Methods and Materials. For each of the 18820 pairs of the ad-hoc retrieval runs of TREC 3, 5–8, we computed the two-sided statistical sig- nificance (p-value) of the difference in the pair’s mean aver- age precision using each of three tests: the randomization, shifted bootstrap, and Student’s paired t-test. Both the ran- domization and bootstrap are distribution-free tests. Space limitations prevent us from explaining the details of each of these well-known tests. For both the randomization and bootstrap, we performed 100,000 samples. For each pair of runs, we sampled topics without replacement to produce runs with 10, 20, 30, and 40 topics. To compare significance tests, we computed the root mean square error between each test and each other test’s p-values. The root mean square error is: Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). SIGIR’09, July 19–23, 2009, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. RMSE = Σ 1 ΣN (Ei − Oi)2 Σ1/2 ACM 978-1-60558-483-6/09/07. N i Num ber of T opics Run pairs with p-value p such that 0.0001 < p < 0.5 Number of Topics 50 40 30 20 10 rand. vs. t-test 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.012 0.027 boot. vs. t-test 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.020 0.041 boot. vs. rand. 0.010 0.013 0.016 0.024 0.047 Pairs of TREC runs with p-values ≥ 0.0001 50 40 30 20 10 rand. vs. t-test 0.007 0.009 0.011 0.018 0.037 boot. vs. t-test 0.007 0.009 0.011 0.017 0.035 boot. vs. rand. 0.011 0.014 0.017 0.026 0.051 ≥
Methods and Materials. To decide upon the means and methods of instruction, the selection of textbooks and other teaching materials, and the use of teaching aids of every kind and nature. The Board shall always be cognizant of the opinions and recommendations of the professional staff.
Methods and Materials. The first set of studies was designed to better docu- ment and quantify the variations between British and American English in the use of plural number when an agreement target’s controller or antecedent has a collective head. We gathered two types of data from British and American speakers and writers. First, to assess verb agreement using matched collective and noncollective materials under comparable conditions, we elicited spoken sentence completions from American and British college students. The collective nouns sampled were chosen from a diction- ary of collectives (Xxxxxxx 1985) to represent a range of human (team, committee), nonhuman animate (herd, flock), corporate (government, association), and ostensibly inanimate (fleet, forest) groupings. Second, for a subset of these collectives we carried out counts of singular andplural verb andpronoun agreement with collective controllers in the Wall Street Journal corpus and the British National Corpus. SPOKEN SENTENCE COMPLETIONS. To compare the incidence of plural agreement after collective controllers with the incidence of plural agreement after semantically related plural and singular noncollectives, thirty-nine students at Michigan State University and thirty-nine students and research workers at Cambridge University provided spoken sentence completions. The completion test was assembled from ninety-six triplets of semantically relatednouns (see Appendix A). Each triplet consistedof a collective (e.g. army), a semantically related noncollective singular (e.g. soldier), and the correspond- ing plural (e.g. soldiers). Three lists of ninety-six simple definite noun phrases were assembledfrom these triplets, with one noun in each noun phrase (e.g. the army). Every list contained one noun from every set and an equal number of nouns of each of the three types (collective, singular, andplural). Across the three lists, every noun occurred just once. The order of the nouns within lists was random, constrained so that there were no more than two successive occurrences of the same kind of noun. The same random order was used for all three lists, so that nouns from the same triplet occurred in the same ordinal position in every list. Each list began with the same four practice items, consisting of two noncollective singulars and two noncollective plurals that differed from the noun phrases used within the lists. The phrases were presented to participants individually under computer control, each phrase appeari...
Methods and Materials. To decide upon the means and methods of instruction, the selection of the textbooks and other materials, and the use of teaching aids of every kind and nature-making consultation with the teacher or teachers concerned.
Methods and Materials. The current study employed quantitative method to examine factors of TAM toward ICT use for English language learning. Besides, it investigated students' activities related to the usage of ICT for general and English language learning purposes. This study used a convenience sample of 303 student teachers of the English Department at a state university in Jambi, Indonesia. The the studentpre-service Commented [A4]: It is better to use the term: pre-service teachers”. Use throughout the manuscript. participants are all teachers majoring English from the first-year to the fourth-year students enrolled in 2020. The student teachers had formally learned English for three years at secondary school level, three years at high school level, and continue to study English courses as well as receive instruction through the medium of English during their undergraduate study at university. Two hundred thirty-seven respondents are were female (78.2%), and sixty-six respondents are were male (21.8%). The primary instrument to collect data in this study was a questionnaire. The online developed Commented [A5]: If it is developed by the researchers, so can you call it a model? Did you validate it? questionnaire survey was modified by the researchers based on the research question Commented [A6]: Now, it is clear that the questionnaire was not adopted by the authors. They modified Davies and other Models, which is acceptable. and previous related studies in a close-ended format, and distributed to all of the respondents. The developed modified questionnaire consists of 33 items. The first section elicited background information of the respondents including gender, academic years, ICT devices ownership, the use of ICT for English learning purposes, and their activities in using ICT for English learning purposes (5 items). The second section entailed the variables of TAM in using ICT for English language learning, which included equipment (Eq), 2 items (adapted from Sabti & Xxxxxxxx, 2014); motivation (Mo), 2 items (adapted from Xxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2014); ICT skills (Sk), 3 items (adapted from Sabti & Xxxxxxxx, 2014); perceived ease of use (PEoU), 5 items (adapted from Xxxxxx, 1989; Park, 2009; and Venkatesh & Xxxxxx, 2000); perceived usefulness (PU), 5 items (adapted from Xxxxxx, 1989; Park, 2009, and Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2000); attitude (At), 3 items (adapted from Xxxxxx, 1989; Park, 2009, and Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2000); and actual use (AU), 4 items (adapted from Xxxxxx, 1989; X...
Methods and Materials. Participants and contouring instructions Author Manuscript Project participants included 12 radiation oncologists with experience treating sarcoma. Most of the participants were members of the NRG Oncology clinical research organization Sarcoma Working Group. Anonymized radiation planning computed tomography (CT) image data sets for 2 patients with RPS were distributed. The first case (RPS1) was a patient with a right upper quadrant de-differentiated (DD) liposarcoma (LPS) with a predominant well-differentiated (WD) component, and the second case (RPS2) was a patient with a left upper quadrant DD LPS with a minimal WD component. The images were obtained with patients in the supine position with their arms supported over their heads. Oral contrast was used, but intravenous contrast was not. Neither accompanying diagnostic scans nor formal reports thereof were provided. Participants were asked to download these data sets from the Image-Guided Therapy QA Center web server and import them into their contouring workstation or treatment planning system. Author Manuscript The following instructions were provided: (1) Contour the GTV as you feel appropriate; (2) Contour the entire “bowel bag” or peritoneal cavity using guidelines from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) atlas on the RTOG website (19). Contour the peritoneal space superiorly to the level of the diaphragm and include the stomach and duodenum; (3) Contour the CTV using the following guidelines (developed by the expert consensus panel): CTV reflects uniform GTV expansion of 1.5 cm with edited reduction at bone (0 mm), bowel bag, and air cavity (5 mm), renal and hepatic interfaces (2 mm), and skin surface (3 mm) (17). CTV expands fully into retroperitoneal muscles. (Please note that subsequently, the expert consensus guidelines were amended to specify CTV expansion into renal and hepatic interfaces of 0 mm and ITV terminology was substituted for CTV for cases where 4- dimensional (4D) CT planning CT images were obtained to account for internal motion) (18); (4) Contour the “high-risk CTV boost” using the following guidelines: the high-risk boost is the area considered to be at high risk for positive margins following resection. It generally includes areas of tumor located along posterior abdominal wall, ipsilateral para- and prevertebral space, major vessels, or organs that the surgeon would leave in situ. You may contour the HR CTV based on input from a surgeon. An example of a high-risk CTV boost...
Methods and Materials. Patients and volunteers The study was approved by the local institutional review board and written informed consent was obtained. 13 patients after repair of aortic coarctation without recoarctation (mean age 18.8 years, age range 3-33, 5 female, 8 male) and 13 young healthy volunteers without history of cardiovascular disease and normal blood pressure (mean age 22.9 years, age range 20-27, 4 female, 9 male) were included in the study. Image acquisition
Methods and Materials. Landlord may arrange for the performance of the Base Building Work in such manner as Landlord shall determine in its sole discretion, consistent, however, with the Base Building CD's as finally approved, Legal Requirements and the provisions of this Section 16.6. There shall be no substitutions for any item of Base Building Enhancements without the consent of Tenant, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, provided, that it shall not be reasonable for Tenant to withhold consent for any substitution (i) which does not increase the Tenant Initial Work Cost, (ii) where the item being substituted for will not be available in time to complete the Base Building Work on schedule (and was ordered timely), (iii) which is of substantially equal or better quality and performance characteristics (including projected costs of operation and maintenance) than the item being substituted for and (iv) which complies with Legal Requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding sentence, Tenant's approval for such a substitution which affects the appearance of the Premises may be withheld in Tenant's sole discretion. For purposes hereof, the term substitution means a change in product, materials, equipment or method of construction as shown or described in the Base Building CD's as finally approved. If Tenant`s approval for any substitution of equipment, materials or personnel is required, Landlord shall submit its request therefor to Tenant in writing. Tenant shall approve or disapprove Landlord's request in writing within a reasonable period of time (given the nature and scope of the proposed substitution), not to exceed five (5) Business Days, after Tenant's receipt of Landlord's reasonably detailed request therefor. If Landlord's request contains a statement that Tenant's failure to respond to such request within the time limitations set forth in the preceding sentence shall constitute Tenant's approval of Landlord's request, then Tenant's failure to respond within the time limitations set forth in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to be the granting of Tenant's approval. If a substitution for any item of Base Building Enhancements reduces the cost of such item, the increase in Tenant Initial Work Cost previously accepted by Tenant in connection with such item shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect such reduction in cost.
Methods and Materials. Developer shall cause the performance of the School Base Building Work in such manner as Developer shall determine in its sole discretion, consistent, however, with the 100% School Base Building CD’s and the provisions of this Agreement.
Methods and Materials. Ethics We performed a study on the safety, feasibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled ketamine in ten healthy volunteers from August 1, 2015 until January 1, 2016. The local Institutional Review Board and the Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO) in The Hague approved the study. All subjects gave written informed consent prior to enrollment in the study. The study was registered at the Dutch trial registry under number NTR 5358. Participants Subjects of either sex, aged 18-39 years and with a body mass index <30 kg m-2 were eligible to participate in the study. An independent physician screened all subjects prior to enrollment. Exclusion criteria included a positive drug screen on the day of screening or on the day of testing, presence or history of any medical, neurological or psychiatric disease, pregnancy/lactation in women, a history of illicit drug use or weekly alcohol intake >21 units/week, participation in another trial in the three months prior to enrollment, current use of any medication and abnormalities observed during physical examination. The subjects were asked to refrain from food and drinks for at least 8 hours before the inhalation of ketamine started. In addition, participants were not allowed to consume caffeinated drinks such as coffee, black tea or cola-drinks, energy drinks and chocolate for the 24 hours prior to the study. Finally, all subjects were requested to refrain from tonic and grapefruit-containing food or beverages during the 7 days preceding the study day.
