Introduction and Study Purpose Sample Clauses

Introduction and Study Purpose. 1 Background on open defecation 1 Sanitation in India 1 Table 1.1. Sanitation programs sponsored by the Government of India 2 The Sundara Grama intervention 4 Purpose of this qualitative study 5 Table 1.2 Research questions for intervention villages 6 Table 1.3 Research questions for control villages 7 Chapter II: Review of the Literature 8 The problem of open defecation 8 Figure 2.1 Map of Odisha 11 Efforts to end open defecation in India 11 Barriers to end open defecation in India 16 The Sundara Grama intervention 21 Table 2.1 Description of Sundara Grama Activities 22 Table 2.2 Levels of behavioral control in BCD and Sundara Grama activities 25 Table 2.3 Sundara Grama activities and the COM-B System 27 Chapter III: Student Contribution 38 Journal Choice 38 Overview of the Sundara Grama intervention 38 Role of student project within Sundara Grama 39 Student contribution to thesis 40 Methods 40 Table 3.1 Focus group participants by village and sex 42 Table 3.2 Demographics of focus group participants 44 Chapter IV: Manuscript 48 Introduction 48 Materials and Methods 50 Results 52 Discussion 56 Conclusions 59 Table A1 Description of Sundara Grama activities 60 Table A2 Focus participants by village and sex 61 Table A3 Demographics of focus group participants 61 Chapter V: Public Health Implications 65 Implications for intervention activities 65 Implications for community interventions 66 Spillover 70 Future research questions 71 Appendices 74 Appendix A: Definition of terms 74 Appendix B: IRB Approval for parent study 76 Appendix C: Oral consent for focus group participants 77 Appendix D: FGD demographic survey 79 Appendix E: Intervention FGD Guide 81 Appendix F: Control FGD Guide 84 Appendix G: Codebook 88 Chapter I: Introduction and Study Purpose Background on open defecation Open defecation contributes to many serious health outcomes, including child malnutrition and stunting (Spears, Ghosh, & Cumming, 2013), waterborne and soil- transmitted parasitic diseases (Xxxxxx et al., 2015; Speich, Croll, Furst, Utzinger, & Xxxxxx, 2016). Open defecation also is associated with other risks, particularly for women and girls, including bodily exposure, harassment and violence (Xxxxx et al., 2018), and higher prevalence of non-partner sexual and/or physical violence (Jadhav, Weitzman, & Xxxxx-Xxxxxxxxx, 2016; Winter & Xxxxxx, 2016). Reducing fecal pathogen exposure through improved sanitation has been linked to reduced rates of diarrheal disease and death in childr...
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