Historical Context Sample Clauses

Historical Context. In 1989, shortly after the conversion to cooperative ownership, the Board of Directors adopted a policy designed to (1) provide flexibility to shareholders who need to sublet for economic and personal reasons and (2) maintain the residential character of the building. More recently, the Board recognized a third reason: to maximize the Co-op’s financial health and its ability to borrow at the most favorable rates. Modifications to the policy have been introduced over the intervening years to respond to those shareholders who wish to purchase additional apartments and establish guidelines for those shareholders who purchase apartments as a non-primary residence, for example, as a pied-à- terre, home office, artist studio, or residence for a family member. See Family Member, below. Those shareholders who do not purchase an apartment as a primary residence are not permitted to sublet. The Board reviews the policy periodically to ensure it balances the various interests of the Co-op, keeps pace with changing life-styles, and promotes the fair and reasonable application of the rules in individual cases.

Historical Context. Historical context refers to what was going on in the world during the timeframe in which a work is set or was written. It involves factors like economic conditions, societal norms of the day, major events, technological advancements, etc. For example: A research paper or book written about the possibility and potential impact of pandemics after the Covid-19 pandemic is over will have a very different historical context than works on the same topic created during an earlier time. Physical context refers to the setting in which a work of writing takes place. It is the physical environment in which the story, or an event within the story, occurs. A book about surviving on your own in a huge, densely populated city will be very different from a book on the same topic that is set in a remote rural location.

Historical Context. THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT Every society treats gender and gender differences in a culturally specific way. Moreover, social relations and structures everywhere evolve over time, creating new variations. It is striking, though, that men have always had a leading position in the majority of cultures, while women have been to a lesser or greater degree subordinated. It was not until the 19th century that groups of women openly and systematically started defying the existing social gender division, and resisting oppression. To better understand the present position of women in Mexican society, and in particular of indigenous women, it is important to look at certain historical evolutions, and to place current research in the context of feminism, including indigenous feminism. The history of feminism can be divided in different phases. Usually, the concept of ‘waves’ is used to indicate the different periods, however, it is important to realize that this term should be used with caution. Different types of activism existed and still exist simultaneously, and others overlap (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2000: 210). The division in waves is therefore only used to indicate general trends. As there are specialized studies discussing feminist history in detail, the goal here is not to give a complete overview, but rather to point to certain trends that are relevant for this work. A brief overview will be given of the history of the feminist movement in the West, looking at general evolutions in Europe, in particular the United Kingdom, and in the United States of America, both precursors regarding women’s rights. In Mexico, feminism developed almost in parallel with the movement in Europe and the U.S.A., but showed certain particularities worth explaining to understand the current situation of women in Mexico. In colonial times, some individual actions of female resistance can be noted in Mexico. In the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, there was a first wave of feminist initiatives of Mexican women who openly started striving for the improvement of their rights. In her work Contra viento y marea: el movimiento feminista en México hasta 1940 (2002), ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ writes extensively about the first period of the feminist struggle, starting around the time of the Mexican Independence. It shows the long tradition of Mexican feminism, but also that feminism has often been used for political purposes rather than for the real improvement of the position of women. ▇▇▇▇▇▇’ very comple...

Historical Context. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ lacks a native account of origins and history. The people themselves often claim to have been living in the Pamir Mountains since the beginning of time, and that they are the oldest Iranian civilization speaking the orig- inal or most ancient variety of Persian. Given the harsh conditions on the eastern Pamir plateau, Sarikoli people reason that no one would choose to as- cend the mountain; instead, they conveniently descended from their mountain dwellings. Shughni and Rushani, the most closely-related languages to Sarikoli, are spo- ▇▇▇ in eastern Tajikistan and Afghanistan. According to ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, the Sarikoli people migrated several centuries ago from the Upper Bartang of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. More populations fled from Upper Bartang in 1911, when the massive Sarez-Pamir earthquake trig- gered landslides and destroyed their villages (2004:2).

Historical Context. The Challenge of Variability 12 15 Section 3.05 Forecast of Current and Future Water Demand 14 16 (a) Water Demand and Growth – the City General Plan 14 17 (b) Water Demand and Growth – UCSC Future Demands 14 18 (c) Interim Demand Forecast – February to April 2015 15 19 (d) Econometric Demand Forecast – July to September 2015 16 20 (e) Committee Agreement(s) 21 21 (f) List of Key Assumptions for Econometric Demand Forecast 21 22 Section 3.06 Analysis of Supply Available to Meet Current and Projected Future Water Demand 23 22 24 (a) Future Challenges – Fish Flow Releases 23 25 (b) Potential Impacts of Climate Change 25 26 Section 3.07 How Climate Change Affects the System Modeling Results 28 27 (a) City Proposed Flows 29 28 (b) DFG-5 Flows 29 29 Section 3.08 Problem Statement 30 30 Section 3.09 Data Driven Decision Making 31 31 Section 3.10 Evaluation Criteria 31 1 (a) Identifying and Evaluating Solutions 34 2 (b) Analytical Work on Alternatives 40 3 (c) Alternatives Considered but Not Pursued at this Time 41 4 Section 3.11 Scenario Planning 41 5 Section 3.12 Portfolio Development and Evaluation 43 6 Section 3.13 Issues of Risks and Uncertainties 43 7 Section 3.14 Committee Member Portfolio Building 45 8 Section 3.15 Alternatives that Emerged as Key Strategies to Consider 46 9 Section 3.16 Demand Management 46 10 (a) Development of Recommendations on Demand Management 48 11 (b) Committee Agreement about Demand Management 51 12 (c) Key Assumptions about Demand Management 51 13 Section 3.17 Supply Development 52 14 Section 3.18 Rationale for the Committee’s Preference for the Groundwater Storage and Retrieval 15 Strategy 55 16 Section 3.19 Infrastructure Constraints 55 17 Section 3.20 Operational Constraints 56 18 Section 3.21 Agreement on Elements of the Water Supply Augmentation Plan 57 19 Section 3.22 Implementation Strategy Options 58 20 Section 3.23 Developing a Change Management Strategy 60 21 (a) Exploring Example Change Management Approaches 60 22 Section 3.24 WSAC’s Change Management Strategy 61 23 (a) The Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle 61 24 (b) Definitions and Context 63 25 (c) Guiding Principles 64 26 (d) Change Management Strategy 65 27 (e) Assessments, Reviews and Update to Plan 68 28 (f) Staggered Adaptive Pathway and Decision Nodes 69 29 (g) Guidance for Decision-Making at Decision Nodes 71 30 Section 3.25 Article III Summary – listing of all Committee Agreements 73 31 Article IV. Recommendations 74 1 Section 4.01 The Water Supply Augmentation Plan 7...

Historical Context. Slavery as an institution was the law of the land until the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 (National Archives, n.d.). Beliefs about Black inhumanity contributed to the beginning and sustaining of slavery. Furthermore, the action of keeping individuals as slaves perpetuated the belief of Black inhumanity that permeates through all US institutions and persists today (Painter, 2006). Racism has impacted all facets of Black and White life, leading to disparities in housing, criminal justice, education, wealth, employment, and healthcare (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2016). In the US, the history of racism is complex, and the impacts of racism have been durable (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2016). Interestingly, race was rarely used before the 1500s. It was used to identify individuals based on kinship or shared connection. It was not until the advent of the US capitalist system, built upon free labor from the enslavement of Africans, that race was used to discriminate against people based on their physical features. Thus, race was developed as a social construct to justify the use of free labor (National Museum of African American History and Culture, n.d.). Moreover, the scientific community, particularly psychiatry, was intimately entwined in using science to justify the inferiority of Blacks. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, the father of psychiatry, though an abolitionist, was an enslaver. He developed the theory of “negritude”. Negritude is defined as a mild form of leprosy, and the only cure is to become White (Moffic et al., 2020). With the development of asylums, Blacks and Whites were segregated, being the first institutions in the United States to be segregated. The American Psychiatric Association supported this manner of treatment. The prongs of racism were also seen in differing diagnoses for Blacks and Whites. Dr. ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ helped establish the asylum system and believed that Blacks were too primitive to have a complex life; thus, they were immune to insanity. In fact, for the census in 1840, there was a category for the insane or idiotic, and Blacks in the North were diagnosed far more often than Blacks in the South with this disorder (▇’▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2020). This was used to justify the need for slavery. ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, the US vice president, stated that this was proof that slavery was a necessity. Without slavery, Blacks would go insane (▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2016).

Historical Context. For context, the reason for Anaheim’s agreement to not enact an entertainment tax on Disney for the first 15 years after the 2001 opening was not tied to Disney’s investment in Anaheim, but to Disney’s guarantee of bond payments. In summary, Anaheim feared that if Disney’s new 2001 development now known as Disney’s California Adventure (or DCA) failed to draw public attendance sufficient to cover the bond payments funding infrastructure and improvements to enable the expansion, Anaheim would be put in a negative financial position. Therefore, if DCA failed to prove financially viable, Disney guaranteed the bond payments, until such time that tax revenues would improve and cover the amounts, and at that point Anaheim would rebate or reimburse bond payments made by Disney during the carry-over period. Disney did not want to fund a losing new project, bond payments, AND a new “gate tax” imposed by City Hall seeking new revenues not provided by Disney’s new project. Roughly 10 years ago, an argument was made to prohibit an entertainment tax, or other such fee aimed at tourism, based on the claim that Anaheim 15 year promise not to tax Disney was tied to Disney’s “investment” and not their bond guarantee. • Should the language in the new Amended DA be a vaguely worded attempt to shield themselves from another effort toward an entertainment tax, we wish to enter into the public record our strong objection to any obstacle to an Entertainment Tax or similar revenue stream that may be approved in the future by the action of City Council or citizen referendum. • Any discussion of Entertainment Tax or similar revenue generation should be a separate stand-alone issue to be discussed in an open and public meeting and not buried in a lengthy and complex document without adequate time for review. In addition, despite the efforts of several volunteers reviewing the nearly 3,000 pages of new information released on Friday, March 8, 2024, we find ourselves unable to review all pages of all documents prior to sending these comments for Planning Commission consideration on Monday, March 11, 2024. Therefore, should the Amended Development Agreement or any other agreement/contract/document considered by the Planning Commission and/or City Council regarding DisneylandForward include any language that negates future compliance with Measure L and the litigation decision of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ et al, Plaintiffs v The ▇▇▇▇ Disney Company et al, Super. Ct No. 30- 2019-00116850, including ...

Historical Context. The historical context of Sierra Leone is important to understand in order , to grasp the true setting where the research was conducted. Like many African nations, the British colonized Sierra Leone in 1792 (USDS, 2012). Over the years Great Britain freed slaves from the United States, Nova Scotia, and Great Britain, and they were liberated in Freetown- hence the name (USDS, 2012). These newly liberated slaves, known as Krio, were from many different African nations originally, but the majority made their new home in Sierra Leone (USDS, 2012). The Krio peoples assimilated to some of the British and western styles of life during slavery. The knowledge of the English language and the familiarity of other cultural aspects led to the Krio people’s ability to develop prosperous trade along the coast (USDS, 2012). With the British still in rule, the Krio peoples were at a great advantage. The success of the Krio peoples in Freetown led to the spread of the Krio language, which 95% of the current day population can understand today (CIA, 2012) Sierra Leone gained independence from Great Britain in 1961 (USDS, 2012). Independence was followed by the dominant rule of the All Peoples Congress (APC) from 1967- 1991 (USDS, 2012). The APC party increasingly abused power while ruling Sierra Leone (USDS, 2012). In 1991, the devastatingly brutal civil war began in Sierra Leone (USDS, 2012). The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) began attacking villages along the Liberian border, eventually taking over the diamond mines in Kono district of Sierra Leone. The war continued for the next 11 years, killing tens of thousands and displacing about one-third of people in the country (CIA, 2012). During the war, torture, rape and sexual slavery were widespread and an estimated 5,000 child soldiers were used in this horrifically brutal war (Mir, 2010). The war destroyed roads, safe water ▇▇▇▇▇, electricity, schools, health centers, medical equipment and displaced medical personnel (Mir, 2010). As a direct consequence of the destroyed infrastructure, the population was not able to access basic health services (Mir, 2010). The population of Sierra Leone is made up of 20 African ethic groups. The largest of these ethic groups are Temne (35%), Mende (31%), Limba (8%), and Kono (5%) (USDS, 2012). The Temne peoples are most populous in the north and the Mende people are the most populous in the south (USDS, 2012). The villages are primarily made up of extended families; therefore each commu...

Historical Context. Throughout the previous 80 years many people were forcibly removed from their own Homeland Estates and contained on mission sites within the Jagera, Yuggera and Ugarapul People's collective Homeland Estate. Some of the people living within that Homeland Estate are at present Aboriginal and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Islander members of our community who live here by choice. Both the historical and present circumstances and choices are acknowledged by the Jagera, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Ugarapul People and we recognise that many bring their cultural understanding and practices with them. As a result there are Elders who are people who have historical connection to the area and are recognised by the Aboriginal and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Islander community residing within the boundaries of the Homeland Estate of the Jagera, Yuggera and Ugarapul People. Currently there are over 13,000 Aboriginal and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Strait Islander persons living within the Brisbane and Ipswich areas. It is therefore important to recognise the Traditional Custodians with respects to their homelands and culture so as to not impact upon their rights or perpetuate displacement. Due to the standing and rights of the Traditional Custodians with respect to their homelands it is also important to ensure that there is not a misconception about cultural practices and significant cultural symbols, as Aboriginal People are not a homogenous group and are different Nations with different languages and symbology (included in artwork and body markings). Consulting with the Traditional Custodians on Welcomes, significant ceremonies and other cultural events will support us in preserving our Laws and Lore and help us to promote awareness and understanding among the broader community about the Jagera, Yuggera and Ugarapul People and their Homeland Estate.