Habitat Degradation. Major threats in this GMU are: degradation of habitat due to livestock grazing, oil and gas exploration, and alteration of wetland/spring complexes due to groundwater withdrawal. Livestock grazing specifically impacts the habitat by trampling shorelines, reducing vegetation, decreasing water quality, and accelerating succession of spring complexes. Oil and gas exploration may lead to a decrease in water quality, water contamination, and potentially alter groundwater pathways. Alterations to wetland/spring habitat include diversions for agricultural or municipal purposes. Water withdrawals are currently proposed to support human population growth in Southern Nevada may impact ground water levels in the Snake Valley (Xxxxx and Xxxxxx 2005). Detrimental Interactions: Several nonnative species have been introduced into some of the subunits for purposes ranging from mosquito abatement to recreational fishing opportunities. Competition and predation by nonnative species has significantly impacted least chub populations and poses a potential threat in this GMU. West Desert GMU Conservation Elements Habitat Protection, Nonnative Control, Range Expansion, Restore Hydrologic Conditions, Monitoring
Habitat Degradation. The major threat in this area is loss of habitat due to human growth and water development for municipal and agricultural purposes. Agricultural areas and mountain foothills have been converted into neighborhoods and wetland areas in the valleys have been drained and diked. Water development projects have caused a reduction in habitat due to decreased water levels and elimination of habitat. Detrimental Interactions: Several nonnative fish species have been introduced into these areas for purposes of mosquito abatement and recreational fishing opportunities. Competition and predation by nonnative species have significantly impacted least chub populations and will continue to present a threat. Wasatch Front GMU Conservation Elements Inventories, Habitat Enhancement, Habitat Protection, Nonnative Control, Range Expansion, Monitoring, Restore Hydrologic Condition
Habitat Degradation. The major threat in this area is loss of habitat due to livestock grazing, water development for municipal and agricultural purposes and potential peat mining in the Xxxxx Valley. Livestock grazing specifically impacts the habitat by trampling banks, reducing vegetation, and decreasing water quality. Habitat alteration has caused significant losses in habitat due to wetlands being filled or drained to create additional land for agriculture and development. Water development projects have caused a reduction in habitat due to decreased water levels, capping and drying of spring complexes. Peat mining has the potential to permanently altering the hydrology and habitat complexity making it unsuitable for least chub. Detrimental Interactions: Several nonnative fish species have been introduced into these areas for purposes ranging from mosquito abatement to recreational fishing opportunities. Competition and predation by nonnative species has significantly impacted historical least chub populations and may continue to present a threat in this unit. Xxxxxx River GMU Conservation Elements Inventories, Habitat Enhancement, Habitat Protection, Nonnative Control, Range Expansion, Monitoring, Restore Hydrologic Condition
Habitat Degradation. Water Diversions, Spring Development, and Water Development Water diversions and groundwater development may be a continuing threat to relict leopard frog conservation where historical populations have been extirpated or their habitats altered due to diversion of water from streams or wetlands for activities associated with livestock grazing, agriculture, urban development, and other uses. Because of legal appropriations under Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah water laws and land use practices on public, private, and tribal lands, water diversions continue to occur and may be problematic for relict leopard frog conservation and management of occupied or historical leopard frog habitats. Extant populations are restricted to perennial desert springs along the Virgin and Colorado river drainages. Substantial leopard frog habitat in the historical range of the relict leopard frog has been destroyed or modified by activities such as spring capping and diversions and the construction of dams and reservoirs. Modifications have not only changed the amount and quality of habitat available for relict leopard frogs, but may also have created habitat for and promoted introduction of nonnative predators (Sredl et al. 1997). In addition to local spring and stream modifications, aquifer overdrafting in areas that affect relict leopard frog habitat may be a significant threat, because these aquifers may be limited in their ability to recharge. Possible explanations of the origin of these springs and impacts that might occur from future groundwater withdrawal are considered below.
Habitat Degradation. The present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of Columbia spotted frog habitat or range. Water Diversions: Water diversions may be a significant threat to Columbia spotted frogs due to the removal of water from streams or wetlands for activities associated with livestock grazing and agriculture, particularly where drainages terminate and water becomes a limiting factor. Because of appropriations under state of Nevada water law and land use practices on public, private, and tribal lands, water diversions continue to occur and may be problematic for Columbia spotted frog conservation and recovery in some locations, particularly at lower elevations (Reaser 1997, USFWS 1993).
Habitat Degradation. The present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of Toiyabe spotted frog habitat or range. Water Diversions: Water diversions may be a significant threat to Toiyabe spotted frogs where historic populations have been extirpated due to the diversion of water from streams or wetlands for activities associated with livestock grazing, agriculture, and fish culture, particularly where drainages terminate and water becomes a limiting factor. Because of appropriations under State of Nevada water law and land use practices on public, private, and tribal lands, water diversions continue to occur and may be problematic for Toiyabe spotted frog conservation and recovery in some locations, particularly at lower elevations (Reaser 1997; Worthing 1993).
Habitat Degradation. The major threat in this GMU is loss of habitat due to urbanization and water development. Agricultural areas and mountain foothills have been converted into neighborhoods and wetland areas in the valleys have been drained and diked. Detrimental Interactions Several nonnative fish species have been introduced into these areas for purposes of mosquito abatement and recreational fishing opportunities. Competition and predation by nonnative species have Subunit Population Spanish Fork River Springville Hatchery T-bone Bottoms Xxxxxxxx Springs Diamond Fork Utah Lake Xxxxxxxxx Wetland Complexes Pond and Xxxx Springs Provo River Heber Valley: area between Jordanelle Reservoir and Deer Creek Reservoir Woodland: Provo River corridor above Jordanelle Reservoir Upper Xxxxx Xxxxxx Nature Preserve: introduced population in 2004 Table 2. Summary of subunits containing spotted frog populations within the Wasatch Front GMU. significantly impacted spotted frog populations and will continue to present a threat. Those non- natives that pose the largest threat to the Columbia spotted frog are: largemouth bass, common carp, fathead minnow, American bullfrog. Conservation Actions Range Expansion, Habitat Enhancement, Nonnative Control, Habitat Protection, Restore Hydrologic Conditions, Monitoring, Mitigation, Regulations XXXXXX RIVER GEOGRAPHIC MANAGEMENT UNIT Water in the Xxxxxx River Basin historically flowed into pluvial Xxxxxx Lake, but for the most part is currently diverted for agricultural purposes. It is thought that spotted frog in this GMU became separated from the remaining spotted frog populations on the Wasatch Front following the decline of ancient Lake Bonneville. Areas where spotted frogs occur average about 1785 meters in elevation and are only known to occur in the San Pitch River subunit where the primary land use is agricultural. One population has been identified for this GMU near the town of Fairview (Table 3). Figure 4. Management subunits within the Xxxxxx River GMU. No spotted frog occurrences are known to currently or historically occur within the Middle Xxxxxx River or Lower Xxxxxx River subunits. The actions for these subunits are associated with determining if spotted frog historically or currently occurred in them. Since the distribution and occurrence of spotted frog in these subunits remain unclear, threats and conservation goals can not be described until surveys of theses drainages is conducted.
Habitat Degradation. The habitat of Black Sea T. truncatus is used by humans for shipping, fishing, mineral exploitation, tourism, recreation, military exercises and waste disposal (Xxxxxxxx et al., 1983; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 1998; Xxxxxxxxxxxxx et al., 1998; Xxxxxx et al., 1998). Besides, coastal area and drainage basin are under a pressure from urban development, industry, hydro- and nuclear energetics, agriculture and land-improvement. Numerous anthropogenic threats responsible for bottlenose dolphins’ habitat degradation can be assembled into three principal groups: various kinds of pollution; physical modification of the seabed; and irretrievable take of natural wealth including the (over)exploitation of marine living resources.
Habitat Degradation. The major threat in this GMU is loss of habitat due to livestock grazing, the threat of oil and gas exploration, alteration of wetland/spring complexes, and accelerated succession of spring complexes. Livestock grazing specifically impacts the habitat by trampling shorelines, reducing vegetation, and decreasing water quality. Oil and gas exploration may lead to decrease in water quality and water contamination. Alterations to wetland/spring habitat that include diversions for agricultural or municipal purposes is currently a significant threat, particularly in the Xxxxxx Springs complex.
Habitat Degradation. The major threat in this area is loss of habitat due to human growth and water development for municipal and agricultural purposes. Agricultural areas and mountain foothills have been converted into neighborhoods and wetland areas in the valleys have been drained and diked. Water development projects have caused a reduction in habitat due to decreased water levels.
