Common use of End User Agreement Clause in Contracts

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007/s00330-012-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller than

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007Evaluation of Image Registration in PET/s00330CT of the Liver and Recommendations for Optimized Imaging Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx0, Xxxx X. xxx Xxxxx0, Xxx Xxxxxxx0, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx0, Xxxxx X.X. Corstens1, Xxxx X.X. Ruers2, and Xxx X.X. Oyen1 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 2Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and 3Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Multimodality PET/CT of the liver can be performed with an inte- grated (hybrid) PET/CT scanner or with software fusion of dedi- cated PET and CT. Accurate anatomic correlation and good image quality of both modalities are important prerequisites, re- gardless of the applied method. Registration accuracy is influ- enced by breathing motion differences on PET and CT, which may also have impact on (attenuation correction–related) arti- facts, especially in the upper abdomen. The impact of these is- sues was evaluated for both hybrid PET/CT and software fusion, focused on imaging of the liver. Methods: Thirty patients underwent hybrid PET/CT, 20 with CT during expiration breath- hold (EB) and 10 with CT during free breathing (FB). Ten addi- tional patients underwent software fusion of dedicated PET and dedicated expiration breath-012hold CT (SF). The image regis- tration accuracy was evaluated at the location of liver borders on CT and uncorrected PET images and at the location of liver lesions. Attenuation-2701correction artifacts were evaluated by comparison of liver borders on uncorrected and attenuation- corrected PET images. CT images were evaluated for the pres- ence of breathing artifacts. Results: In EB, 40% of patients had an absolute registration error of the diaphragm in the cranio- caudal direction of .1 cm (range, 216 to 44 mm), and 45% of lesions were mispositioned .1 cm. In 50% of cases, attenuation- correction artifacts caused a deformation of the liver dome on PET of .1 cm. Poor compliance to breath-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy hold instructions caused CT artifacts in 55% of cases. In FB, 30% had registration errors of .1 cm (range, 24 to 16 mm) and PET artifacts were less extensive, but all CT images had breathing artifacts. As SF allows independent alignment of PET and CT, no registration errors or artifacts of .1 cm of the diaphragm occurred. Conclusion: Hy- brid PET/CT of the liver may have significant registration errors and artifacts related to breathing motion. The extent of these is- sues depends on the selected breathing protocol and the speed of the CT scanner. No protocol or scanner can guarantee perfect image fusion. On the basis of these findings, recommendations were formulated with regard to scanner requirements, breathing protocols, and reporting. Received Sep. 21, 2006; revision accepted Mar. 9, 2007. For correspondence or reprints contact: Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx, MD, Department of Nuclear Medicine (565), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Postbox 0000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx. E-mail: x.xxxxx@xxxxxx.xxxx.xx COPYRIGHT ª 2007 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc. Key Words: PET; PET/CT; accuracy; liver imaging; oncology J Nucl Med 2007; 48:910–919 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.041517 Accurate imaging of liver metastases is important for clinical decision making when considering locoregional therapy, such as partial liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (1,2). These interventions rely on accurate infor- mation about the localization and the extent of tumor sites (3,4). The added value of functional imaging with 18F-FDG PET to conventional anatomic imaging (CT, especially, and MRI) has been well recognized, especially when assessing previous therapeutic interventions (5,6). However, the exact localization of lesions on 18F-FDG PET is limited by a relatively low spatial resolution and a lack of anatomic reference. The obvious benefit of combining the capabil- ities of CT (anatomic reference) and 18F-FDG PET (sensi- tive tumor detection) has led to the practice of correlation of images as obtained by PET and by CT (7–9). Correlation can be performed with mere visual side-by-side evaluation of images acquired by separate scanners or with integrated images provided by either an integrated (hybrid) PET/CT scanner or software image fusion of dedicated PET and CT (10). Regardless of the methodology, the anatomic corre- lation of both image sets must be accurate. This implies that the liver needs to be in the same anatomic position and shape during both CT and PET acquisitions. However, CT and PET are influenced differently by breathing motion. As free breathing is mandatory for PET acquisition, PET has blurring in the lower thoracic and upper abdominal areas. CT acquisition must be adapted to match these images, by scanning during free breathing or timed unforced expiration (10), but neither approach fully eliminates the risk of reg- istration errors between PET and CT (11,12). Furthermore, these registration errors can introduce artifacts on PET images in hybrid PET/CT, where attenuation correction of PET images is based on the CT images. Such artifacts may compromise both clinical interpretation and quantitative eval- uation of PET images (13). Diagnostic imaging requires optimal image quality. In this study, we determined the extent of anatomic registration errors and the occurrence of artifacts in hybrid PET/CT of the liver using a robust technique, during different breathing protocols, and performed a direct comparison with software image fusion of separately acquired PET and CT. Accord- ing to our findings, recommendations were formulated with regard to scanner requirements, breathing protocols, and re- porting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Integrated PET/CT images were acquired with 3 different pro- tocols. Twenty consecutive patients with suspected metastases from colorectal cancer underwent hybrid PET/CT with low-dose CT during expiration breath-hold (EB). Ten other consecutive patients (March 2006), who were referred for various indications and who were unable to comply with breathing instructions for various reasons, underwent hybrid PET/CT with low-dose CT during free breathing (FB). Ten more consecutive patients (between Decem- ber 2002 and November 2003) with suspected metastases from colorectal carcinoma underwent software fusion of dedicated PET and dedicated diagnostic CT acquired during breath-hold (SF). Image Acquisition · Hybrid PET/CT scans were acquired using a Biograph Duo (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) containing a 2-slice CT scanner. A low-dose CT scan for localization and attenuation- correction purposes was acquired in the caudocranial direction from the thighs to the base of the skull. Scanning parameters in- cluded 40 mA s, 130 kV, 5-mm slice collimation, 0.8-s rotation time, and pitch of 1.5, reconstructed to 3-mm slices for smooth coronal representation. CT scans were acquired during timed un- forced expiration breath-hold (EB) or during free breathing (FB). Timed expiration breath-hold consisted of free breathing during the first (caudal) part of the scan, a deep inspiration command at the level of the xxxxx iliaca superior, immediately followed by a command to expire and breath-hold; patients were allowed to re- sume free breathing at the level of the lung tops. The total expi- ration breath-hold time was about 30 s. Free breathing was performed without specific patient instructions. No intravenous contrast was applied. For PET, a 3-dimensional (3D) emission scan of the cen- tral body was acquired during free breathing, 60 min after intra- venous injection of 250 MBq 18F-FDG. The acquisition time per bed position was 4 min for emission only. Uncorrected emission images as well as images with CT-based attenuation correction were reconstructed, both using 2 iterations, 8 subsets, and a 5-mm 3D gaussian filter. Dedicated 18F-FDG PET scans were acquired using an ECAT Exact 47 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions). A 3D emission scan was acquired and reconstructed identical to PET from PET/CT. In addition, a 2-dimensional 68Ge-based transmis- sion scan was acquired for attenuation correction. The acquisition time per bed position was 5 min for emission and 3 min for the transmission. Dedicated CT scans were acquired using a Somatom Volume Zoom (Siemens Medical Solutions) 4-slice scanner. Scans of the liver were acquired with 80 mAs, 130 kV, 0.5-s rotation time, and 5-mm slice thickness, during unforced expiration breath-hold. Intravenous contrast was applied; the portal-phase images were selected for image fusion with PET. Image Registration Procedure For hybrid PET/CT, normal image registration tools for targeting highquality-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society assurance procedures were followed as described by the manufacturer. This involved alignment of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers PET and CT gantries after maintenance, using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies‘‘crossed-lines’’ phantom. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed No additional image registration optimization was performed after scanning. Software image reg- istration was performed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped a personal computer with image view- ing and registration software, developed in-house, based on homogeneous the visualization toolkit VTK (14) and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient the insight segmentation and registration toolkit ITK (ADC) values 15). The procedure has been described in more detail previously (16). In brief, the software allows rigid- body image registration based on 3 translation and 3 rotation parameters. Anatomic registration of PET emission images to CT was pursued using an automated ADC texture analysis methodimplementation of the automatic mutual information algorithm, on a 3D volume of interest containing the liver. Image Analysis Image sets from PET and CT were correlated through evalua- tion of borders of the liver and focal lesions within the liver. Mismatches of .10 mm were considered potentially clinically relevant. Mismatches of focal lesions were expressed as 3D vec- tors. For liver borders, this approach is not possible, because a unidirectional shift of a liver border may be complicated by a (unrecognizable) deformation or rotation that alters the location that represents the top. Selected for landmarks were the tangent points (tops) of 3 liver borders: the diaphragmatic dome, the right liver border, and the caudal tip. 3D ellipsoids were manually positioned to match the curved shapes of the liver borders (Fig. 1); the locations of the tangent points were then derived mathemat- ically. Mismatches were expressed as 1-dimensional distances along the axis of the largest movement (e.g., the craniocaudal direction for the diaphragmatic dome and the caudal tip of the liver; the lat- eral direction for the right lateral liver border). This procedure was performed separately on CT, uncorrected (uPET), and attenuation- corrected (acPET) images, blinded from each other. The proportion localization of heterogeneous tumours containing liver borders is difficult on uPET and acPET, as the images are blurry. The selected visual cutoff for positioning of a distinctborder may be different for uPET and acPET images. The observer-specific systematic bias between localization of liver bor- ders on uPET and acPET was determined by comparing images from dedicated PET, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values where the position of the liver is theoretically identical on both image sets. The true position of the liver border was determined. Both overall tumour assumed to be between the visual localizations on uPET and high-grade focal volumes were calculatedacPET. All high-grade target volumes uPET and acPET measurements were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine corrected after- xxxx for this bias, using the hit rateaverage measurement difference from the theoretic position. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % The interobserver variability for manual deter- mination of positional differences of tangent points, after correction of the PZ prostate tumourssystematic bias, was evaluated in 5 subsequent dedicated PET scans (both uPET and acPET) by 2 experienced observers. Definitions. CT images, uPET images, and acPET images were evaluated for image registration errors, attenuation-correction arti- facts, and the visual discernibility of these errors. • Registration errors: The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes relative anatomic/positional mis- match of structures (median volume of 0.3 ml either circumscript lesions or organ bor- ders) as visible on uPET and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thanCT images, expressed as a distance in millimeters.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007Communications Angewandte Chemie Chirality International Edition: DOI: 10.1002/s00330anie.201811289 German Edition: DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811289 Attrition-012-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy Enhanced Deracemization of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx the Antimalaria Drug Mefloquine Xxxxxxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • X. X. Xxxxxx,* and Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman ReceivedXxxxx* Abstract: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society Mefloquine is an important drug for prevention and treatment of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate malaria. It is commercially available as a racemic mixture, wherein only one enantiomer is active against malaria, while the required spatial alignment accu- racy other one causes severe psychotropic effects. By converting the drug into a compound that crystallizes as a racemizable racemic conglomerate, the deracemization of mefloquine into the desired enantiomer was achieved. Despite widespread efforts to combat malaria, the disease remains one of the main health threats for correctly grading 95 a major part of the population in tropical countries. In 2016, the number of malaria cases was estimated at 216 million, leading to 445 000 malaria deaths worldwide.[1] The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by a series of different parasites, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most prominent one. In the recent past, chloroquine (2) was the drug of choice to treat malaria since it was effective and inexpensive (Figure 1). Because of the resistance of P. falciparum, however, chlor- oquine as well as several other drugs have become ineffective against this parasite.[2] Currently, the WHO-recommended treatment involves the use of artemisinin (3): although there is no resistance to this drug yet, it is relatively expensive and therefore not always available to malaria patients.[3] One other drug that is used to prevent and treat chloroquine- resistant P. falciparum malaria is mefloquine, sold under the brand name Lariam. The drug likely functions by inhibiting the endocytosis of hemoglobin of the malaria parasites.[4] Around 10 % of peripheral zone female travelers (PZaged 18–49) prostate cancers using to malaria endemic areas use mefloquine, and it also is the preferred drug for small children.[5] In addition, combination therapies that use mefloquine together with other anti-malaria drugs appear promising to combat drug resistance and transmit- @ tance.[6] Mefloquine (1) contains two stereocenters, of which only (+)-(11S,12R)-1 and ( )-(11R,12S)-1 are present as a system racemic mixture.[7,8] The (11S,12S)-1 and (11R,12R)-1 dia- stereoisomers have only limited antimalarial activity. @ Not surprisingly, the marketed (+)-(11S,12R)-1 and ( )- (11R,12S)-1 enantiomers exhibit fairly different pharmacoki- netic properties.[9] (@)-1 has a high affinity for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance the adenosine [*] A. H. J. Xxxxxxxx, X. Maassen, Xx. X. Tinnemans, Xx. X. Meekes, Prof. F. P. J. T. Rutjes, Xxxx. X. Vlieg Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx (MR)-guided ultrasound (USXxx Xxxxxxxxxxx) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous E-mail: xxxxxx.xxxxxx@xx.xx X.Xxxxx@xxxxxxx.xx.xx Supporting information and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADCthe ORCID identification number(s) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion for the author(s) of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was this article can be found in 63 % of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thanunder: xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1002/anie.201811289.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007/s00330Stichtelijke steekspelen Literaire programma’s op de vooroorlogse NCRV-012radio (1t25-27011t40) Xxxxxx Xxxx (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen) Stichtelijke steekspelen. Literaire programma’s op de vooroorlogse NCRV-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy radio (1925-1940) Abstract Pre-war radio programmes concerning literature are often described in terms of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society book promotion, either in the sense of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate cultural mediation or commercial publicity. This article, however, shows that book pro- grammes also functioned as cultural platforms that allowed literary debates and critical issues to be extended from their printed origins into the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % realm of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsiesnew media. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine By exploring the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % literary programmes of the PZ prostate tumoursProtestant broadcasting organisation NCRV, I will argue that, in practice, literary features did not always conform to a broadcaster’s professed ideals of disseminating culture to the listening masses. The focal vol- umes Although the NCRV’s book programmes intended to inform a broad Christian audience about (recent) works of literature, the oral reviews were significantly smaller than occasionally aimed more specifically at the total tumour vol- umes (median volume of 0.3 ml rank and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % file of the aggressive tumour components literary institutions that collaborated with the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thanProtestant broadcasting organisation. In addition, a case study of Xxxx Xxxxxxxx’x activities at the NCRV reveals that personal issues could also affect the practice of radio criticism.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007Published on 19 September 2016. Downloaded by Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen on 20/10/2017 14:52:56. ChemComm COMMUNICATION View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 12048 Received 18th August 2016, Accepted 10th September 2016 DOI: 10.1039/s00330-012-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thanc6cc06766b xxx.xxx.xxx/xxxxxxxx Speeding up Viedma ripening†

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007Published on 08 April 2014. Downloaded by Radboud University Nijmegen on 9/6/2022 9:20:18 AM. ChemComm COMMUNICATION View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 5763 Received 12th March 2014, Accepted 8th April 2014 DOI: 10.1039/s00330c4cc01861c xxx.xxx.xxx/xxxxxxxx Triphenylphosphine-012-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies catalysed amide bond formation between carboxylic acids and amines† Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society P. J. T. Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx´* Unactivated carboxylic acids and amines undergo organocatalytic Ph3P/CCl4-mediated amide bond formation by employing in situ reduction of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate triphenylphosphine oxide to triphenylphosphine in the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % presence of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous diethoxymethylsilane and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and highbis(4-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thannitrophenyl)phosphate.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007/s00330Learning to Coordinate Xxxxx xxx Xxxxxx0(✉), Xxxx Xxxxxx0, Xxxxxx Xxxx´e1, and Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx0 1 Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK xxxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx 2 Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Coordineren kun xx xxxxx — dedicated to Xxxxxx Xxxxx on the occasion of his retirement Abstract. Reo is a visual language of connectors that originated in component-012-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy based software engineering. It is a flexible and intuitive lan- guage, yet powerful and capable of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society expressing complex patterns of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis methodcom- position. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % intricacies of the PZ prostate tumourslanguage resulted in many semantic mod- els proposed for Reo, including several automata-based ones. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes (median volume In this paper, we show how to generalize a known active automata learning algorithm—Xxxxxxx’s L*—to Reo automata. We use recent cat- egorical insights on Xxxxxxx’s original algorithm to devise this general- ization, which turns out to require a change of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thanbase category.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007/s00330Mini Review Mini Review: The Last Mile—Opportunities and Challenges for Machine Learning in Digital Toxicologic Pathology Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx0 , Xxxxx Xxxxxx0 , Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx0 , Xxxxx Xxxxxxx0 , and Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx0 Toxicologic Pathology 2021, Vol. 49(4) 714-012719 ª The Author(s) 2021 Article reuse guidelines: xxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx DOI: 10.1177/0192623321990375 xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/xxxx/xxx Abstract The 2019 manuscript by the Special Interest Group on Digital Pathology and Image Analysis of the Society of Toxicologic pathology suggested that a synergism between artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies and digital toxicologic pathology would improve the daily workflow and future impact of toxicologic pathologists globally. Now 2 years later, the authors of this review consider whether, in their opinion, there is any evidence that supports that thesis. Specifically, we consider the opportunities and challenges for applying ML (the study of computer algorithms that are able to learn from example data and extrapolate the learned information to unseen data) algorithms in toxicologic pathology and how regulatory bodies are navigating this rapidly evolving field. Although we see similarities with the “Last Mile” metaphor, the weight of evidence suggests that tox- icologic pathologists should approach ML with an equal dose of skepticism and enthusiasm. There are increasing opportunities for impact in our field that leave the authors cautiously excited and optimistic. Toxicologic pathologists have the opportunity to critically evaluate ML applications with a “call-2701to-arms” mentality. Why should we be late adopters? There is ample evidence to encourage engagement, growth, and leadership in this field. Keywords artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, digital toxicologic pathology The “Last Mile” metaphor was first used by the early land-based telecommunications industry1 to describe the dif- ficulty of connecting end-user homes and businesses to the main telecommunication network. One of the main barriers was the cost of installing and maintaining this infrastructure, because it could only be amortized over 1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy subscriber, com- pared to many customers in the main trunks of image registration tools the network. Other challenges of “Last Mile” delivery included ensuring transparency with the customer; following guidelines from local, state, and federal regulatory agencies; increasing effi- ciency of the workflow; and improving infrastructure support- thoughts on early qualification and validation efforts and the challenges therein. In our opinion, and as pointed to in the 2019 Special Interest Group manuscript,3 a continued rapid growth in each of the 3 key ingredients of ML: (1) massive computer power, (2) big data and (3) inherent knowledge, has fueled accelerated use of artificial intelligence (AI) and ML in almost all areas of sci- ence. More and larger partnerships between AI scientists and medical specialties are being established, and the inference (causal and counterfactual) and probability (prediction) output ing the network. Interestingly, these 4 challenges overlap with common ones we currently face as toxicologic pathologists when confronted with the notion of applying machine learn- ing (ML)2 in the digital histopathology space. In this review, we highlight both published medical pathology examples and our personal experiences to date with ML applications in toxicologic pathology, which indicate that we are starting to overcome some of the “Last Mile” challenges. As most of us work in a highly regulated environment and are at least cau- tious about implementing new approaches or technology because of the perceived burden of qualification or Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) validation, we also share personal 1 Novartis, Novartis Institutes for targeting BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, East Hanover, NJ, USA 2 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Nonclinical Drug Safety, Ridgefield, CT, USA 3 Xxxxxxx River Laboratories, Pathology, Frederick, MD, USA 4 Diagnostic Image Analysis Group Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands 5 Xxxxxxx River Laboratories, Pathology, Ashland, OH, USA Corresponding Author: Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety-Pathology, Xxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx, XX 00000, XXX. Email: xxxxxx.xxxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx of machines are married with the high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society level decision-making and reasoning of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsieshumans at an increasing frequency. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy Yet we need to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % be cautious of the PZ prostate tumourshype surrounding all things AI. In its June 2020 edition, the Technology Quarterly of the journal The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller Economist4 states that we should be taking a “Reality Check” and consider that there are very real limita- tions to AI, naive and fallible. Is AI harder to implement than expected? Is the AI promise still greater than the total tumour vol- umes science? Are the costs and IT resources prohibitive to many? We have expe- rienced the so-called “XX Xxxxxxx” (median volume a period of 0.3 ml reduced fund- ing and 1.1 ml respectivelyinterest in AI research). To correctly grade 95 % , The Economist asks is an “AI Autumn” now coming? We also acknowledge, as did the authors of the aggressive tumour components Special Interest Group publication in 2019, that strong/general AI aiming at mimicking human capabilities remains a distant but very important philosophical idea, and that in 2021, we are still creating artificial “idiot savants”— narrow AI applications that can excel at well-bounded tasks, but make serious mistakes if faced with unexpected input. Computers do not exhibit true intelligence since they are incap- able of thought; however, they can “learn” from data and improve their performance through training on relevant exam- ples provided by experts, such as toxicologic pathologists. Based on the target registration error (TRE) authors’ experiences of developing and apply- ing ML solutions to digital histopathology data, as was the case for ML-based image analysis and stereology solutions, we feel that general adoption of ML is achievable and the potential return on investment favorable. However, ML is not a panacea and, like all scientific methods, should be smaller thanapplied when its use adds clear scientific or operational value. We currently see several application areas and opportunities for ML growth in digital toxicologic pathology: (1) abnormality detection, (2) decision support, (3) tissue lesion screening, (4) diagnostic scoring simplification, (5) counting automation, and (6) object quantification. Examples of these are shown in Figure 1 and described in the following paragraphs.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007/s00330-012-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy Journal of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Xxxxx X. X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. XxxxxxxxxxPhysics: Condensed Matter PAPER transformation and pattern formation in iron Effect of magnetism on kinetics of γ–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman Received: 6 April 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous α You may also like - Symmetries and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % exact solutions of the PZ prostate tumoursBPS Skyrme model C Xxxx, X X Xxxxx, X X Xxxxxxxx et al. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than - Amplitudes at weak coupling as polytopes in AdS5 Xxxxxx Xxxxx and Xxxxx Xxxxxxx To cite this article: X X Xxxxxxx et al 2013 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 25 135401 View the total tumour vol- umes (median volume article online for updates and enhancements. - On the renormalizability of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively)noncommutative U(1) gauge theory—an algebraic approach L C Q Xxxxx, O S Xxxxxxx, X X Xxxxxxx et al. To correctly grade 95 % This content was downloaded from IP address 195.169.221.87 on 06/05/2022 at 09:35 IOP Publishing Journal of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller thanPhysics: Condensed Matter

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx, or send a letter to: University Library Radboud University Copyright Information Point PO Box 9100 6500 HA Nijmegen You will be contacted as soon as possible. DOI 10.1007/s00330xxxx.xxx.xxx/XXXX Letter Panchromatic “Dye-012Doped” Polymer Solar Cells: From Femtosecond Energy Relays to Enhanced Photo-2701-1 UROGENITAL Simulated required accuracy of image registration tools for targeting high-grade cancer components with prostate biopsies Response Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx,†,‡ X. Xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx,‡ Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx,§ Xxxxxxx Xxxx,∥ Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxx,∥,⊥ Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxxxxx,‡,§ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx,‡ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx,§ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx,*,‡ and Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx*,† †Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PU, U.K. ‡Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, xxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy Downloaded via RADBOUD UNIV NIJMEGEN on September 5, 2022 at 09:29:48 (UTC). See xxxxx://xxxx.xxx.xxx/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. §IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Xxxxxx X. van de Ven • Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx–van de Kaa • Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxxxxx X. Huisman xx Xxxxx, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy ∥Melvile Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K. ⊥Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: There has been phenomenal effort synthesizing new low-band gap polymer hole-conductors which absorb into the near-infrared (NIR), leading to >10% efficient all-organic solar cells. However, organic light absorbers have relatively narrow bandwidths, making it challenging to obtain panchromatic absorption in a single organic semiconductor. Here, we demonstrate that (poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H- cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b0]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadia-zole)] (PCPDTBT) can be “photo-sensitized” across the whole visible spectrum by “doping” with a visible absorbing dye, the (2,2,7,7-tetrakis(3-hexyl-5-(7-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]- thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-9,9-spirobifluorene) (spiro-TBT). Through a comprehen- sive sub-12 femtosecond−nanosecond spectroscopic study, we demonstrate that extremely efficient and fast energy transfer occurs from the photoexcited spiro-TBT to the PCPDTBT, and ultrafast charge injection happens when the system is interfaced with ZnO as a prototypal electron-acceptor compound. The visible photosensitization can be effectively exploited and gives panchromatic photoresponse in prototype polymer/oxide bilayer photovoltaic diodes. This concept can be successfully adopted for tuning and optimizing the light absorption and photoresponse in a broad range of polymeric and hybrid solar cells. SECTION: Energy Conversion and Storage; Energy and Charge Transport S emiconducting polymers are attracting a growing interest as active materials for clean power generation: they offer excellent light harvesting capabilities and good charge carrier mobility.1−4 However, in contrast to inorganic absorbers, the energy bands are relatively narrow, and the low band gap polymers tend to incompletely absorb light in the visible region of the spectrum. Although this opens aesthetic possibilities for applications such as building integrated photovoltaics, it limits the overall solar light absorbed and hence the efficiency of a polymer-based solar cell.3 In addition, in contrast to inorganic absorbers, a heterojunction is required between the light absorbing polymer and an electron acceptor in order to ionize the photoinduced excitons.4−6 For all organic solar cells, panchromatic absorption is achieved by employing an electron acceptor that also absorbs visible light.7−9 However, despite significant effort on developing n-type light absorbing polymers and molecules, solar cells incorporating the (6,6)-phenyl-C70- butyric acid methyl ester (C70-PCBM),10,11 or derivatives thereof remain twice as efficient as those incorporating the next best electron acceptor. Fullerene derivatives, especially the larger molecules such as C70-PCBM, are reportedly challenging to isolate and purify and produced at a relatively low yield, and in addition, C70PCBM is limited in its own spectral width. Nanostructured hybrid architectures, where the polymer is infiltrated into a metal oxide scaffold, employ a transparent n- type oxide as the electron acceptor.12−14 For this system, the light harvesting capacity of the polymer can be enhanced by a surface adsorbed dye, as a fusion between dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic photovoltaics (OPV).12,23 However, extremely careful engineering of the interface is required to ensure good charge generation from both the dye and the polymer phases.15−20 Alternatively, in order to achieve intense panchromatic absorption from an organic system, additional dyes can be employed as “light harvesting antennas”, and transfer their captured photon energy to the organic component responsible for charge generation in the solar cell. Received: 6 April December 23, 2012 / Revised: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published onlineJanuary 15, 2013 Published: 9 November 2012 Ⓒ European Society of Radiology 2012 Abstract‌ Objectives To estimate the required spatial alignment accu- racy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnet- ic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. Methods PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotat- ed on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy speci- mens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion co- efficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinctJanuary 15, high Xxxxxxx grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. Results An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal vol- umes were significantly smaller than the total tumour vol- umes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller than2013