Dopaminergic Projections Sample Clauses

Dopaminergic Projections. In addition to the excitatory glutamatergic input from the cortex and the thalamus, the striatum receives a modulatory dopaminergic innervation from the SNc. Dopaminergic terminals synapse on the necks of spines of MSN and mediate their effects via two groups of dopamine receptors. The D1-like group includes receptors D1 and D5 and is thought to be localized to the MSN in the direct output pathway; while the D2-like group includes receptors D2, D3 and D4 and is found on the MSN that project in the indirect pathway (Xxxxxx et al., 1990). These receptors are coupled to G-protein and through the association with different G-proteins the two groups of receptors have opposite effects on cellular excitability. D1-like receptors activate adenylyl cyclase, increasing the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and producing an excitatory influence on the target. D2-like receptors directly inhibit the formation of cAMP by inhibiting the enzyme adenylate cyclase and thus produce an inhibitory effect. Dopamine facilitates cortical activation of the direct pathway and impedes activation of the indirect pathway.
Sample 1
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