Discussion and Conclusions challenges and impact on working conditions and employment – COVID update / Moderated by Diesis Network and FGB 12. 10 – 12.30 REGISTER HERE!
Discussion and Conclusions. Present-day Dutch krijgen is a verb with a rich past. In this chapter I have given a detailed overview of how it has developed from its Middle Dutch use to the present. In the 14th century, krijgen is used in intransitive, transitive and complement constructions. These uses are all highly agentive, although the transitive use of krijgen already shows different degrees of agentivity. In the 15th century, the intransitive use has become almost completely extinct. The transitive shows a sharp decrease in agentive use, a process that will continue until at least the 17th century. This change occurs similarly with an increase in the use of objects that denote subject states. The decrease in agentivity of krijgen seems to take off in this particular use, followed by abstract objects a century later. The use with concrete objects does not seem to lose its agentivity until the 17th century. In the 16th century, the use of inanimate subjects starts to increase, while the non-agentive use of transitive krijgen continues to expand. The complement use of krijgen, on the other hand, is still fully agentive. By the 17th century, the change from agentive to non-agentive seems to slow down. Most transitive use has now become non-agentive, although agentive use still lives on. Around this time, the first non-agentive complement sentences start to appear, which marks the beginning of the semi-passive. Between the 18th century and the 20th century, the transitive use of krijgen is rather stable, with only the number of inanimate subjects still increasing. During this time, the auxiliary uses of krijgen start to develop. Except for the resultative construction, these uses have a non-agentive meaning. The original agentive meaning also lives on in a restricted number of specific transitive uses. In a time span of less than 700 years, krijgen has undergone typical grammaticalization processes such as semantic bleaching and extension (e.g. Xxxxxxxx 2000b, Xxxxx & Xxxxxx 2002, Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx 2003). Bleaching has probably been triggered by the use of direct objects denoting states of the subject. While these objects were initially combined with an agentive subject, their nature allowed a less agentive interpretation. This possibly has led to a loss of subject agentivity in the local context of objects denoting states, after which the process soon spread to other objects as well. Earlier, I mentioned that the initial use of objects denoting states with agentive subjects is found...
Discussion and Conclusions. This paper analyzes the risk information campaigns familiarizing consumers with haz- ardous attributes of products and compares industry initiatives, advocating voluntary information disclosure, to labeling mandates set by the government. The efficacy of the risk information cam- paign is assessed on an example of food allergen labeling regulation that stresses the need to list on food labels the major allergens responsible for 90 percent of all food allergies. Both voluntary and mandatory allergen labeling set similar display standards designed to make the allergy warning clear and easy to comprehend. Additionally, the federal mandate banned fine prints and sets a uniform standard for positioning allergens on food labels and thus made the warnings more noticeable for consumers. I evaluate the voluntary and mandatory allergen content disclosure by looking at their im- pact on the utilization of medical services by vulnerable consumers. The central finding is that the voluntary display of the risk information is associated with a sizable increase in the demand for medical services, while mandatory warnings result in a steady decline in the number of allergic patients seeking medical help. As for the voluntary display of the allergy warnings, the number of patients diagnosed with allergies has increased on average as much as four times compared to the pre-regulation period. Since the magnitude of the effect was unexpectedly high, I additionally looked at consumers of different age groups, compared patients with food allergies to different syn- thetic control groups, and evaluated the change in the latent demand for medical services among allergic consumers. Eventually, I concluded that my result is robust to the model specification changes. These results raise a couple of interesting conclusions. First, they demonstrate that the effects of information campaigns familiarizing consumers with favorable and harmful attributes of goods are very different. According to the previous literature, the display of favorable product characteristics either benefits consumers if the message is clear enough or does not change their behavior if customers experience information overload. On the contrary, the disclosure of products’ risk characteristics might adversely affect consumers’ health if the disclosure policy is not chosen carefully. Second, consequences of the voluntary and mandatory disclosure of the risk information might differ substantially. As this study shows...
Discussion and Conclusions. The purpose of this study is to understand access to and satisfaction with telehealth in perinatal care patients residing and seeking care within the state of Georgia. A major component of this study is to understand if there are any similarities or differences in these three areas of telehealth perinatal care between rural and urban patients. As seen in Figure 3., survey respondents live all over Georgia, but tend to travel or seek care in urban locations for their perinatal health care. The survey respondents reported living in Dekalb the most, however when seeking care, Fulton County was vastly more reported than any other county of Georgia. The county where the most respondents sought perinatal care is reported as 40% more people than the county with the highest number of respondents reporting residing, suggesting that distribution of care within Georgia is not representative of the distribution of respondent residence locations. The literature tends to be mixed, as some researchers report that rural patients seek care in urban areas, while others report that rural patients access care in rural locations and will continue to do so (Improving Access to Maternal Health Care in Rural Communities, 2019b; Jolles et al., 2020). Therefore, this finding provides more evidence that in Georgia, many rural maternity care patients seek care in urban locations. The most residences in one county were in Dekalb County, with 24 interview participants residing there. However, the location with the highest number of patients seeking care was Fulton County, with 40 interviewees seeking care there. Telehealth is an important strategy to increase patients’, especially those rurally located, access to quality prenatal care (Xxxxx, et al., 2020; Xxxxxxx-Xxxx et al, 2020; Xxxxxx et al., 2016). One of the important findings of the study are that many rural patients are seeking care in urban locations, which should be further studied to understand why. Most Georgia counties do not have maternal care providers, so rural patients are further from care, which is tied to poorer health outcomes (Improving Access to Maternal Health Care in Rural Communities, 2019b; Jolles et al., 2020; Xxxxxxxxxxx et al., 2019; Xxxxx et al., 2016; Xxxxxx et al., 2016). As presented in Table 1., out of 61 patients rurally residing, only 22, so about one third of them, still sought care in rural locations. Respondents did prefer some locations that were not the closest to their residence, so this may b...
Discussion and Conclusions. The Copernicus Services and Space component requirements for in situ data in the Arctic Region have been collected and analysed. The analysis shows that although the monitoring of the Arctic in the future will rely heavily on satellite observations, it is mandatory for Copernicus to have timely access to a broad suite of in situ observation of sufficient quality and resolution in time and space. The Copernicus community has articulated clearly which variables are essential for their production line as well as their requirement for timely delivery and quality, while the resolution in time and space is still open for further clarification. The latter issue is being addressed in the Copernicus In Situ Coordination Information System (CIS2), established within the Copernicus In Situ Component led by EEA. The project group has collected a thorough, although not complete, overview of existing in situ data from the Arctic: Data already used by the Copernicus Services and Space component Data freely available at various national and international data repositories but still not used in the Copernicus production line Data with restricted availability due to institutional and/or national data policies Data collected in research projects without a data management structure enabling a free data exchange. A full overview of this data category may require further work A gap analysis has been performed by comparing the amount of existing data to the requirements for in situ data. The analysis is general in nature since a detailed gap analysis will require clear definitions of the required resolution in time and space. The analysis has identified two groups of data gaps:
Discussion and Conclusions. Grant project objectives were met. One 5th- 8th grade unit, How Much is Too Much? How Little is Too Little? was updated to include current agricultural and education concepts. This unit is comprised of eleven lessons. These lessons teach students about: plant parts and functions, soil properties, how plant nutrients affect plant growth, how to read a fertilizer label, solutes and solvents, how to identify plant nutrient deficiencies, vermicomposting, how political decisions affect people and the environment, and best management practices regarding plant nutrient management. One new resource, the Educator’s Guide to Fun With the Plant Nutrient Team was developed for use in K-3rd grade classrooms. This resource includes seven lessons that allow teachers to build upon concepts that students learn about in the Fun With the Plant Nutrient Team activity booklet. The lessons in this unit teach students about: the nutrients that plants and people need to be healthy, soil components, how plants make their own food through photosynthesis, how modern farming technology like GPS helps farmers ensure plants get the right amount of nutrients, the water cycle, which crops are suited to different climates, and how to trace the components of a meal back to plants. Both of these educational units are aligned to the most recent Content Standards for California Public Schools. Lessons are designed to engage students through hands-on activities that allow them to explore the types of activities carried out by farmers and plant scientists to produce our food and fiber while practicing environmental stewardship. After participating in the lessons, students will have a better understanding of what plant nutrients are, why they are important, and how farmers and scientists are continually improving methods to provide crops with the right plant nutrients in the right amounts, at the right time and in the right place. The lessons from each unit were pilot tested in classrooms, reviewed by experts in the plant nutrient field, and presented to teachers at workshops. Workshop participants gave overall positive reviews of the lessons as seen in the “Results” section of the report. At the time of this report, the units had only been available to teachers for less than one month. CFAITC will collect feedback from teachers once they have had ample time to implement the lessons in their classrooms. This data will be collected as part of CFAITC’s annual survey sent to thousands of teachers i...
Discussion and Conclusions. All land-based glaciers for which the terminus position was measured and shown in Table 2 in KEFJ receded from 1973 to 2002, with the exception of the Nuka Glacier (no change measured from 1986-2002) and the northern arm of the Tustumena Glacier (537 m advance from 1986-2002). Of the four tidewater glaciers listed in Table 2, two (Aialik and Northwestern) retreated, but the XxXxxxx experienced a net advance between 1973 to 2002, and the Holgate advanced from 1973-1986, but then did not change from 1986-2002. It is very difficult to compare our terminus-change measurements with those measurements by Adalgeirsdóttir et al. (1998) based on measurements made in the 1990s because all of the measurements depend upon the exact location selected on the terminus, though the trends generally agree. Measurement of the areal extent of the Xxxxxxx Icefield and the Grewingk-Yalik Glacier Complex using a supervised-classification technique, in 1973, 1986 and 2002, shows a reduction in extent of the icefields from 1986 to 2002, of 3.62% or about 78 km2, however the measurement errors are difficult to determine and may be large. The 1973 measurement is not shown due to the extreme difficulty in performing a meaningful classification of the areal extent of the icefield using the 80-m resolution MSS imagery. Possible future work Additional work could be done in the Xxxxxxx Icefield in order to perform a more thorough analysis of the glaciers in KEFJ. Shape files could be created using 15- m resolution ASTER or ETM+ (band 8) imagery. ASTER scenes were acquired free of charge (by DKH). The addition of the ASTER imagery may provide more detailed information on a few glaciers that were imaged by the ASTER, though only a few cloud-free ASTER scenes are available that are of sufficiently good quality to perform the analysis. All glaciers could be analyzed in more detail using band 8 (panchromatic band) of the ETM+ from two 2002 scenes. The advantage of the more-detailed analysis would be that shape files from future high-resolution sensors could be compared with these data providing finer detail than is possible with the 30-m resolution data. Air photos, obtained by the National Park Service in 1993 and 1994, could also be studied in detail, and shape files could be provided for some of the glacier areas using the air photos as well. For some glaciers, the terminus positions from the air photos could be compared with the terminus positions as determined from Landsat data. This wou...
Discussion and Conclusions. In the previous two chapters, it has been shown how the material composition of the codices is proof of a web of relations that encompassed these books, connecting them with different materials, regions, and people. This chapter explored the idealised next steps in the biography of these books: their use and subsequent discard. It has been shown that these books had a central place in the religious and community life of the Mesoamerican peoples. It is in this performative context that these books attained or at least reaffirmed their meaning. In communal ritual, the Mixtec historical codices afforded the creation of community by setting out the proper behaviour of the ruling couple and reaffirming community support. Communal ritual was also one of the functions of the religious documents, both in the Maya and in the Central Mexican area. But it is also clear that communal ritual requires more than just a book; it requires communal participation in certain acts. Although detail of the specifics of these rituals is outside of the scope of this work, it is clear that the use of these books connects them in a relation of mutual dependence with monumental architecture, ceremonial dress, and general ritual behaviour. Without observation of the rituals, which is encoded in it, these books become nothing more than abstract curiosities. Private consultation of these books had a different, though no less important, nature. It was aimed at resolving private or semi-private crises. Considering the nature of the topics covered in these books, the consultation of the calendar healing specialist was likely common and something that every person would have been accustomed to do. Thus, although the individual consultation may have been private, the importance of these texts was community-wide. This not only justifies the effort it would have taken to make one of these books, but also the construction of semi-private spaces that would have allowed the calendar specialist to work in peace. Whether any of the spaces shown in this chapter actually were the stage of use of any codex cannot be known. They are, however, spaces that would afford the use of specific types of texts. As with any used product, at some point it becomes worn out. As was shown in the previous two chapters, some of the materials used in the creation process of these books make them rather fragile. Thus, the codices can be shown to have a continued dependence on proper care and repair. The codices that hav...
Discussion and Conclusions. In this study, results are in good agreement with previous studies [2-4]. Wrist-worn activity trackers were unable to provide accurate measures for steps, energy expenditure and heart rate. FO outperformed wrist-worn trackers to count steps because it is placed on the waist and closer to the centre of mass. Despite the large absolute measurement errors, we observed strong correlations between trackers, and with GS, indicating consistency and good relative agreement. In conclusion, activity trackers in their current format, because of their good correlation to GS, might be valuable to understand trends in activity and behaviour in healthy individuals. This work provides the opportunity to derive reliable quantitative measures able to robustly describe these observations and to explore new applications to these activity trackers.
Discussion and Conclusions. The assessment of Ki-67 index by FCM in canine lymphoma may represent a valuable alternative to the IHC evaluation since - it is faster and non-invasive as it does not require a surgical procedure; - being an automated count, the operator- dependent bias are minimal; For each case, Ki-67 index was also assessed immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. By FCM, 10x103 cells were categorized. By IHC, a manual count was performed in five 400x fields, without knowledge of FCM results. With FCM CYTOLOGY Case No. 8 Case No. 23 Case No. 1 - it allows to assess concurrently the immunophenotype of the proliferating cells; - the number of analysed cells is consistently higher than the one assessed immuno- histochemically. Due to the above reasons, FCM might prove both methods, Ki-67 index was expressed as percentage of positive tumor cells. Results IHC Twenty-nine dogs were included in the study. There were 11 males and 18 females; the DiffQuick®, 1000x DiffQuick®, 1000x DiffQuick®, 1000x Ki67 Ki67
