CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT. The Subrecipient agrees to comply with the provisions of the Flood Disaster Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4001, et seq.) and regulations pursuant to it.
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT. History of Beluga Whale Hunting in Cook Inlet 15
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT. History of Beluga Whale Hunting in Cook Inlet Throughout the Cook Inlet basin and specifically in Knik Arm and the Kenai River, archeological research has found items both from the Xxxx’xxx Athabaskan and historic Eskimo cultures. The Pacific Eskimos occupied Cook Inlet as late as between A.D. 1000 - 1500 (Xxxxxxxx, 1975). The Xxxx’ina2, also called the Tanaina, is one of the Athabaskan peoples of Alaska that live in the Cook Inlet region. The Xxxx’xxx moved to the Cook Inlet area to escape the harsher extremes of the interior (Xxxxxxxxxx, 1985). Historically the Xxxx’xxx Indians lived in an area that extended around Cook Inlet and inland, west to Iliamna Lake and Lake Xxxxx, north to the Devil’s Canyon in the Susitna River and the Matanuska River drainage, east to the Kenai Mountains, and south to Kachemak Bay. Unique among Alaskan Athabaskan people, the 2Russian scholars recorded the word Xxxx’xxx with an initial “t,” often spelling it “Tnana”. Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx used the spelling “Tanaina” in his 1937 ethnology. The spelling Xxxx’xxx is the modern orthography (the apostrophe is the glottal stop). This word means ‘the people’ and is cognate with the Navajo term dine’ of the same meaning (Xxxxxxxx, 1975). Xxxx’xxx live along the Pacific Ocean and exploited the marine resources, as well as lake, riverine, and interior environments. The good climate and constant supply of adequate food made it possible for the Xxxx’xxx to live in semi-sedentary villages throughout the Cook Inlet region. The Xxxx’xxx seasonally crossed the Inlet in skin covered single- or double-holed kayaks and the larger open boat, the badi, that resembled the Eskimo umiak. In Knik and Turnagain Arms, with the dangerous bore tides, the Xxxx’xxx rarely traveled far by boat. The Xxxx’xxx originally learned how to make and use both types of boats from their Eskimo neighbors (Xxxxxxxx, 1975). Cook Inlet offered a rich supply of marine resources such as beluga whales, sea lions, seals, porpoise, and sea otter that fed on salmon, eulachon, xxxxxxx, cod, halibut, and shellfish. The Xxxx’xxx did not xxxx the larger whales, as it was said that they lacked the proper magic to kill them (Xxxxxxxx, 1975). Instead this meat was obtained by trade. However, if they found a beached whale, it was used.
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT. CCC agrees to comply with the provisions of the Flood Disaster Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4001, et seq.) (24 CFR 570.605) and regulations pursuant to it.
