Cover Shifts. Where an existing Employee is unable to work their contracted permanent shifts due to leave/absence or there is a current open shift vacancy, a ‘cover shift’ requirement may be created. Such cover shifts shall be offered to existing Employees at the Employer’s discretion. The Employee leading the relevant shift shall contact Employees with the appropriate qualification to identify willingness to work. The Employee is under no obligation to pick up, or work, any such cover shifts. Such shifts are not permanent shifts unless a variation to the Employee’s fixed shifts is agreed and confirmed in writing by the Employer and Employee. Except for specified circumstances (including but not limited to Parental Leave, ACC, extended sick or annual leave or extended Leave Without Pay or in active recruitment for a period not less than 2 months), existing Employees will be offered such shifts as fixed shifts after four months of consistent cover provided the Employee meets the qualifications requirements.
Cover Shifts. Where an existing Employee is unable to work their contracted permanent shifts due to leave/absence, a ‘cover shift’ requirement shall be created. Such cover shifts shall be offered to existing Employees, either permanent fixed hours of work Employees or Casual Employees, at the Employer’s discretion. The Employee leading the relevant shift shall call Employees with the appropriate qualification to identify willingness to work. The Employee is under no obligation to pick up, or work, any such cover shifts.
Cover Shifts. Overlapping Cooperation Areas Enlarging cooperation areas solves the problem only partly. Even a more aggressive expansion will not really help, as there will be always UEs at the cooperation area borders. The border areas are large as compared to the center area due to geometry. As illustrated in Figure 5.3 for “Cover shift 1”, the red UEs having their legs in two adjacent cooperation areas will suffer from strong inter-cooperation area interference. For that reason we propose overlapping cooperation areas – here called cover shifts. Cooperation between different sites is set up differently in different orthogonal resources like frequency bands or time slots. This allows the eNBs to schedule UEs into their best fitting cover shift, being the one with the highest number of strongest cells for this UE. It can be shown that with 6 cover shifts, all CA edge UEs in one particular cover shift can be re- scheduled into the cooperation area center of another cover shift. This concept therefore allows the system to serve almost all UEs user-centric, i.e. from cooperation areas that include at least their 3 strongest cells.15 For the LTE Advanced case 1 in [3GPPTR1], a very promising CoMP penetration rate of about 90% can then be achieved. Partial Reporting Enlarging cooperation areas is not for free. It will increase the number of downlink channels, here denoted channel components (CC), per cooperation area. This generates quite some overhead for CSI estimation and reporting. For that reason, it is proposed to restrict reporting/prediction to the Np strongest out of N CCs in the cooperation area or, alternatively, to report only CCs with powers above a threshold, as in Appendix A2-5 and Appendix A5-1. The coordinating unit then sets the unreported CCs to zero as the best guess, but in a robust precoder design it still uses an uncertainty estimate for missing CCs, see Appendix A2-2. As a result of neglecting channel components, there will be precoding errors leading to some intra CA interference, but this can be kept small as the unreported CCs are per definition small 14 From a theoretical point of view, one can analyze the optimum cooperation area size based on the useful cooperation range Ru per UE. Here, Ru is defined as the radius of an area around the UE containing cells that – if being part of the cooperation area - potentially contribute to the UE performance while the further gain by adding cells outside Ru will with probability Pu be ≤ u. As we are inter...
Cover Shifts. Overlapping Cooperation Areas Enlarging cooperation areas solves the problem only partly. Even a more aggressive expansion will not really help, as there will be always UEs at the cooperation area borders. The border areas are large as compared to the center area due to geometry. As illustrated in Figure 5.3 for “Cover shift 1”, the red UEs having their legs in two adjacent cooperation areas will suffer from strong inter-cooperation area interference. For that reason we propose overlapping cooperation areas – here called cover shifts. Cooperation between different sites is set up differently in different orthogonal resources like frequency bands or time slots. This allows the eNBs to schedule UEs into their best fitting cover shift, being the one with the highest number of strongest cells for this UE. It can be shown that with 6 cover shifts, all CA edge UEs in one particular cover shift can be re- scheduled into the cooperation area center of another cover shift. This concept therefore allows the system to serve almost all UEs user-centric, i.e. from cooperation areas that include at least their 3 strongest cells.15 For the LTE Advanced case 1 in [3GPPTR1], a very promising CoMP penetration rate of about 90% can then be achieved.
