Adipose tissue Sample Clauses

Adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the main fat storage site. It has been considered as a suitable representative of long-term dietary intake of fat because it has a slow turnover time in weight stable subjects, which is about 1.5 years (Strawford et al. 2004). In healthy adults, adipose tissue consists approximately of 99% TAG, 0.3% cholesterol, and less than 0.1% phospholipid (PL) (Xxxxxx et al. 2008). The major fatty acids in adipose tissue are oleic acid (18:1n-9; 37.0-49.7 mol%), palmitic acid (16:0; 18.1-23.5 mol%), LA (18:2n-6; 8.6-24.9 mol%), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7; 4.5-10.1 mol%), stearic acid (18:0; 2.6-4.7 mol%) and a very low proportion of very LC-PUFA (<1 mol%). There are some difference in composition between different adipose tissue sites with high proportions of MUFA in subcutaneous fat and lower proportion of SFA compared with abdominal fat, especially perirenal fat, but they lack any differences in the distribution of LA (Xxxxxx et al. 2008). Six studies, investigated the composition of human adipose tissue as reliable biomarker of dietary fat intake, were found. All studies analyzed fatty acid composition of human tissues by gas chromatography (GC) and dietary assessment by FFQ. Among these, one study measured habitual fish intake by analyzing marine LC n-3 PUFA composition of adipose tissue only (Xxxxxxxxx et al. 1995); one study measured TFA only (Xxxxxxx et al. 2004); two studies measured ALA and the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (Xxxxxx et al. 2003; Xxxxxx et al. 2008). Two further studies were conducted to investigate the reliability of adipose tissue as biomarker for a range of fatty acids (Xxxxxx et al. 2002; Xxxxx et al. 2009). All six studies investigating human adipose tissue indicated that its composition reflects that of dietary fat intake as assessed by FFQ. It has been shown in case-control studies on Australian cohorts that adipose tissue TFA composition is significantly associated with the intake of TFA from the diet (18:1n-9, r=0.66, 18:1n-10, r=0.66) (Xxxxxxx et al. 2004). Another interesting point is that when TFA were removed from the margarine in mid-1996, levels of TFA (18:1n-9 and 18:1n-11) were higher in cases biopsied before mid-1996 (P< 0.03, P< 0.001 respectively). This study concluded that TFA in the diet correlated with adipose tissue TFA (18:1n-9 and 18:1n-10) indicating that adipose tissue is a good biomarker of dietary TFA intake (Xxxxxxx et al. 2004). An initial study in Costa Rica found lower levels of ...
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