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b+ X0XX0X0XXx0x0X’ 0xX0'X X0X0XXx0Xxx

XXXXXXXX : rêves et réalités

Tome II

M61ŭ6 ň6,,z%,z,z%1-P1M+,,++,,+ P˛˛1˛˛1˚˚˚˚ дŒ9д

(Association Cambodge-Asie France - 2012)

1ň51MJ6J (ŭT’ỸTTC""19

9 д

61ăJňJň1

-61ăJň1 t

-P116˛ňG1 S

-N˚Y1˚Fñ+6 9S

- 6FY1ŭ6GJJ%%J%J%qq1qq1 1TM’’’’ «6"""11"""1ň5» YJJ9JJ9

XxXXXXXx««Y««Y´´´´ “Y GN¸¸?¸?¸?PEY tS

Le marxisme et la révolution prolétarienne

%˚b,ň S ? t,*6ň(ňFb+ F.+9FN+&¨1 Se

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ŭJßNỸ&1 FYt%˚Y1Y’ 1TT FN9 M˚1XY - ň11ňM191TT M1E11N1ñ£ (T%161YJă,

ň6,z%1 -P˚b+(ň,6M16ŭ + T9 TF9+ădN (TFŭ66+ t - P˚b+(ň,6M16ŭ +T9 XX0 xxxX (XXx00x д YJ9 6+ 9 - T1JT6PY«1%1ăJ “Y M(9 16 XXxxx,0(XX0Xx0x,%0 0X00 P˛1˚ 9S S-9SSS - M1Yŭ1b(TF6Mň6z,%1 FYt P˛1˚ 9SSд - 1ñ£1ŭJßN FN1ň t1Y’ M - ă(6,C “Yň11Ỹ(T(T˛N M1Yŭ1bYFC1ßC FYtP˛1˚ 9SSt - ň11Ỹă9ă1˚9 FN1ň N,˜Y ỸMY %1Y1Cň1ñ£6(Y+« “Y 1TT M1E11N1ñ£(T %161YJă,ň6,z%1 FYt“G 9S 6ň11 P˛1˚ 9SSe

- 1,,T,Tŭ1b6˛˛CC˛˛CF6)ă “Y M(9 11 16 Sc

La guerre par d'autres moyens

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“G 9 F6M1 - ň11TF9+ ă1ñ£TñJGă« 1TM’ Ỹ&1(ňN6 - ň11ŭ,MG1MỸ&5TY‚1ă’

YFC1ßCF(ňt(TF6M 1TM’ Ỹ&1(ňN6 - ň11FßMM˚P1ă «%YňJă’» FYtň˛,9

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t S

“T""NJY Fñ1C b˛ň T"",N băFYt“G дд ă,N1P˛1˚ 9SSS - ň11GJGă«YFPz1*F6t1ň ň11T@xT’M(9 16“d‚ň˛,9 FYtP˛1˚9SSS- ỸdYň11MYJ«ŭ1b 0XX’ XX0x xx0X0x Xx,XXX0

- XxxxxxXxxXxXxX’’F’FM1++ŭ+ŭ1b 9 e

Les ennemis de la Liberté

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9SSt

- «FNJ++ň+ňttň» дS9

La fable du loup

%˚b,ň 99 : FPz1*F6t1ň 1TT «ŭNTň5Ỹă6˛C» дSд

ỸdYň11(ňT&

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e c

- «P˛ň˛ň66˛˛N˛N6ăˆˆňˆˆň tде

Les héritiers

P˚b+1TTFMñ£ňJtx “Y (TF6Mň6z,%1 FYtň˛,91C?FbN е MăGă51´ňY¨96ň - Xxx 0XXx Xx000 XXxxx,0x00XxXX&xXx -M1Yŭ1bM9 6 YJ9 FMñ£ňJtx “Y

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@ňJFbtY´ ỸñNF(T+ ň˛,9MJň51ňG1FY* ă(6,GF61ă16 GtY1Y,(ň6Ỹ&1 ỸñN

ň1ă’F61MPă+ăF6Ỹ&1(ňN6- ň11T,ňM1,T (b

J«ň11N(TGă«JM1(M«Ỹ&1 ă1˚9b+ Xx0

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x00xXxx0Xx0x 0XxX 0xx x) Xx,X 0X0X?X0'X0xXXxX ỸñNT@uGY« (T%1EJT FăCJỸ&1 ßYTF9+ ăFYtP˛1˚ 9SSc ă16ỸTTT6ß11˚9 FN+CỸñN61Y Ỹ&51C?TY« 1N,ă ñN’P˛1˚ 9Sc (tNY1 F&61C1Yň6 YJ9 6Jă«ŭ1bbJFMM %16˛C(TF6M

tJY ň,6,CYJM« F6""tYJC6) ßY(ă,Gßă’TYJ«t6«95 PM’F6tGJO %1TY«TY‚1T’ 1N,ă

ñN’P˛1˚ 9S Œ-9S e√ FYtň˛,91C?FbN e P˛1˚ “Y 1TTM1E11N1ñ£Ỹ&1 ň11YJC6 XXXX0xXXxX0XX0x xXXXX0xXXX&x*0 ă161C?P˛ňFt*ŭ1M1ß11˚9 M‚1ă’%˚Y1O T,ň1˛6%16˛C XxxXx*x0X0X0’XxxXx0 X","XX« b+P˛1˚ 9S x 0x 0XX X","X xx ßY d«1t’Ỹ&51C?P˛ňFt*ñ9X M9ỸăPM’1N+9 FN+C P˛ňMN’b+ň11ň1T’M6¨1T’ ßYY1˚

ŭ˛1F6t(%ňFň1Y FYt T1F6M %1bJFMM FYt(TF6Mß11˚9 √ XXxxx,0x00Xx*XXx0x Xx0x 0XX XxxX0 0x0X’X,x«XX00 ỸñN%1 ň5(ă6˛CP9 Ỹñ1FY1* ßYFñ+1ă˛Y16+6˛C ñ´M˚&1Y’ TỸY6b+FN+ň6GJE+ YFC1ßC 1TM’ ŭNTň5 (T%1EJTFăCJ √ 6JY˛YC' &00XXxXX* x xX@x0x’XXXxX x0Xx0X0 0X0X?X0XXXX0 MJăFYt%1T’ %1YJtxň˛,9

S 9Œ

P116N´ 1TM’(T%1%Yň´bJăỸ6Y Ỹă6Y‚6FY1* ň11t9’ßYC,ăJ«E6ˆ YJ9 MJ6FM1ŭ1b &,MỸTňb+¨ FM)GFŭt (TGăM1(M««J “Y (TF6Mň6%1z, ỸñN%1 ň11N1ă

FYtň,˛9t˚FN16C,G%YỸñNF1)YFYtă16GJ6J1N

ň´61Y&¨1˚9NM’Ỹñ1x XxxXxXXx*

(xx00 P˚b+ ñ˚FN+1 %1TY«TY‚1T’ “Y (bXă«Jň11N´ (TGă«JM1(M« (étude factuelle)

FE8+KFŭCN’G1 &˛¨YFŭ%1P˛ň «61YT,NJ» %1P˛ňă˚N19(b*d(Y‚1EJ11% FYtỸă61Y d6JbNF6tFN+(T%1%YñỸñN√ YFC1ßCTYCň11Ft*ñ9X YJ9 ň11TJ6 ß˚96JYK

M 1N’ ăGŭ1bM9 6 YJ9 G&¢Yŭ1b Ỹd˛ň6M5YGJ%q1 XXxxx,0xXxxXX0x xXX,x X,X X0xxX xxxx’Xx«x xxX@*XxxxXxX0xXxX0x0%0xXX0 XX0«XxxXxXXx«x,0x,XXXX« XxX0x0

YJC6»√ FY*%1d,¨GỸTň6˛C (TňTFñ1CF(ŭ1*G˛1ň’ ň,˛9ň11Y1˚ (TF6M FPz1*F6t1ň ň111+ňtF(6+Y (ŭT’GJM'C (accroissement des difficultés d’insertion du pays dans le monde moderne)√ T6bJFM1EY´ 1TM’(T%1%YFñ+6 XXxXX0xxX0X00Xx xXX@x0x’ X""00xX0X’X,X X(x0*Xx0x’FY* F(@* G1%1ň1191C(M˛N M(61T’K P˛ň

M,TJY YJ9 ň11bJă %1ň11MJň51M9 6M1(M«x x0%0x00XXx0xXxXXxxxX0xXXxXx0X x00Xx “X XX0X0X0(X« x,x%0 d1JC1TG TFN«1C&˛¨YFE8+P8+ ă16FŭG9 ă16ň11

T˚d,MT˚d,Nŭ˚YJăFd595 FYtň,˛96%fñ£1Y t ň,˛9M9 66˛C (mimétisme) t ň11

ň˚Nă’ F%1ŭG1MY1&¨˛Y ă16ň11ă(6,G 1TM’ 6Y,M5ŭ1ŭF(t+Y FYtň,˛9M9 6%1Fñ+6

(effets d’agrégation)x xx,x,xXX* x,x%0 x00X0xxx0X(%xXX0xX0,&0X0 Ỹă6˛C x,x xx0 Xx0Xx X0xX0x0x x00(Xxxx(XỸ%9ŭ˛1Fñ1CdăF6ă«1 FbOM9 661˚96,N FN+C

ỸñN%1ňă«1 ñ´M˚&1Y’ “Y ň11ßă’T9’6,&GJ%q1%+G?Fd595F6)ă YJ9 ň11Fň+Yt˚Y˛Y P˛ň ŭ1YP1%+bFYtň˛,9M9 6√ T@uă«J (concepts) XxXXxx 0X00 d1JC1TG M(6T&¨˛Y

ỸñN61YGJ6J1M1(M« YJ9 TFtxňGJ%q1&zM’ (b661˚9T@uă

(concepts) YFC1ßC

ă161FT)T1M’FYt “Y M9 6 (conformisme) YJ9 ň11Æ¨1ăFtOb+ 1FT)T1TT

ỸñNỸdňF6tFN+ GJt11N@u1N YJ96JY˛YCGJ6J1M1(M« P1t%J*%1Y’YX9M9 ă’M9 1MFYtỸñN’ FŭßYňNă˚ ’ (déviance) ňßY´ (ăGCň6, ňP*T,¨ @19M˚x 96Ỹ&1 6Y6X‚

Xxx(XXx00x0xX x

xxXxX00X%xXXX X0xXXxx0x0x0Xxx00XX? YJ9 F6tFN+ň11n9P1N

Y9ň11t,N1˛6t˚ỸNň tň116JYt,N1˛6t˚ỸNň 1TM’(T%1%Y(consensus et rejet)

1TM’ bb˛ňF6G t˚F@*G1MY1 1TM’ &˛¨YFŭ6˛1ň’5 √ FYtň˛,9(TGă«JM1(M« “Y (TF6M XxXX&x XxXX0 x XXxXX0 x0X«XX0X0X0(X« YJ9 6M5YGJ%q1G+5 ßYCňn˛* F6t FN+%˚FYĄ61˚9.1C ỸñNŭ1Y6,Nñ£1Y √ ă161C?ň11Ft*ñX961˚9FY1* XxXX’XXxX X0 x0 0X,X0X0 ỸñN ň˚Nă’F%1ŭG1MY1 1TM’ 6Y,M5%1ăJ √ T",ỸY«FYtň˛,9Y'C

ň˛,9YFC1ßC t 6FY1ŭ6GJ%q1 ỸñNb˛ňG1%Y (les élites) ßYCň6ňñXňY1˚M9 6 d9Ỹñ1√ ň11MJň51M9 6M1(M«6JYP1tň1ă’d«1t’FtOb+ň11MJň51FMñ£ňJtx(Pareto) YJ9 (T%1M1(M« ßYF6 √ FT+FC19ă16 ň11ỸT9Ỹtň 1TM’ ß11˚9 Y1GJ6J1M9 6

YJ9 GTJE6ˆ (anthropologie sociale et culturelle) b˚,61YP8+&,MỸT¨ňb+ %1ăJbY

ñỸñNFY* XXxxxx0X,X0@Xxx* x

xx00x0XX*XXxX XxXxXxX0xxXxxXX0x√

GJ6J1 (ethnologie) F6 ň´T""ỸY« &,Mb+%1ăJbYGJ6J1 6,&GJ%q1 Y1GJ6J1FY* 61Y 6˚Y1ň’

FNă,ñ,Ft˛*FN+C ßY%16Y

YX9 X&xXx0x Xx(x,X00XxxXXx0X,X0X0x %0Xx0X00xx0

6˚Y9%JăM˛J6 YX9 M9 6GJ6J1%19 √ M9 6GJ6J1Fň+ăF.+9FYtMăGă51´ 6+ 9S Fñ+6J+

d9F6)ă√ FT+b,˚ñ,Ft˛*F6 ň111+ňtF(6+Y ň´b,˚,61YYCP8+Ỹx0 x0 x,x@xX0xXXx0 0XX’ 0","0XxXx,Xxx*Ỹñ1 % «GJ6J1M1(M«ỸñNŭ1Y6YMJň1 ŭ9 (ŭ1Y’Ỹă%1 ň111N1C M1T

M,YJ “Y tJă«ŭ˚YJă 2ă«6ŭăJ ỸăT"",FN¸1*» («science sans conscience n’est que

ruine de l’âme») √

TFbO FMtň«+(ă,Gň11 “Y ň11GJŭ1ŭM9 6M6C6˚FY+T F(ň1CTñJGă«Y´ YFC1ßC YJ9 2M51Nň6 √ Fŭ1Nň11N´%1ăJbYGJ6J1 ỸñNM(61T’F(T+ň,˛9ň11GJŭ1ŭ «M9 6

&˛1ăă,t» b˚,P1tCň6ňF(T+ M(61T’ ň11MJň51M9 6ỸñNň˚b,9GJGă« ßY61˚9PM’ F6√ FNă,ñ,Ft˛*FN+C ßY%1&>˚,FE+8ň11MJň51M9 6M1(M«GJOF(@* x0x0xxXx0x 0Xxx 0x %0xXXXXxxXx0x 0XX M9 6Ỹ&1 b,˚Ỹ6Y%1M9 6ỸñNFYt(6X96˛CňỸY¨9F.+C

99 9д

T","ỸY« ỸñNGJN ă16ßă,ŭ,ă t(ňtNY1 (cyclique) Fñ1C ň6¨1˚9 tNň1 GTJE6ˆ b,˚61Y’P¨9d,ă ñ˚N1ň’ň11M˚&1Y’5 “Y ň11GJGă«Y´ 9 √ F61*%1C""19N1ň«+ XxXX0 x

XXxXX0 t˚F@* %1ăJbYGJ6J1 ň´ ñ,t%1 t˚F@* M9 6GJ6J1 ň11MJň51 1tY1M6z'Y (structure) YJ9ň11JCň6 (fonction) YJ9 ň11GJŭ1ŭ(ňXăJ(ň6 ỸñNň˚Nă’Mň6 ŭ1bň,˛9M9 6 %1ňJtxň11ñ´M˚&1Y’T˚d,ă√ M9 6GJ6J1 61YỸTTT6F(t+YC""19 FT+ŭJă

b+ GJE+M1(M« YJ9Fŭ1NFñtFd595 “Y GJ6J1M1(M«FY*√ FT+YJC1Cb+ň11ňFň+ăF.+9

1TM’G1 ŭt1T’Fd+«6 b+MJň51ňG1 «FN&ŭNxXXX0xC» 1TM’ FMñx£G+6, P9’

Fŭ¨M GJN¨16 FT""6+ (Essais d’arithmétique politique de W. Xxxxx, 9cдt-9cS ) FYtMăGx00x0x 0 XX0 0x 0X xx ă1119bNˆY1 1TM’ C"",N1Y-b+Ỹ61 MM˜,

F6)NM´ (Tableaux descriptifs de Xxxxxx-Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, 9 Œ -9 c ) b+ xXXxX0(X«X0 0 0XX’ x,0&'0XX (mathématique sociale de Xxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxxxx, 9 St-9 SS ) √ T,""ỸY« FŭP1tYJC1CßYG1 ň11GJŭ1ŭM9 6 ă16

ỸTTT6M9 6GJ6J1 t1T’Fd+«661Y6ň ă1˚9b+6"",9FăMŭ+FC+ (Xxxxxxxxxxx, 9cSS- 9 ee) YJ9 X00’-X00x’ 0,X0, (J.J. Xxxxxxxx, 9 9д-9 X) x Ỹ6YỸ6YF6t M9 6GJ6J1M6'C6˚FY+T 61Y6,Nñ£1Y 1TM’G1ă161C? P,N, M ň,9 YJ9 F&ĄňF&6

(Xxxxxxxx, 0XxS-9S9 )√ M9 6GJ%q1 b,˚P1tFtOd,ăb+6M5Y? 1TM’ 6M5Y GJ6,F6 (Saint-Simon, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx) XN+C ň´ 6JYP1td«0x’XxOb+ GJ6J1M1(M« FMñ£ňJtx (Pareto) YJ9 (T%1M1(M«ßYỸñ1 (Xxxxxx Xxxxx, X. Xxxxxxxx, D. Riesman, Stoetzel ) √ M9 6GJ6,&¨* FE+8ň11MJň51 P˚b+ M9 6 (T%1 EJTFăCJỸñNb,˚FtO6ňb+TñJGă«Y´ G1C1˚N˚ b˛ňGN¸?PŭJ%Y (les démocraties

qui ne sont pas xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxns, dont l’abolition de l’aristocratie)

x,x%0 XX0xx X0X00Xx %1Fñ+6 (Alexis de Tocqueville) FN+CM9 6GJ6,&¨*F6)ă ñ,t%1 6""1N+N,GM (Malinowski) %1Fñ+6FEň118+ Mň51J Pbñ+˚ ˚FN1ň11M96 + Y9J T@˛1 ỸñNFE+8K11˚9M‚* ñ˚FN+1ň11FY1* F(@*FŭCN’G1 M9 6 61YMJ1ŭ1b(ŭT’

(ŭ1Y’ 0XXX(X(XxXX.xX x ,xxx00x 000Xx ‚* 6CFbN˛ 5 Ỹă9ỸăGNJ X0x0xXx0x

0 X,X, X x,0 (Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, 0 SS-9Se ) ň˚N1ă’G1ň11GJGă«Y´ 61Y P1C,ň1N t ŭ9 P1C,ň1N F6G%˚FYX (xxe théologique) P1C,ň1N T16ă t

Fñ+6GJO (fonctionnaxxxxx)x X,""ỸY« Ỹ61ă,Y (R.K. Merton) YJ9 M9 6GJ6,Fd595 F6)ă ñ,t%1 ă1N’ň,ă ß""1M,Y (Talcott Parsons) ỸñN%1P˛ňň11JCYJC6 (fon- ctionnalistes) Ỹñ1FY1* ň´6JYCN’(MTY96M5Y?ň11JCYJC6 (analyse fonction-

P1,T+ (métaphysique ou abstrait) YJ9 P1C,ň1N GJ%q61Y (état positif) √

nelle) ỸTTFY*61˚9(M,9GN1Ỹñ1√ 1+G 6M5Y? 1tY1M6

-ň11JCň11 (analyse

P1C,ň1N T16ă t P1,T+ 61YT˛YC""19 ŭ9 9) FC19ă166M5Y? 1TM’ Mz+N,M˛1 ỸñNCN’G1 FM1+ŭ1bT,ŭ N 61YPăJŭ1b 1TM’G1 FYtň,˛9E6%1ăJ - д) «(b*» %1

structurelle fonctionnelle) 1TM’ Ỹ61ă,Y ň´b,˚ßY(ă,GFŭ1J*ŭY’Ỹñ1 F61*T+FŭCN’ G1 M9 6 t MN«1T’E˛1T’M9 6 61Y ň11Ỹ(T(T˛N%1YJtx FN+C 6M5Y? 1TM’

XxxxxXx’ XX0xX0xx0x (Descartes, 9eSc-9c9ceŒ) - t) 6M5Y?1,TE1ă

Ỹ61ă,Y FYtỸăn1FYtFN+ T@uă

«GJNF6t1ňă,NJŭ1b “YMN«1T’E˛1T’M9 6Y9X

YJC6 (maté-rialisme) x00x00xXXX’ 0XX’ &xx00"," (Xxxxxxx, 0 0x-0 SS) -

S) ň11GJŭ1ŭ ỸñNn1FYtFN+ GJt11N@u1N ă16ň11x(0,X 0XX’ 6M5YGJ6, Y1MăGă51´ 6+ 9Sx XX‚0X’0x xxX0x’x0XXX%x00X 1TM’ P,N, M ň,9 (Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, 9 SS- 9Se ) ỸñNỸdňF6tFN+ ň11Cňň11MY˛Jñ£1Y F6tbJFM1Eň,˛9

G N’Ỹă6˛CñỸñN»√ t˚F@*M9 6GJ6,6˛Ct˚Y˛Y TñJGă«Y(ŭ1Y’Ỹă%1 «F(ŭ1*G˛1ň’» %1

“tñYJ6˛C T","FN¸1*T,""ỸY« M9 6GJ6, %1F(t+YF6)ă CN’G1 TñJGă«Y´ %1(ňJăJ(ň6 “Y M9 6Y+6˛C5 F(@*FŭßYFÆ+OG1 ň11GJGă«Y´ F6t1ň MN«1T’E˛1T’G+5 61Y%1 P tJ“(Y«C´ F61*%1Y1˚F6t1ň ň11(tT,ň(tTN’ň´Fñ1C √ (TGă«JM1(M« %1M˛1“ñ 1TM’

ăGŭ1b√

6Y,M5 ŭ

JYỸ6Y%1 PY‚?1TM’ bb˛ňF6G ŭ9 P˛ňỸñNMJăFYtF(ňt6,ň¸FM1ň 1TM’

6Y,M5FY1*F6 √ 6,ň¸FG6Y1 1TM’ 6Y,M5 %1 (Tŭb “Y TñJGă«Y´ FN+C6M5YGJ%q1 ỸñNd,MFtOb+ň11CN’ñ9X b+ 6,NFNă, “Y 6,ň¸FG6Y1FY1* %1ňă«16˛C ñ´M˚&1Y’

réalistes) F.+C√ GJtJ(ăň161˚9T+Y1ň’FY* %1P˛ňỸñNßYFT+ňd,¨GGJt(ăň6 M6'C6˚FY+TFPz1*F6t1ň ň11M1ňNJ9ỸM891ň 6M5Y?CN’ñX9 P˚b+ ăGŭ1b Ỹ6Y

“Y TñJGă«Y´ t ň11Ỹ(TT˛NMN«1T’E˛1T’ “Y ň111M’FYt F61* %16M5Y?FY1* b,˚61Y

Ỹ6Y “YbJŭbFN1ňM1%1G

F.+9GJO (reconstruction mentale du réel) √

Nň¸N?(ŭT’(ŭ1Y’M(61T’ňM19M9 6G+ň´Fñ1C√ ỸăFY*%1ñ˚FN+1 “Y(TGă«JM1(M« ỸñNŭ1YM9 6N16˛C P1tFŭtd,ăFY1*F6 FN+ňỸN9ỸăM9 6 ỸñNTJ6%JăM¨,9 6JY K61Y6M5Y?G+5 t,N6ňßY√ T","ỸY«M9 6ỸTTFY* ň´6JYP1t Fŭtd,ă

b+ň11d«1t’&˛¨YFtOb+ b+ŭbFN1ňỸñ1 FN+CFYt6+T˚d,ă X0(x,XX0 0X0X0X0)x ỸñN 61YF(T)T %19 M9 ă’M9J Y ñỸñN%1ñỸñN FT+ M9 6FY1* b˚,d,‚*&¨˛YG9FY1*F6

(implosion) F(@*%1M9 6ỸñNŭ1YP8+ ỸñN(TF6M GF6)ăFŭ61Y FN+CỸñN

C,G%YỸă9Ỹăt9’ ßYỸñ1FY1* ñ,t%1 FM1+ŭ1b%1Fñ+6√ FYtP91"",T %1bJFMM FYt (TF6Mß11˚9 t1T’ă1˚9 xxXx0x 0XXX 0x XX0x0X0X? 00X x00X(X(XxX0X,x

F(b1* ň11ỸM891ňMtxE6ˆ 6M5YGJ%q1 (vérité philosophique) Ft*Ỹă61YTY«

dă61Yñ1t’ √ FN1ň6M5Y? ỸñNFŭßYỸNY1˚ KFC+9M 1N’ ă161C?ňG+ P˛ňYJbY YJ9 ă166M5YGJ%q1 X0XX0 X0X0 61Yň00X(X(XxX%0YJtx √ ă1˚9b+

tNY1N,8GJM (fauvisme), FN+CF(ň1C6ňtNY1«6M5YYJC6» (expression- nisme : Dongen, Dairan, Vlaminck) ỸM891ň ăGŭ1bbJŭbFN1ň Fñ1C t1T’ Fd+«6 xx0X0X?x‚0X’ 0XX’XXxX(xx0x xXX0 ŭ,CT+˜M (cubisme : Xxxxxxx, Braque) ỸT1 F6t1ňň11ň1ă’ ăGŭ1b %1T¨9’F1&1ŭNJă 6˚N˚T+ ŭ9TFN«1C 66X9

YJ9 %F(6t FN+C ñ1ň’T@x,NF6tň˛,9N˚N√ GJtJ(ăň1&¨*ỸñN%1M1Gň “XxXX0 XX0Xx«0,XXXX0 (symbolisme) ñ,t%16,""1"," (Xxxxxx, 9 SŒ-9Ѕсд) 199ñ,9 (Redon, 9ЅSŒ-9S9с) t ŭ+¨6 (Klimt, 9Ѕсд-9S9Ѕ) 6JYCN’X0 XX@x0X00x0(xx

X0xX0xX0x0xx00XX’x0X b+ ăGŭ1b xXX0 x x0xxXxXXX0*0xXXxX XxX X(x00x0xXxX 0XX’ x0’&XXX + (Xxxxxxxxx, 9Ѕсс-9SSS) 6""1.G9 Xx( Xxxxxxxxx, 0X X-0Xxx) x,Xx0 (Xxxxx, 0X 9-9Se ) GJtJ(ăň6 P1,T+

(peinture abstraite ou non-figura-tive) ßYt1T’TñJMYJ√ XXxx,x0XXXXx,0Xx(X«x

x,Xx0XXx X 0XxX. 0x XxxXx0X0 XxXxx0,X FN+C GJN%,˚GJO (b*P16JăJ √

G""1ň’ỸY1 (Xxxxxx, 9Ѕ9t-9ЅЅt) 6,M51M

(Moussorgski, 9ЅtS-9ЅЅ9)

N 1N+F. ßYFE+8K 6,Nñ£1Y6M5YGJ%q1 1TM’ P11+M,«ă 1N˚1N1CPM’√ t1T’ă1˚9

6""1ỸX0 (Xxxxxx, 9ЅсŒ-9S99) YJ9 F&T,M5

(Debussy, 9Ѕсд-9S9Ѕ)

b+t,9MăGă51´ 6+ 9S 6ň FŭCN’ň1Y’ỸăßYtJ1M’ P˚b+P1Gˆň˚ß˚9 1TM’6Y,M5

%1bJFMM M,YỸT

(Musique sérielle ou dodécaphonique de Schönberg,

FN+C61˚9ňG+ 61˚9GJtJ(ăň1 YJ96M5YGJ6, FŭY1˚ŭ˛1 ỸM89CN’P˚b+ %F(6t “Y bJŭbFN1ň ŭ9 6JY66˛NCň6M5Y?t1M’ ỸñNT9˛1O Ỹă1,T119ỸñNFC+9FÆ+O

9Ѕ S-9Se9) ßY 1˚Fñ1*ă,1Jă(Y+« FtO1˛tb+ 1FT)T 1TM’ ßň’ (Bach, 9сЅe-

9 eŒ) ỸñN%1ỸTTT6ŭ˚1, Ỹă6˛Cŭă’ XXxX00 "",X (x’xxxxxxxx) x XXxXx0x 0XX

ă16tň,¸GJ@u1NFY1*F.+C (les apparences)√ 6""J19F6)ă ňJtxň11FY*ßYň¨1CF6t

6M5YGJ6, YJ9 ŭNJăGJ6,P9’Fŭ¨M N5'ň T,N

(Xxxxxx Xxxxx, 9Ѕ9e-9ЅсS)

%1ŭ11ňJtx 1TM’P˛ňGă1,T (photographes) GJO F6tFN+C √ GJtJ(ăň1 FMN51Y (Cézanne, 9ЅtS-9SŒс) X""0X’ XX 0x (Xxx Xxxx, 0Xxx- 0XXX) YJ9 N, N 1˚9 (Gauguin, 9ЅSЅ-9SŒt) 6JYCN’(MT YX9 tň¸,YJ6JăY´ (visions) 1TM’TN«1GJtJ(ăň1 P116N´YJC6 (les impressionnistes) YJ9(ßňñYJC6(les

ßY M1ňNJ9TF9+ ă b+%ŭNJă6˛˛ỸTT (L’analyse mathématique de la logique, 9SS ) ỸñNP1tCňF6tFE+8%1 x0X0 XxX XXxxx,0XXXXXx000 X0)x “Y GJ6J1M1(M« √ F61*T+ FYtP˛1˚ 9ЅeS FN1ň ßY%˛T Y9X ň11&8*&1ă%1F(t+Y

Fñ+6J+n1Y XxXxX’ Xx0XXxx xx XxXX0XX*x«x xx xx%xXXx 0XX’XX0x

9e 9с

%1ň11t1T’Fd«+66˛Cñ´M˚&1Y’M(61T’ň11GJŭ1ŭFd595 FYtň˛,9 GJM

GJ6J1M1(M«&¨*

6YM56ň(ă6ň11,@uŭ1b 1TM’Fŭ√ Y+ă5 CN’G1 ŭ(ŭXM«M1MY1FY*FN+C ỸñN

FYt MăGă51´ 6+ дŒ Ỹñ1 %1bJFMM %16,Nñ£1Y ñ´M˚&1Y’ M(61T’ň11(M1G(%1G ăň GJ6J1 XX0xXXxX0(X« 0XX’ X(X0X0 (Frege, 9SSS- 9Ѕде) YJ9 ỸT˜1(ă9

1,ỸM5N (Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, 9S д-9Ѕ Œ)√

Xxx0XxXX’XxXxX0X’ b+ Nň¸N? “Y (băX J«ň11N´ ỸñNFň+ă61YF.+9 FYt

MăGă51´ 6+ 9Ѕ YJ9 6+ дŒ Fŭ(ă,Gñ9G1 6M5YGJ%q1 1TM’6"1ň5 (le marxisme) 6˛Ct˚ỸNň FN+C6˛Ct˚ỸNňF6)ă 6M5YGJ%q16˛Ct˚Y˛YF6)ă ỸñN&,Mb+ 6M5Y GJ%q1 1TM’ 6""1ň5 ñ,t%1 6M5YGJ%q1 1TM’ Y+ă5 (le nietzschéisme) %1Fñ+6 ßY

%*d6JbNF61FN+ P˛ňFt*ñX9C""19&¨1˚9ň¨1√ T,""ỸY«Fñ+6J+Cň6M5YGJ%q161˚9b+1 (TFŭ6

ßYFE8+6Y,M5t,*F&51Cßă’G16bNỸ6YỸ6Y 1TM’&˛¨YPM’ FN+CM+NE6ˆ (1TM’ (ŭ «M1MY1) %1 M+NE6ˆ P1NJăP1M,1YJC6 1TM’ P˛ňF&51CỸăT"",FN¸1*√

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1TM’ 6Y,M5 (le devenir : «deviens ce que tu es», volonté de puissance ou volonté vers la puissance › wille zur Matcht) √ 6M5Y? 1TM’ Y+ă5 ßY(ă,G Fŭt1ă’6,ňG1%16M5YGJ%q1 «dăY'CYJC6Mň6» (le nihilisme actif) √ Y+ă56JY

FY*F6tF(T+ ň,˛9Fŭ1NFñt (TC,6 XXX0xX XxxXX0xxx0 XXx0x00Xx(X0X&,Xx

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0X0XXX%x0 0XX’ Xxx0 (Xxxxxxxxx) xx(x,XXxXxX0xXx(X0X&,X ñ,tŭ˛1P,+t9X

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6M5YGJ%q1 dăYCYJC6 (le nihilisme) ỸñN6Y,M5PM’M9ƒ6C""19&¨1˚9 ň1N FT+ñ9G1 bJŭFN1ňŭ1Y(b*(ŭT’(ŭ9 YJ9 %˛CCňP1M1 6Y,M5FN1ň√ 6M5YGJ%q1 1TM’ P˛ňdăYCYJC6 P1tY1˚F6t1ňŭ1bPY1EJTFăCJ√ T,""ỸY«t˚F@* Y+ă5 6Y,M5

(ă,GGJNF6t1ň ăGŭ1bFñ+6 (6,Y(ŭMX «M1MY1) GJO F@Nŭ9 %+GJăbJă(ßňñ

(«l’éternel retour» YJ9 «volonté de puissance») ŭ9 ň11Fñ+1KN˛Mb+ ň11T(9˛6

PMň6» (nihilisme passif) F(@*FN1ňCN’G1 %1ň11Y1˚F6t1ňŭ1bt,*ñ,Yñ1T “Y TMxJ6FN1ň√ FN1ň 6JYCN’(MT Y911N’6M5YGJ%q1 ỸñNb˚,(b666˛NCň

%+GJă FN+CỸñNY1˚K6Y,M5 t,*F&51C√ 6M5YGJ%q1FY* ỸñNt1T’Fd+«6b+ň11CN’

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Xxxxxx), x00,X (Xxxxxx Xxxxx), Xx,0x,X (Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx), N0,xx (Xxxxx

Gide), P1Ỹñ¨1 (X. Xxxxx) X,0 (Xxxx Xxxx) “XxXX 1 (Xxxxxxxxx), 6""1N’0"",

(Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx), G1N’F.1+, (Xxxxxx ) 6""0X’ (Xxxxxx Xxxx), (N8C (Xxxxx

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9 9S

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YJC6 (hégélianisme) ỸñNň˚b,9FbOYJC6 Ỹă6«9 √

N˚Y˚Y1˚˚F˚Fñ++6++6

t1T’ă1˚9b+6M5Gă51´ 0XxX 0x (XXX00XX0xX&x0xX(x,XXx*x,0xx00X√ ŭ%1FN+ňñ˚T,9FN+CỸñNT@uGY«Ỹ&1M6'C6˚FY+T ßYTF@xOM˛1“ñ1TM’Xx x Xxx 00x0XX* X,0xỸăßYMJň51FYtM1N1 ỸñNß11˚9 ßYTF9 +ăFYt(M,ňỸ&1√ M1N1 (b*M+,M,GăJỸñNßY(ă,GTF9 +ăFYtP˛1˚ 9S t ßYň¨1CF6t%1GJ6J1NCM+,M,GăJ FYt P˛1˚ 9Stt FN+C %1%(6ň 1TM’ P˛ň(TP1˚9 Y9X 1ñ£P˚N1t√ PY1ŭăT@uGY«Ỹ&1 M˚&1Y’5F(t+Y ỸăFtOb+GJ6J1NCFY*√ M1N161˚9FY* ßYFT+ňd¨,GKP˛ňỸñNßY T@xT’6EJ6MJň51 P1tF6t TY«GJ%q12ă«6MJň51 FYt6+(ň,9N1N,C YJ9 FYt(M,ň

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d¨1M’T,«1M1T'YñXňY1˚ ßY(T(bXă«F6t Fñ1Cŭ1Yň11(TP1˚9P8+ %1ñ˚,ň˚ŭ˛Y F(ňtb+6˚Y1M’

9S дŒ

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ň11MJň51P˚b+M9 6Ỹ&1 ă16GJE+M1(M« %1ăJbYGJ6J1 (ethnologie) b˚,P1t61Y

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(Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx, 9Ѕ9c-9Ѕcд) ßYCňň,9MJT XX*0xXXx0 XXX0Xx0x

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MJM5M1N1 ß11˚9-Ỹ&1 &,ñ1 &.1FF(ŭ (École Doudart de Lagrée) YJ9 PY,

GJ6J1NC' M+,M,GăJ ßYM1FM1 (TFN16FN1ň6˛C 00XxxX0X%x0X0 X,x0ă √

д Concepts de Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx : Formation et domination de l’élite du pouvoir dans la société américaine, le pouvoir institutionnel, …

t M1FM1 %1Pň¸11GJ1,6 Ttx,TJY˛ ? FNJ+ňb+(M,ň“(bYŭ1 F6t6+(ň,9ß11˚9FMM FYt

6+ă1˚9ă, √ M,6P1Y 61N+T6Pň51MJNJỸ&1MăGă5 6+ дŒ 1TM’FN1ň Æ+9 N,ň

&+ 6˚b'1 еЅ√

дд

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%1 Le Cid 1TM’ ňG+ ß11˚9ň'1N+, Sans famille 1TM’ FNt6'1 6""1., %1Fñ+6√

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Pă+ăMJM5 PY,GJ6J1N

M+,M,GăJ 6˛1ň’F6)ă Fn1* Y, N1t (9S9c-9S e)

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b+1FY* F(ň161,Tŭ1b“Y F1Ą9FM˛N1%1 (TFN16FN1ňM9 6M1(M« ñ´M˚&1Y’ ỸñN

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P,¨*T@q1˚9M9 6Ỹ&1FYtň˛,911%JN˛¨9 6,Y+G95 YJ9Fñ+61%qň1N N˛¨9 YF11ă«6 XxXX,x

XX0x X"",x XX0 x0*x00 C,G%Y Y

FMñ£+ ă161C? XXxx«xXXxX0 0X00 C,%Y

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9S M,6P1Y Xxxxx Xxxxx : Le Cambodge et ses difficultés d’insertion dans le monde moderne, un siècle d’Histoire sociale et politique, 1998.

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Le marxisme

et la révolution prolétarienne

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Les révolutions les plus célèbres dans le monde

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La confusion de la victoire des Khmers rouges Le 7 avril 1975

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Pol Pot face aux problèmes

qui se posent après le 17 Avril 1975

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La création d'un Etat révolutionnaire par les Khmers rouges

t S

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Esquisse de la ligne politique extérieure des Khmers rouges

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Les purges de 1975-1977

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Développement des relations entre Le Kampuchée démocratique et la République Populaire de Chine

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ňJtxFYtň6z,%1 T"",N bă ßYFM+˛M %Y˛˚ CFC1E1tYJ Fñ6JG1C6T6N’’++ X0x00

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00XXxxX?x,*xX(@x0X &,ME6ă1√ 1+G T,""N bă 61YFMtň«+M9fX6F(t+Y F6tFN+ň6¨1˚9 1TM’ tJY ň,˛9ň11(TC,6 ă6N’ YX9FG)ăN16√ ň11bJă tJY ň´61Y

ň11OFO+ă XXx0x X,XX)xXx0 XXx0x X,XX)x XxX%0XỸ9ň ñ´61˚ 1TM’XX)x

Xx0xx00Xx XXxx,x0 0XX

Ỹ&1(ňN6 FYtP˛1˚ 9S S

La situation interne du régime khmer rouge en 1978

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6,& YX9 6,1J˛ň5d9 YX9 ň11T*Fß1ň˛,9(TF6Md9 FN+C(ă,G6T’6N’ Y

ň96b'

6+T˚d,ă XXx0x X,XX)x xXXX(0x%xXXX)xX00 XX0X0xXx 0XX Ỹ&1(ňN6

ñ´&¨1˚9 6NJ61 1TM’FG)ăN16 d9F6)ă √ FYt“G c 6ň11P˛1˚ 9S S ň96'b Ỹ&1

Ỹă6«9 TY‚1T’b+Ỹ&1(ňN6 ßYT@,qY P9 ŭ1bFC1E1ă,t5 ỸñN61Yŭ˛1 (T61N д

(ňN6 ßYFE+8ň11G1C(TN11 ăTă Y

ň96bFG)ăN16 Fñ1Ct,N F6tň˛,9ỸñYñ+

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X"",X xx xXXX(0xx«0x’0xX0x’0xX00,,x %16˛C 6+(ň,9N1N,C FYtt,9Ỹ&E,˛P˛1˚FY1*

(TF6MFG)ă N16Ỹă6«9 √ 6+(ň,9N1N,C ßYT@q1K ň96'b1TM’Xx xxXX

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XX XX

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F6tt1T’P˛ň61˚9

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ỸG6F6)ă√ FYtň˛,9%˛1P˛ňTñJGă«YỸ&1 ŭ1b(tT,ň(tTN’6˛C ßYFň+ăF.+9 % TY‚1T’b+

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“d‚ ň,˛96˛Cñ´E˚%19Fŭ √ Ỹ&1(ňN6 YJ9 Ỹ&1(ňN6 ßYň1T’M6¨1T’ŭ˛1G9 Fñ1C dă(ă1(TN+√ FY*%1Mň+¸ň66˛CỸñNT@q1ň’G1 1TTỸ&1(ňN6 ßYn1Y6ňñN’ 6+PGM1YFYt6+T˚d,ăx Xx00xx XX«0X0xỸăb+ ň116JY6,ňtJă«ŭ˛1F6tGJOF6t6ňỸñ1 √ C""19N16JO 6+PGM1Y “Y 1TT6˛C ň´ TN«1N6ň b+ň11ßă’6˚Y,ňtJă«F6tFN+ x00

xxXx’00x0x YFC1ßC YJ9 F6tFN+ P˛ňñXňY1˚Ỹñ1√

ň11n1Y F6t1ň 6+PGM1Y “Y 1TT Ỹ&1(ňN6

Vers la fin du régime khmer rouge

FYtFbNỸñN 1TT ň6z,%1(T%1EJTFăCJ1TM’ Ỹ&1(ňN6t1T’Fd«+6 ñX9&˛¨Y C""19tJ1M’G1 6+(ň,9N1N,C ßY X(x)0XxxX?%0X(Xx Xxx0XxX0X(XX00 0x

FN+&˛¨Y T,""N bă ň´ă1˚9 &Jă&˚M8*ỸX00 0xXỸ9ň %1TY‚1Y’ √ FYtň,˛9(ňT&N˛ “Y YFC1ßCG+FY* ŭN(TăJŭ,T1F6M %1F(t+Y ßY6ňFE+8 6M5YňJtx FYtň6,z%1 ñ,t%1 ŭN?(TăJŭ,(TF6M ŭ,61 (TF6M6""1F.M,+ (TF6M“G (TF6M1,6""1Y+ YJ9(TF6M C,FN 1M¨1G,+ %1Fñ+6 x xX (XxXx, “XXx0x,0x,XXXX« “X(XX0X%0Xxx00Xx« %1F(t+Y

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S9 Sд

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&˛¨Yň«+ x x0x0xxXxX0,X00x X,""X xx Xx0XxX0xXX0 t9’N,TT˚ßă’ Y,G Pă+ă ň1NFY* ỸñN6JYM'ň«JM6 YJ9 ŭ,N,Tň11 1TM’TñJGă«Y´ “Y GN¸?PEY√ T"",N bă

t9’CňF(T)T F6tFN+P˛ňTñJGă«Fd595F6)ă ñNM,6Ỹă%1P˛ň61YM@u1T(ă(ŭ1ň’5 6ňb+(TF6Mß11˚9 ŭMň¸+ŭ1b ỸñNT@q1ň’G1 %1P˛ňỸñN61YT,b8MJJ6J ň˛,9M9 6

(TE1Yŭ,6J YJ9ŭN?ă˚TY’%1F(t+Y ßY(ă,G T"",N bă t1T’ CňF6tM6¨1T’Ft1N Fñ+6J+CňP˛ňG+6ň%˚Y˛M√ P˛ňỸñN61Y6,&Y16+M˚&1Y’5 1J*1ň(ŭT’6FEJ1ßC Fñ+6J+ 61ň’61OP116N´ K(TF6M E˚5 t,N6ňFE8+PY«11ŭ6Yx X0X0xXx 0XXFY* Ft1NỸă

6«9√ FYtỸ&E˛, Xx0x 0X X Xxxx0XXx X0X00Xx д 0,X x0 XX0x(Xx XXXxXx0XXx

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bă ßY(ă,GFŭM6¨1T’Ft1NFYtň˛,9ŭ1b 6˛Cñ´P1Gˆň˚ß˚9 0x0,XXXx,x,xXXxX 0X,x 0xxX’Xx0“GFY* √ FYtFbNỸñN FYtň˛,9(TF6M61˚96,N ň11T*Fß11TM’ ň61ŭJ ßN Ỹ&1(ňN6 ßYd,‚*F.+9 ň96bFG)ăN16 ň´t1T’Fd«+6 FE8+ň11G1C(TN11d9 Ỹñ1√ FYt“G д E˛, P˛1˚ 9S S FY1* 1NMJ1J(TP19YX9 T,""N bă ň´ ßY(ă,GTF9 +ă

t1M’√ ŭ9P˛ň(TFŭ6t,9F(ň1CFY*FN+C ỸñNT,"

bă T9˚¸KňM19&˛¨YF.+9GJO

F.+9F(ň16ň11ñňY1˚ 1TM’ Pă+ăň61ŭJßNỸ&1(ňN6 Fn1* FN9 M˚1XY YJ9 %1

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dă61Yň11ŭ

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(ňN6 ň1Y’Ỹă61YNň¸N?tJ1M’F6t5 F61*T+ P˛ňñňY1˚6˛Ct˚Y˛Y &˚N1ň’T˚ß˚9&˛¨Y X""00 X0xx«x XxxXxX(x,X X,""X bă Fň1*FNt6«95 61Yň11ŭJăŭCăň 61FN+C&¨* ň´ M6¨1T’&˛¨YFñ+6J+FŭtKd,ă b+611,Nň6 ñ´ỸMYFG6Y1 ñ,t%1Cň F6tñ1ň’FYtň,˛9 6,6˛C ỸñN1ňFñňň´b,˚ßY P9 ,Cň´b,˚ßY n1ň´b,˚ßY %1Fñ+6√ 611,Nň6 ỸTTFY* Ỹ&1b,˚ỸñNF(T+61N’ỸăFM1* F61*FYtň,˛9 M6'Cň1N N1 ň´Fñ1C √ ň˛,96˛C“G5

1TT T"",N bă FYtň˛,9(69’(61C6˛C ñ´E˚MF6J+6PMx11J Fñ1CF(T+ M6˛11FC1E1 ñ´

6˚FY+T5 d9F6)ă√

St SS

(bXă«Jň11N´ M˚&1Y’5 FYt P˛1˚ 9S S

FYt M6'C 1TT Ỹ&1(ňN6

Quelques événements révélateurs en 1978

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L'invasion vietnamienne en 1978-1979

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Lutte politique entre la Chine et le Viet nam en 1979

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Les rapports de forces entre les Grandes Puissances

дŒ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx : Prisonnier des Khmers rouges, Hachette, Paris, 1986

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Le Front anti-vietnamien

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д9 Revue « Politique étrangère » n° 4 , Hiver 1989 : Le Cambodge

dans la guerre.Un article de Xxxxx Xxxxxx intitulé : Le Cambodge et les Grandes Puissances, p. 639, IFRI, Paris, 1989.

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La guerre par d’autres moyens

L'étau

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La nouvelle phase du Parti

populaire révolutionnaire du Kampuchéa

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Le refus du régime de l'Etat du Cambodge

de souscrire au Plan du cadre des Accords des CinqGrands du Conseil de Sécurité de l'O.N.U.

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Le retour des anciens dirigeants dans le nouveau contexte politique : la mise

au rancart des démocrates et des royalistes au profit des ex-communistes

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politique extérieure des années 60

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Les illusions politiques

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les premières élections libres organisées par l'O.N.U. en 1993

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