tough test definition
tough test. , which means picking cases that are most-likely and least-likely crucial for a theory, I picked cases independent of whether they were successful in mobilisation or not. I define success in regard to mobilisation not by whether SMOs achieved their protest objective (e.g. an increase of wages), but by whether they managed to mobilise people for protest or not. By making sure that selected cases include the whole variation of the dependent variable, I safeguarded myself against confirmation bias which often mars small-N case studies that exclude deviant cases.