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Human subject is defined in the regulation as \"a living individual about whom an investigator (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains data through intervention or interaction with the individual or identifiable private information.\" The regulation extends to the use of human organs, tissues, and body fluids from individually identifiable human subjects as well as to graphic, written, or recorded information derived from individually identifiable human subjects. The regulation also specifies additional protection for certain classes of human research involving fetuses, pregnant women, human in vitro fertilization, and prisoners. However, the regulation exempts certain categories of research involving human subjects which normally involve little or no risk. The exemptions are listed in 45 CFR Part 46.101(b). 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