July 1, 2021 The Putnam Funds 100 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Ladies and Gentlemen:

July 1, 2021

The ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

Ladies and Gentlemen:

▇▇▇▇▇▇ Investment Management, LLC (“PIM”) hereby contractually agrees, as of the date hereof, with

respect to the funds specified below or in Schedule A, Schedule B, or Schedule C, to waive fees and

reimburse certain expenses in the manner provided below:


1.	Other expenses.
	a.	▇▇▇ agrees to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of each open-end fund listed on
		Schedule A and each variable trust fund listed on Schedule B to the extent necessary to
		limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes,
		investment-related expenses (including borrowing costs, i.e., short selling and lines of
		credit costs), extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and payments under
		the fund’s investor servicing contract, the fund’s investment management contract
		(including any applicable performance-based upward or downward adjustment to a fund’s
		base management fee), and the fund’s distribution plans, to an annual (measured on a fiscal
		year basis) rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets. This contractual waiver will
		remain in effect for a fund through the expiration of one year following the effective date
		of the next annual update of the fund’s registration statement.
	b.	▇▇▇ agrees to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Asset Allocation
		Equity Fund to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive
		of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses (including borrowing costs, i.e.,
		short selling and lines of credit costs), extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and
		expenses, and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, the fund’s investment
		management contract, and the fund’s distribution plans, to an annual (measured on a fiscal
		year basis) rate of 0.02% of the fund’s average net assets. This contractual waiver will
		remain in effect through the expiration of the one-year period following the effective date
		of the next annual update of the fund’s registration statement.

2.	Fund-specific expense limitations.
	a.	As set forth in the table below, ▇▇▇ agrees to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of
		each fund set forth below to the extent that the total annual fund operating expenses for the
		fund -- exclusive of payments under the fund’s distribution plans, any applicable
		performance-based upward or downward adjustment to the fund’s base management fee,
		brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses (including borrowing costs, i.e.,
		short selling and lines of credit costs), extraordinary expenses, and acquired fund fees and


			expenses – would exceed the specified rate through the specified date, which is the
			expiration of the one-year period following the effective date of the next annual update of
			each fund’s registration statement:



Fund	Proposed Contractual	Expiration
	Limitation on Total
	Fund Operating
	Expenses
▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Emerging Markets Equity Fund	1.09%	April 30, 2023
▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Multi-Asset Absolute Return Fund	0.90%	April 30, 2023
▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Mortgage Securities Fund	0.50%	April 30, 2023


		b.	As set forth in the table below, ▇▇▇ agrees to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of
			each fund set forth below to the extent that the total annual fund operating expenses for the
			fund – exclusive of payments under the fund’s distribution plans, payments under the
			fund’s investor servicing contract, any applicable performance-based upward or downward
			adjustment to the fund’s base management fee, brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-
			related expenses (including borrowing costs, i.e., short selling and lines of credit costs),
			extraordinary expenses, and acquired fund fees and expenses – would exceed the specified
			rate through the specified date, which is the expiration of the one-year period following the
			effective date of the next post-effective amendment of each fund’s registration statement:



Fund	Proposed Contractual	Expiration
	Limitation on Total
	Fund Operating
	Expenses
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund	0.70%	Sept. 30, 2022
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Emerging Markets Equity Fund	0.78%	December 30,
		2022
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Global Income Trust	0.43%	February 28,
		2023
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Income Fund	0.33%	Feb. 28, 2023
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Intermediate-Term Municipal Income	0.52%	March 30, 2023
Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mortgage Opportunities Fund	0.46%	September 30,
		2022
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Ultra Short Duration Income Fund	0.24%	Nov. 30, 2022
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Short-Term Municipal Income Fund	0.28%	March 30, 2023


	3.	▇▇▇▇▇▇ Short Term Investment Fund. ▇▇▇ agrees to waive the contractual management fee of
		0.25% for ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Short Term Investment Fund through November 30, 2022, the expiration of the
		one-year period following the effective date of the next update of the fund’s registration statement.

	4.	▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Focused International Equity Fund. ▇▇▇ agrees to waive 5 basis points of the
		contractual management fee payable by ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Focused International Equity Fund through


		April 30, 2023, the expiration of the one-year period following the effective date of the next annual
		update of the fund’s registration statement.


	5.	Target Date Funds.


		a.	RetirementReady Funds: ▇▇▇ agrees to (1) waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of each
			▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady Fund, in an amount equal to the fund’s “acquired fund fees and
			expenses” and (2) waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of each class of shares specified below
			of each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady Fund in an amount sufficient to result in total annual fund
			operating expenses for each share class of the fund – exclusive of payments under the fund’s
			distribution plan, brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses (including borrowing
			costs, i.e., short selling and lines of credit costs), and extraordinary expenses – that equal the
			amount specified in the table below of the fund’s average net assets attributable to each such
			class. Each of these contractual waivers will remain in effect through the date that is three
			years after the effective date of the next annual update of each fund’s registration statement
			(except for ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady® 2060 Fund, which will remain in effect through the date
			that is ten years after the effective date of the next annual update of the fund’s registration
			statement).



	*Share Class*	*Net Total* *Expense*
		*Ratio Cap*
	Class A	0.65%
	Class B	0.65%
	Class C	0.65%
	Class R	0.80%
	Class R3	0.80%
	Class R4	0.80%
	Class R5	0.65%
	Class R6	0.55%
	Class Y	0.65%


		b.	Retirement Advantage Funds: ▇▇▇ agrees to (1) waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of
			each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage Fund in an amount equal to each fund’s “acquired
			fund fees and expenses” and (2) waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of each class of
			shares specified below of each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage Fund in an amount sufficient
			to result in total annual fund operating expenses for each class of each fund – exclusive of
			payments under the fund’s distribution plan, brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related
			expenses (including borrowing costs, i.e., short selling and lines of credit costs), and
			extraordinary expenses – that equal the amount specified in the table below of the fund’s
			average net assets attributable to each such class. Each of these contractual waivers will
			remain in effect through the date that is three years after the effective date of the next annual
			update of each fund’s registration statement.



	*Share Class*	*Net Total* *Expense*
		*Ratio Cap*
	Class A	0.55%
	Class C	0.55%
	Class R	0.70%
	Class R3	0.70%



	Class R4	0.70%
	Class R5	0.55%
	Class R6	0.45%
	Class Y	0.55%

Effective July 1, 2021, this contractual undertaking supersedes any prior contractual expense limitation

provisions between PIM and the funds. This undertaking shall be binding upon any successors and

assignees of PIM.

A copy of the Declaration of Trust (including any amendments thereto) of each of The ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds is on

file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this

instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees of each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Fund as trustees and not individually and

that the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers

or shareholders individually, but binding only upon the assets and property of each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Fund with

respect to its obligations under this instrument. Furthermore, notice is given that the assets and liabilities

of each series of each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Fund that is a series company are separate and distinct and that the obligations

of or arising out of this instrument are several and not joint or joint and several and are binding only on the

assets of each series with respect to its obligations under this instrument. Each fund is acting on its own

behalf separately from all of the other investment companies and not jointly or jointly and severally with

any of the other investment companies.


	Very truly yours,

	▇▇▇▇▇▇ INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

	By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇__________
		▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
		Vice President and Chief Legal Officer


Agreed and accepted by each ▇▇▇▇▇▇ fund listed on Schedule A,
Schedule B and Schedule C

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇_______________

	▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
	Executive Vice President, Principal
	Executive Officer, and Compliance Liaison

Schedule A


▇▇▇▇▇▇ California Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Convertible Securities Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Diversified Income Trust
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Asset Allocation Funds
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Asset Allocation Balanced Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Asset Allocation Conservative Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Asset Allocation Growth Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Income Strategies Portfolio
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Focused International Equity Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds Trust
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Emerging Markets Equity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Fixed Income Absolute Return Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Floating Rate Income Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Focused Equity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Global Technology Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Intermediate-Term Municipal Income Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ International Value Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mortgage Opportunities Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Multi-Asset Absolute Return Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Multi-Cap Core Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Short Duration Bond Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Short-Term Municipal Income Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Small Cap Growth Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Ultra Short Duration Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Balanced Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Global Health Care Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Global Income Trust
▇▇▇▇▇▇ High Yield Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ International Equity Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Investment Funds
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Government Money Market Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Growth Opportunities Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ International Capital Opportunities Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ PanAgora Risk Parity Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Research Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Small Cap Value Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Sustainable Future Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Large Cap Value Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Money Market Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mortgage Securities Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ New York Tax Exempt Income Fund


▇▇▇▇▇▇ Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Sustainable Leaders Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Tax Exempt Income Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Tax-Free Income Trust
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Strategic Intermediate Municipal Fund
	-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Tax-Free High Yield Fund

Schedule B


▇▇▇▇▇▇ Variable Trust

	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Diversified Income Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Emerging Markets Equity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Focused International Equity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Balanced Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Global Asset Allocation Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Global Health Care Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Government Money Market Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Growth Opportunities Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT High Yield Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Income Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT International Equity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT International Value Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Large Cap Value Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Mortgage Securities Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Multi-Asset Absolute Return Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Multi-Cap Core Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Research Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Small Cap Growth Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Small Cap Value Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Sustainable Future Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ VT Sustainable Leaders Fund

Schedule C

Other Funds Subject to Expense Limitations


▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds Trust
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Dynamic Asset Allocation Equity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Short Term Investment Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Target Date Funds
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady Maturity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2065 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2060 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2055 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2050 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2045 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2040 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2035 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2030 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ RetirementReady 2025 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage Maturity Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2065 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2060 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2055 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2050 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2045 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2040 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2035 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2030 Fund
	- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Retirement Advantage 2025 Fund

July 1, 2021 The Putnam Funds 100 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Ladies and Gentlemen:

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