COLLABORATION and license AGREEMENT

Exhibit 10.21

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE ATYR PHARMA, INC. HAS DETERMINED THE INFORMATION (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO ATYR PHARMA, INC. IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

This COLLABORATION AND LICENSE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of January 6, 2020 (the “Effective Date”), is entered into by and between aTyr Pharma, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“aTyr”), and KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of Japan (“Kyorin”). aTyr and Kyorin are referred to in this Agreement individually as a “Party” and collectively as the “Parties”.

RECITALS:

WHEREAS, aTyr is a biotherapeutics company engaged in the discovery and development of innovative medicines based on novel immunological pathways, including ATYR1923, a selective modulator of Neuropilin-2 in development to treat interstitial lung diseases (“ILD”);

WHEREAS, Kyorin and its Affiliates, as defined herein, possess expertise in developing, marketing and selling pharmaceutical products; and

WHEREAS, aTyr and Kyorin desire to collaborate to Develop and Commercialize the Licensed Products in the Field (as such capitalized terms are defined herein), as more fully described in this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants herein contained, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

1.DEFINITIONS

Unless specifically set forth to the contrary herein, the following terms, whether used in the singular or plural, will have the respective meanings set forth below:

1.1.“Accounting Standards” means GAAP, as generally and consistently applied throughout the Party’s organization. Each Party will promptly notify the other in the event that it changes the Accounting Standards pursuant to which its records are maintained; provided, however, that each Party may only use internationally recognized accounting principles (e.g. IFRS, GAAP, etc.).

1.2.“Acquirer” means, collectively, the Third Party referenced in the definition of Change of Control (Section 1.27) and such Third Party’s Affiliates, other than the applicable Party in the definition of Change of Control and such Party’s Affiliates, determined as of immediately prior to the closing of such Change of Control.

1.3.“Additional Development Activities” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4.1.

1.4.“Additional Development Proposal” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4.1.

1.5.“Additional Indication” means an ILD Indication other than the Lead Indication.

1.6.“Affiliate” means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person. For purposes of this Agreement, a Person will be deemed to control another Person if it owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of the equity securities of such other Person entitled to vote in the election of directors (or, in the case that such

other Person is not a corporation, for the election of the corresponding managing authority), or otherwise has the power to direct the management and policies of such other Person. The Parties acknowledge that in the case of certain entities organized under the laws of certain countries outside the United States, the maximum percentage ownership permitted by Law for a foreign investor may be less than fifty percent (50%), and that in such case such lower percentage will be substituted in the preceding sentence, provided that such foreign investor has the power to direct the management and policies of such entity. For clarity, a Person may be or become an Affiliate of another Person and may cease to be an Affiliate of such Person, in each case, during the Term.

1.7.“Alliance Manager” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

1.8.“Annual Net Sales” mean Net Sales recorded in a given Calendar Year.

1.9.“ATYR1923” means the molecule described on a schedule to the Letter Agreement.

1.10.“aTyr Affiliate” means Pangu Biopharma Ltd. or any other Affiliate of aTyr that is controlled by aTyr (within the meaning of controlled set forth in Section 1.6).

1.11.“aTyr Development Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.3.

1.12.“aTyr Indemnitees” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1.

1.13.“aTyr Licensed Know-How” means any and all Know-How Controlled by aTyr or aTyr Affiliates (solely or jointly with a Third Party) (a) in existence as of the Effective Date, or (b) arising during the Term, that, in each case of clauses (a) and (b), is necessary for the Development or Commercialization of any Licensed Products in the Field in the Kyorin Territory, excluding aTyr’s interest in the New Joint IP.

1.14.“aTyr Licensed Patents” means (a) the Patents listed on a schedule to the Letter Agreement and (b) any and all Patents Controlled by aTyr or aTyr Affiliates (solely or jointly with a Third Party) arising during the Term that are necessary for or Cover the Development or Commercialization of any Licensed Products in the Field in the Kyorin Territory, excluding aTyr’s interest in the Joint Patents.

1.15.“aTyr Licensed Technology” means, collectively, the aTyr Licensed Know-How and the aTyr Licensed Patents.

1.16.“aTyr Territory” means, with respect to any Licensed Product, all countries of the world, except for Japan.

1.17.“aTyr Trademarks” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.10.2.

1.18.“Bankrupt Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3.

1.19.“Bankruptcy Code” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.4.

1.20.“Best Knowledge” means the actual knowledge, after reasonable investigation, of any of the executive officers of aTyr or aTyr Affiliates, which will be listed on a schedule to the Letter Agreement.

1.21.“Biosimilar Product” means, with respect to a Licensed Product in the Field in the Kyorin Territory, a product introduced in the Kyorin Territory by a Person other than Kyorin or its Related Parties that (a) has obtained Regulatory Approval by a Regulatory Authority pursuant to a process that relies on

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pivotal safety or efficacy data from such Regulatory Authority’s previous grant of Regulatory Approval for such Licensed Product; or (b) otherwise meets the criteria for constituting a “biosimilar” or “interchangeable” product pursuant to the relevant notifications from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare or any successors thereto.

1.22.“BLA” means a Biologics License Application (as defined in 21 C.F.R. 600 et. seq.) or substantially similar application or submission filed with a Regulatory Authority in the Kyorin Territory to obtain Regulatory Approval to market a product in the Kyorin Territory, and any amendments or supplements thereto.

1.23.“Brief” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.3.4.3(b).

1.24.“Business Day” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a bank or other public holiday in California, United States or in Tokyo, Japan.

1.25.“Calendar Quarter” means the respective periods of three (3) consecutive calendar months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each Calendar Year.

1.26.“Calendar Year” means each successive period of twelve (12) months commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31.

1.27.“Change of Control” means, with respect to a Party, (a) a merger or consolidation of such Party with a Third Party that results in the voting securities of such Party outstanding immediately prior thereto, or any securities into which such voting securities have been converted or exchanged, ceasing to represent at least fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the surviving entity or the parent of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation, (b) a transaction or series of related transactions in which a Third Party, together with its Affiliates, becomes the direct or indirect beneficial owner of fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the outstanding securities of such Party, or (c) the sale or other transfer to a Third Party of all or substantially all of such Party’s and its controlled Affiliates’ assets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any transaction or series of transactions effected for the primary purpose of financing the operations of the applicable Party or changing the form or jurisdiction of organization of such Party will not be deemed a “Change of Control” for purposes of this Agreement.

1.28.“Clinical Study” means a ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ 2 Study, Phase 3 Study, Post-Marketing Study, Supplemental Study or other study (including a non-interventional study) in humans to obtain information regarding the product, including information relating to the safety, tolerability, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, dose ranging or efficacy of the product.

1.29.“Clinical Supply Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2.

1.30.“CMC” means Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls, which includes (a) Manufacturing process development records for products, (b) all chemistry, Manufacturing and control procedures necessary for Manufacture of products, and (c) sourcing and testing of all raw materials and components used in the Manufacture of products.

1.31.“CMC Activities” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5.

1.32.“CMC Work Plan” means the work plan detailing the CMC Activities to be undertaken by aTyr as approved by the JSC as set forth in Section 3.5, as amended with approval by the JSC.

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1.33.“Collaboration” means the activities of the Parties for the Development and Commercialization of Licensed Products in the Field in the Kyorin Territory and in the aTyr Territory, as described in this Agreement.

1.34.“Commencement” means, with respect to a Clinical Study, the first dosing of the first subject in such Clinical Study.

1.35.“Commercialization” or “Commercialize” means any and all activities directed to marketing, promoting, distributing, importing, exporting, using, offering to sell or selling a product, and activities directed to obtaining Pricing Approvals, as applicable.

1.36.“Commercialization Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2.

1.37.“Commercially Reasonable Efforts” means, with respect to the performance of specified obligations herein by aTyr or Kyorin with respect to the Development or Commercialization of any Licensed Product, that level and quality of efforts and resources commonly dedicated in the branded products pharmaceutical industry by a company to the performance of such obligations in the context of Developing or Commercializing a product of similar commercial potential at a similar stage in its lifecycle to the Licensed Product, in each case taking into account issues of safety and efficacy, product profile, the proprietary position, the then-current competitive environment for such product and the likely timing of such product’s entry into the market, in each case as measured by the facts and circumstances at the time such efforts are due; provided, however, that Commercially Reasonable Efforts will not include consideration of (i) any pharmaceutical product, other than a Licensed Product, that Kyorin is then researching, Developing, Manufacturing or Commercializing, alone or with one or more collaborators, or (ii) the payments required to be made by Kyorin to aTyr pursuant to this Agreement.

1.38.“Commercial Supply Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2.

1.39.“Competing Product” means any pharmaceutical or medicinal preparation that [***].

1.40.“Competitive Infringement” means, for a Licensed Product on a country-by-country basis, where the making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing, by any Third Party (other than any Sublicensee or authorized purchaser or other transferee of such Licensed Product by either Party), of any pharmaceutical product in a Party’s Territory is Covered by a Valid Claim of (a) an aTyr Licensed Patent, a Joint Patent or a Kyorin Controlled Patent (in the case of the Kyorin Territory) or (b) a Patent Controlled by aTyr, a Joint Patent or a Kyorin Controlled Patent (in the case of the aTyr Territory). For clarity, filing of a Biosimilar Application (or substantially similar application or submission filed with a Regulatory Authority in the Kyorin Territory) with respect to a Licensed Product as the reference product by any such Third Party will be deemed to be Competitive Infringement.

1.41.“Competitive (aTyr) Infringement” means Competitive Infringement with respect to any Licensed Product in the aTyr Territory.

1.42.“Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement” means Competitive Infringement with respect to any Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory.

1.43.“Completion” means, with respect to a Clinical Study, the last visit of the last subject in such Clinical Study.

1.44.“Confidential Information” means any and all confidential or proprietary information and data and all other scientific, pre-clinical, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing, marketing, financial and

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commercial information or data, whether communicated in writing or orally or by any other method, which is or has been provided by one Party to the other Party in connection with this Agreement.

1.45.“Control” means, with respect to any Patents or Know-How, the possession (whether by ownership, license or sublicense, other than by a license, sublicense or other right granted (but not assignment) pursuant to this Agreement) by a Party of the ability to assign or grant to the other Party the licenses, sublicenses or rights to access and use such Patents or Know-How as provided for in this Agreement, without (a) violating the terms of any agreement or other arrangement with any Third Party in existence as of the time such Party would be required hereunder to grant such license, sublicense, or rights of access and use, and (b) paying any consideration to any Third Party, except for that which a Party in-licenses and under which the other Party elects to take a sublicense pursuant to Section 7.2.1 or 7.2.2, as applicable, which will be considered under the Control of such Party. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, a Party will be deemed not to Control any Patents or Know-How that are owned or in-licensed by an Acquirer except with respect to any such Patents or Know-How arising from or used in active participation by employees or consultants of the Acquirer in the Collaboration after such Change of Control.

1.46.“Cost of Goods” means, with respect to the supply price for the Licensed Product: (i) if the Licensed Product is Manufactured by aTyr, the following amounts: (a) the costs of [***] in the Manufacture of the Licensed Product; (b) [***] of the production facilities utilized in the production of the Licensed Product; (c) the costs of [***]; (d) [***] costs, other than any included in the clause (b) above; (e) [***] costs and [***] costs calculated in conformity with Accounting Standards; and (f) the costs of [***], in each of case (b) through (f) to the extent allocable to the production of the Licensed Product, (ii) if the Licensed Product is Manufactured by one or more Third Parties, [***] for the Manufacture of the Licensed Product supplied by aTyr to Kyorin or its Related Parties, and (iii) in either case (clause (i) or (ii)) the Cost of Goods will be equal to the amount calculated as set forth in clause (i) or clause (ii), as applicable (the “Calculated Amount”), multiplied by (x) [***] if the Calculated Amount is equal to or greater than [***], or (y) [***] if the Calculated Amount is less than [***].

1.47.“Cover”, “Covering” or “Covered” with respect to a Licensed Product under this Agreement or a product of a Third Party, means that, but for a license granted to a Person under a claim included in a Patent, the manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale or importation of such Licensed Product or such product, as applicable, in the Field in the relevant Territory by such Person would infringe such claim, where the reference to “claim” in this definition includes the claims of any pending patent application as if issued.

1.48.“Develop” and “Development” means any and all activities related to the pre‑clinical development or non‑clinical or pre‑clinical studies, clinical drug development activities conducted before or after obtaining Regulatory Approval that are reasonably related to or leading to the development, preparation, or submission of data and information to a Regulatory Authority for the purpose of obtaining, supporting or expanding Regulatory Approval, including all activities related to pharmacokinetic profiling, design and conduct of Clinical Studies (including Post‑Marketing Studies), regulatory affairs, statistical analysis, report writing, and regulatory filing creation and submission (including the services of outside advisors and consultants in connection therewith). Activities that are within the definition of both the term “Development” and the term “Manufacture” (and their respective cognates) are hereby deemed to be included within “Manufacture” and excluded from “Development.”

1.49.“Development Costs” means, with respect to a Licensed Product, those costs and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of any Development activities for such Licensed Product, including costs for full-time scientific or technical persons, fees charged by Third Party service providers, and other Out-of-Pocket Costs, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of any

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Clinical Study for such Licensed Product, and costs related to [***] plus [***] attributable to the performance of such Development activities (including [***], but in all cases excluding [***]).

1.50.“Disputes” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.3.1.

1.51.“Distributor” means a Third Party that (i) purchases any Licensed Product in finished form from or at the direction of Kyorin or any of its Affiliates or Sublicensees, (ii) has the right solely to resell such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory, (iii) has no right to Commercialize or Develop any Licensed Product (other than the limited right to resell Licensed Product as set forth in the preceding clause (ii)), and (iv) receives no compensation or other consideration with respect to any Licensed Product other than the sales price paid by the purchaser.

1.52.“Dollars” or “$” means the legal tender of the United States of America.

1.53.“Effective Date ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

1.54.“Executive Officer” means, for each Party, its Chief Executive Officer or another senior executive designee with responsibilities and seniority comparable thereto, provided that any of the foregoing individuals may designate the Chief Financial Officer as his/her designee for financial related matters. In the event that the position of any of the Executive Officers identified in this Section 1.54 no longer exists due to a Change of Control, corporate reorganization, corporate restructuring or the like that results in the elimination of the identified position, the applicable Executive Officer will be replaced with another executive officer with responsibilities and seniority comparable to the eliminated Executive Officer.

1.55.“Expedited Arbitration” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.3.4.1.

1.56.“Expedited Dispute” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.3.4.1.

1.57.“FDA” means the United States Food and Drug Administration or any successor agency thereto.

1.58.“FD&C Act” means the United States Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended.

1.59.“Field” means the treatment of the Lead Indication in humans or any Additional Indication approved by the JSC in humans.

1.60.“First Commercial Sale” means, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, the first commercial sale in an arms’ length transaction of a Licensed Product to a Third Party by Kyorin or any of its Related Parties in the Kyorin Territory following receipt of applicable Regulatory Approval of such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory.

1.61.“First-in-Patient Study” means the first Clinical Study of a Licensed Product in a target patient population or indication (e.g., a Phase 2 Study).

1.62.“FTC” means the U.S. Federal Trade Commission or any successor agency thereto.

1.63.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles as practiced in the United States or in Japan, as consistently applied.

1.64.“Global Development Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.1.

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1.65.“Governmental Authority” means any applicable government authority, court, tribunal, arbitrator, agency, department, legislative body, commission or other instrumentality of (a) any government of any country or territory, (b) any nation, state, province, county, city or other political subdivision thereof or (c) any supranational body.

1.66.“Healthy Volunteer Study” means the first Clinical Study of a Licensed Product in a healthy volunteer (e.g., Phase 1 Study).

1.67.“ICC” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.3.3.

1.68.“IFRS” means International Financial Reporting Standards, as consistently applied.

1.69.“ILD” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

1.70.“ILD Indication” means any of the following separate and distinct diseases, disorders and illnesses: (a) connective tissue disease-associated ILD (including but not limited to systemic sclerosis-associated ILD; rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD or polymyositis / dermatomyositis-associated ILD), (b) chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) or extrinsic allergic alveolitis (including but not limited to summer type hypersensitivity pneumonitis; bird fancier’s lung or ▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ lung), (c) pulmonary sarcoidosis, (d) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or (e) any other form of lung disease that may be classified as a disease or disease state of the lung interstitium. For purposes of this Section 1.70, an ILD Indication may comprise [***].

1.71.“IND” means an Investigational New Drug Application, as defined in the FD&C Act, together with any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or similar application or submission that is required to be filed with any Regulatory Authority anywhere in the world before beginning clinical testing of an investigational drug or biological product in human subjects.

1.72.“IND Safety Reporting” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.129.

1.73.“Indemnified Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.3.

1.74.“Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.3.

1.75.“Joint Patents” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.5.3.1.

1.76.“Joint Steering Committee” or “JSC” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.1.

1.77.“JRA Exception” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.1.2.

1.78.“Know-How” means all commercial, technical, scientific and other know-how and information, trade secrets, knowledge, technology, methods, processes, practices, formulae, instructions, skills, techniques, procedures, experiences, ideas, technical assistance, designs, drawings, assembly procedures, computer programs, specifications, data and results (including biological, chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, pharmaceutical, physical and analytical, preclinical, clinical, safety, manufacturing and quality control data and know-how, including regulatory data, study designs and protocols), and Materials, in all cases, whether or not confidential, proprietary or patentable, in written, electronic or any other form now known or hereafter developed.

1.79.“Kyorin Background Patents” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.5.1.1.

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1.80.“Kyorin Background Technology” means any and all Patents and Know-How Controlled by Kyorin or its Affiliates (solely or jointly with a Third Party) (a) in existence as of the Effective Date, or (b) arising during the Term but independently from this Agreement, that, in each case of clause (a) and (b), are necessary for or Cover the Development or Commercialization of any Licensed Products in the Field, and, for clarity, excluding the New Kyorin IP and Kyorin’s interest in the New Joint IP.

1.81.“Kyorin Controlled Patents” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.5.1.1.

1.82.“Kyorin Development Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.2.

1.83.“Kyorin Indemnitees” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.2.

1.84.“Kyorin Territory” means Japan.

1.85.“Kyorin Trademarks” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.10.2.

1.86.“Laws” means all applicable laws, statutes, rules, regulations, orders, judgments, injunctions, ordinances or other pronouncements having the binding effect of law of any Governmental Authority, including if either Party is or becomes subject to a legal obligation to a Regulatory Authority or other Governmental Authority (such as a corporate integrity agreement or settlement agreement with a Governmental Authority).

1.87.“Lead Indication” means the ILD Indication identified in the approved Development Plan as the Lead Indication, which will initially be pulmonary sarcoidosis.

1.88.“Letter Agreement” means the letter agreement dated as of the Effective Date providing for delivery of schedules by aTyr to Kyorin.

1.89.“Licensed Product” means any pharmaceutical preparation containing as an active ingredient ATYR1923 in any form, including intravenous, infusion, subcutaneous injection (self-injection) or other form. For clarity, Licensed Product will include a pharmaceutical preparation containing ATYR1923 in combination with one or more other active ingredients.

1.90.“Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1.

1.91.“Manufacturing” or “Manufacture” means all activities related to the manufacture of Licensed Products, including, but not limited to, manufacturing supplies for Development or Commercialization, packaging, process development, in-process and finished product testing, release of product or any component or ingredient thereof, quality assurance and quality control activities related to manufacturing and release of product, ongoing stability tests, storage, shipment, and regulatory activities related to any of the foregoing.

1.92.“Materials” means all tangible compositions of matter, devices, articles of manufacture, assays, biological, chemical or physical materials and other similar materials.

1.93.“Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Principles” means the principle that the Clinical Study of the Licensed Products, including such activities as clinical trial planning and design, will be conducted so as to harmonize with the Clinical Study of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory and the aTyr Territory in accordance with ICH Harmonized Guideline – General Principles for Planning and Design of Multi-Regional Clinical Trials – (Final version adopted on 16 November 2017).

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1.94.“Net Sales” means the actual price invoiced by Kyorin or its Related Parties for the sale of Licensed Product to a Third Party in an arm’s length transaction, less:

(i)

[***];

(ii)

[***],

(iii)

[***],

(iv)

[***], and

(v)

[***],

in each case (i) through (v), to the extent actually incurred or allowed with respect to the sale of Licensed Product and identified on the invoice or documented separately. Net Sales will not include sales of Licensed Product between or among Kyorin and its Related Parties if such Licensed Product is intended for subsequent sale to a Third Party that is not a Related Party (but Net Sales will include such subsequent sale by Kyorin or its Related Parties).

Subject to the foregoing where Licensed Product is:

(a)

[***];

(b)

[***]; or

(c)

[***],

then the amount allocated to Net Sales of such Licensed Product will be deemed to be [***].

[***] (as applicable) will determine the deemed Net Sales amount in good faith, based on then current information regarding [***]. If [***] has a valid, supportable concern or dispute regarding [***] determination of such deemed Net Sales amount, the Parties will meet to discuss in good faith the manner in which the deemed Net Sales amount was determined, taking into consideration [***] and, in the absence of agreement as to such deemed Net Sales amount, the issue will be referred to an independent valuer acceptable to both Parties.

1.95.“Neuropilin Receptor” means Neuropilin-2A or Neuropilin-2B, each a transmembrane receptor.

1.96.“New-Controlling Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.6.4.1.

1.97.“New aTyr IP” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.2.1.

1.98.“New Joint IP” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.2.3.

1.99.“New Kyorin IP” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.2.2.

1.100.“New Kyorin Patents” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.5.1.1.

1.101.“▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Listing” means the approval of a Licensed Product for a given ILD Indication for inclusion on the National Health Insurance list in the Kyorin Territory.

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1.102.“Non-Bankrupt Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3.

1.103.“On-going aTyr Clinical Study” means the Clinical Study of a Licensed Product being conducted in the aTyr Territory on the Effective Date, the official title of which is “A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multiple Ascending Dose Study of Intravenous ATYR1923 in Patients With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis” (▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/▇▇▇▇/▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇).

1.104.“Out-of-Pocket Costs” means, with respect to certain activities hereunder, direct expenses paid or payable by either Party or its Affiliates to Third Parties and specifically identifiable and incurred to conduct such activities for a Licensed Product, including payments to contract personnel (including contractors, consultants and subcontractors).

1.105.“Patent” means all patents and patent applications and all substitutions, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, any patent issued with respect to any such patent applications, any reissue, reexamination, utility models or designs, renewal or extension (including any supplementary protection certificate) of any such patent, and any confirmation patent or registration patent or patent of addition based on any such patent, and all counterparts thereof in any country.

1.106.“Patent(s) Costs” means the Out-of-Pocket Costs paid to outside legal counsel and other Third Parties (including to any licensor pursuant to any in-license), and filing and maintenance expenses, and internal costs and expenses, incurred in Prosecuting and Maintaining Patents and enforcing and defending them.

1.107.“Person” means any natural person, corporation, unincorporated organization, partnership, association, sole proprietorship, joint stock company, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or government, or Governmental Authority, or any other similar entity.

1.108.“Phase 1 Study” means a clinical study of an investigational product in subjects with the primary objective of characterizing its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics and identifying a recommended dose range and regimen for future studies as described in 21 C.F.R. 312.21(a), or a comparable clinical study prescribed by the relevant Regulatory Authority in a country other than the United States.

1.109.“Phase 2 Study” means a clinical study having as its primary objective characterizing its activity in a specific disease state, including identifying a suitable dose and dosing regimen, as well as generating more detailed safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics information as described in 21 C.F.R. 312.21(b), or a comparable clinical study prescribed by the relevant Regulatory Authority in a country other than the United States including a human clinical trial that is also designed to satisfy the requirements of 21 C.F.R. 312.21(a) or corresponding foreign regulations and is subsequently optimized or expanded to satisfy the requirements of 21 C.F.R. 312.21(b) (or corresponding foreign regulations) or otherwise to enable a Phase 3 Study (e.g., a phase 1/2 trial).

1.110.“Phase 3 Study” means a clinical study of an investigational product in patients that incorporates accepted endpoints for confirmation of statistical significance of efficacy with the aim to obtain Regulatory Approval in any country as described in 21 C.F.R. 312.21(c), or a comparable clinical study prescribed by the relevant Regulatory Authority in a country other than the United States.

1.111.“Post-Marketing Study” means a non-human or human clinical study of a product initiated after receipt of Regulatory Approval for such product in a country or territory, that is required by the Regulatory Authority in such country or territory to maintain the Regulatory Approval for such product in such country or territory, but excluding any Supplemental Study.

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1.112.“Pricing Approval” means such governmental approval, agreement, determination or decision establishing prices for a product that can be charged or reimbursed in regulatory jurisdictions where the applicable Governmental Authorities approve or determine the price or reimbursement of pharmaceutical products.

1.113.“Pricing Matters” means all issues and decisions regarding (a) price, price terms and other contract terms with respect to product sales, including discounts, rebates, other price concessions and service fees to payors and purchasers and (b) reimbursement programs applicable to a product.

1.114.“Proceeding” means an action, suit or other proceeding before a governmental tribunal.

1.115.“Promotional Materials” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.

1.116.“Prosecution and Maintenance” means, with regard to a particular Patent, the preparation, filing, prosecution and maintenance of such Patent, as well as re-examinations, reissues and the like with respect to that Patent, together with the conduct of interferences, the defense of oppositions and other similar proceedings with respect to that Patent.

1.117.“Registrational Clinical Study” means any Clinical Study that is intended (as of the time the study is initiated) to generate the results and data sufficient to file for Regulatory Approval (e.g., a Phase 3 Study).

1.118.“Regulatory Approval” means all approvals by Regulatory Authorities necessary for the Manufacture and Commercialization of a product for one or more indications in a country or regulatory jurisdiction, which may include satisfaction of all applicable regulatory and notification requirements, but not including any Pricing Approvals.

1.119.“Regulatory Authority” means any Governmental Authority involved in granting approvals for the Development, Manufacturing or Commercialization or Pricing Approval of pharmaceutical products, including the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, the European Commission, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (or successor agency) in Japan.

1.120.“Regulatory Milestone Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.2.1.

1.121.“Regulatory Milestone Payment” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.2.1.

1.122.“Regulatory Exclusivity” means any exclusive marketing rights or data exclusivity rights with respect to a Licensed Product other than Patents conferred by any Regulatory Authority in the Kyorin Territory.

1.123.“Regulatory Filing” means any submission to a Regulatory Authority, including all applications, registrations, licenses, authorizations and approvals (including Regulatory Approvals), together with any related correspondence and documentation submitted to or received from Regulatory Authorities (including minutes and official contact reports relating to any communications with any Regulatory Authority) and all supporting documents and all clinical studies and tests, relating to a product and all data contained in any of the foregoing, including all INDs, BLAs, regulatory drug lists, advertising and promotion documents, clinical data, adverse event files and complaint files, and include any submission to a regulatory advisory board, marketing authorization application, and any supplement or amendment thereto.

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1.124.“Regulatory Materials” means any regulatory notification, communication, correspondence, Regulatory Approvals and other filings made to, received from or otherwise conducted with a Regulatory Authority related to Developing, Manufacturing, obtaining marketing authorization, marketing, selling or otherwise Commercializing a pharmaceutical product in a particular country or jurisdiction.

1.125.“Related Party(ies)” means, with respect to a Party, such Party’s Affiliates, permitted Sublicensees and any other Third Party that is involved in the Development and Commercialization of any Licensed Product, other than any Distributor.

1.126.“Reversion License” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.5.3.2.

1.127.“Reversion Product” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.5.3.1.

1.128.“Royalty Term” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5.1.

1.129.“Safety Concern” means, with respect to any Licensed Product, (a) any safety concern required to be reported under 21 C.F.R. § 312.32 (or any successor or analogous Law outside of the United States) (“IND Safety Reporting”) if an IND with respect to such Licensed Product was open at the time of the observation (or that would be so reportable if an IND was open at such time), or (b) a toxicity or drug safety issue or a Serious Adverse Event reasonably related to or observed in connection with Development or Commercialization activities with respect to a Licensed Product.

1.130.“Sales Milestone Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.3.1.

1.131.“Sales Milestone Payment” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.3.1.

1.132.“SDEA” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.5.

1.133.“Serious Adverse Event” means an adverse drug experience or circumstance that results in any of the following outcomes (a) death, (b) life-threatening condition, (c) inpatient hospitalization or a significant prolongation of existing hospitalization, (d) persistent or significant disability or incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, (e) a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or (f) significant intervention required to prevent permanent impairment or damage. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the term “Serious Adverse Event” is defined in any Clinical Study protocol for a Licensed Product, the events described therein are deemed to be included in this definition (in addition to clauses (a) – (f) and not in limitation or replacement thereof) for all purposes under this Agreement.

1.134.“Sublicensee” means a Third Party to which a Party or its Affiliate has granted or grants rights, as permitted under this Agreement, to Develop or Commercialize any Licensed Products, or any further sublicensee of such rights (regardless of the number of tiers, layers or levels of sublicenses of such rights).

1.135.“Supplemental Study” means any clinical study (other than any Post-Marketing Study) for an additional indication or other label expansion for a Licensed Product beyond what is contemplated in the then-current Development Plan or the Global Development Plan, as applicable, or any health economic and outcomes research studies, in each case, as and to the extent approved by the JSC.

1.136.“Supply Agreements” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2.

1.137.“Technology Transfer Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.7.1.3(a).

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1.138.“Term” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.1.

1.139.“Territory” means (a) with respect to aTyr, the aTyr Territory and (b) with respect to Kyorin, the Kyorin Territory.

1.140.“Third Party” means any Person other than Kyorin, aTyr or their respective Affiliates.

1.141.“Third Party Action” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.6.3.

1.142.“Trademark” means any trademark, trade name, service ▇▇▇▇, service name, brand, domain name, trade dress, logo, slogan or other indicia of origin or ownership, including the goodwill and activities associated with each of the foregoing.

1.143.“United States” or “U.S.” means the United States and its territories, possessions and commonwealths.

1.144.“Valid Claim” means a claim of a Patent that (a) has not been rejected, revoked or held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court or other authority of competent jurisdiction, from which decision no appeal can be further taken, or (b) has not been finally abandoned, disclaimed or admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue or disclaimer. In order to be a Valid Claim, any claim being prosecuted in a pending patent application must [***].

1.145.“Withdrawing Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.6.4.1.

1.146.“Yearly Funding Plan” means the yearly plan comprising aTyr’s and aTyr Affiliates’ [***] for the respective Calendar Year.

2.GOVERNANCE

2.1.Alliance Manager. Promptly following the Effective Date, each Party will designate an individual to facilitate communication and coordination of the Parties’ activities under this Agreement relating to Licensed Products (each, an “Alliance Manager”). Each Alliance Manager may also serve as a representative of its respective Party on one or more committees.

2.2.Joint Steering Committee.

2.2.1.Formation; Composition; Dissolution. Within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, the Parties will establish a committee (the “Joint Steering Committee” or “JSC”) to provide strategic oversight of the Collaboration as set forth in this Section 2. Each Party will initially appoint three (3) representatives to the JSC, with each representative having knowledge and expertise in the Development and Commercialization of molecules and products similar to the Licensed Products, and having sufficient seniority within the applicable Party to provide meaningful input and make decisions arising within the scope of the JSC’s responsibility. The JSC may change its size from time to time by mutual consent of the Parties, provided that the JSC will consist at all times of an equal number of representatives of each of aTyr and Kyorin. Each Party may replace its JSC representatives at any time upon written notice to the other Party. The JSC may invite non-members to participate in the discussions and meetings of the JSC, provided that such participants have no voting authority at the JSC and are bound under written obligations of confidentiality and non-use no less protective of the Parties’ Confidential Information than those set forth in this Agreement. The JSC will be chaired on a Calendar Year basis by a chairperson alternately designated by aTyr or Kyorin. The initial chairperson of the JSC for the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on December 31, 2020 will be an aTyr designated chairperson, who will then be replaced by a

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Kyorin designated chairperson on January 1, 2021, and so forth. The JSC chairperson’s responsibilities will include conducting meetings, including, when feasible, ensuring that objectives for each meeting are set and achieved. The JSC will exist for so long as there is at least one Licensed Product being Developed or Commercialized under this Agreement.

2.2.2.Specific Responsibilities of the JSC. The JSC will have the following responsibilities:

2.2.2.1.approving all Kyorin Development Plans for each Licensed Product and any amendments (including the proposed addition of any Clinical Study (including any Supplemental Study) to any existing Development Plan) or updates to any Kyorin Development Plans, including any Additional Development Activities by Kyorin;

2.2.2.2.reviewing and providing input on the Global Development Plan, including any Additional Development Activities by aTyr, alone or with Kyorin; provided that, certain aspects of the Global Development Plan may be redacted to omit information that is not relevant to Development and Commercialization within the Field in the Kyorin Territory;

2.2.2.3.approving the original CMC Work Plan as set forth in Section 3.5 and approving any amendments to the CMC Work Plan;

2.2.2.4.approving the [***] in the Kyorin Territory;

2.2.2.5.creating, implementing and reviewing the overall strategy regarding Regulatory Approval of Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory, including content of label or other prescribing information;

2.2.2.6.without limiting Section 2.2.2.5, reviewing and providing input on any material Regulatory Filings to Regulatory Authorities for Regulatory Approval of Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory;

2.2.2.7.without limiting Section 2.2.2.5, providing a forum to facilitate the flow of information between the Parties with respect to the Development and Regulatory Approval of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory and the aTyr Territory;

2.2.2.8.approving any proposed Post-Marketing Studies for any Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory;

2.2.2.9.approving the [***] in the Kyorin Territory and approving any proposed material changes thereto;

2.2.2.10.approving [***] in the Kyorin Territory and approving any proposed material changes thereto;

2.2.2.11.approving the Commercialization Plan for each Licensed Product, including, in each case, any amendments thereto;

2.2.2.12.without limiting Section 9.2.1, exchanging the information on publication plans;

2.2.2.13.reviewing the Manufacturing and supply matters relating to the Licensed Products;

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2.2.2.14.providing a forum for a Party to raise for discussion any issue of whether the Development or Commercialization of the Licensed Products by the other Party in the other Party’s Territory would adversely affect the Development or Commercialization of the Licensed Products by or on behalf of such Party in its own Territory;

2.2.2.15.discussing strategies for abating a Competitive Infringement of any Licensed Product within either Party’s respective Territory as contemplated by Section 12.6.1;

2.2.2.16.reviewing and providing input regarding Trademarks in the Kyorin Territory as contemplated by Section 12.10; and

2.2.2.17.establishing such additional joint subcommittees as it deems necessary to oversee activities relating to the Licensed Products within the scope of the JSC’s oversight responsibilities.

2.2.3.Meetings. The JSC will meet at least twice per Calendar Year, unless the Parties mutually agree in writing to a different frequency. The JSC may meet in person, by videoconference, or by teleconference, provided that at least one (1) meeting of the JSC per Calendar Year will be in person. In-person JSC meetings will be held at locations in the United States and in Japan alternately selected by aTyr and by Kyorin, or at any other location mutually agreed by the members of the JSC. Meetings of the JSC will be effective only if at least one (1) representative of each Party is present or participating in such meeting. Each Party will bear the expense of its respective JSC members’ participation in JSC meetings. No later than five (5) Business Days prior to any meeting of the JSC (or such shorter time period as the Parties may agree), the Alliance Managers together will prepare and circulate an agenda for such meeting; provided, however, that either Party will be free to propose additional topics to be included on such agenda, either prior to or in the course of such meeting, and any Party which will be presenting to the JSC at any meeting as part of such agenda will prepare and provide detailed materials to the JSC representatives to support discussion. Either Party may also call a special meeting of the JSC (by videoconference, teleconference or in person) by providing at least ten (10) Business Days prior written notice to the other Party if such Party reasonably believes that a significant matter must be addressed prior to the next scheduled meeting, in which event such Party will work with the Alliance Managers to provide the members of the JSC no later than three (3) Business Days prior to the special meeting with an agenda for the meeting and materials reasonably adequate to enable an informed decision. The JSC chairperson will be responsible for preparing reasonably detailed written minutes of JSC meetings that reflect all decisions made and action items identified at such meetings. The JSC chairperson will send meeting minutes to each member of the JSC for review and approval within twenty (20) Business Days after each JSC meeting. Minutes will be deemed approved unless one or more members of the JSC object to the accuracy of such minutes within ten (10) Business Days of receipt. Any material changes proposed to any meeting minutes by either Party’s members of the JSC will be promptly circulated by the JSC chairperson to each member of the JSC for review and approval within ten (10) Business Days of receipt, with such process repeating until the meeting minutes are approval by all JSC members. Minutes will be officially endorsed by the JSC at the next JSC meeting, and will be signed by the Alliance Managers.

2.2.4.Decision-Making. The representatives from each Party will have, collectively, one (1) vote on behalf of that Party. If the JSC cannot reach unanimous agreement on an issue that comes before the JSC within [***] Business Days of the meeting where such issue was raised and over which the JSC has oversight, the Parties will refer such issue for resolution in accordance with Section 2.3.

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2.3.Resolution of JSC Disputes .

2.3.1.Referral to Executive Officers and Executive Management. The JSC may refer any matter as to which the JSC cannot reach a consensus decision to the Executive Officers for resolution. If the JSC does so, the JSC will submit in writing the respective positions of the Parties to their respective Executive Officers. Such Executive Officers will use good faith efforts, in compliance with this Section 2.3.1, to resolve promptly such matter, which good faith efforts will include at least one meeting between such Executive Officers within ten (10) Business Days after the JSC’s submission of such matter to them. If the Executive Officers are unable to reach unanimous agreement on any such matter within fifteen (15) days of the matter being presented to them, then:

(a) if (i) such matter relates to (A) the inclusion of [***] or (B) [***], (ii) the dispute relates to an issue raised by aTyr that the proposed action under clause (A) or (B), as applicable, would [***], and (iii) the dispute does not [***], in which case, aTyr will have final decision-making authority over such matter; or

(b) if such matter relates to the [***] of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory, Kyorin will have final decision-making authority over such matter, unless the dispute relates to an issue raised by aTyr that the [***] of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory would [***] of the Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory, in which case, such matter will be submitted for resolution in accordance with clause (c) below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the dispute relates to a [***], Kyorin will have final decision-making authority over such matter; and

(c) if such matter relates to any issue that does not fall within those specified in either clause (a) or clause (b), the Parties will submit their respective positions on such matter to be resolved by Expedited Arbitration and the arbitrator will select one Party’s position based on the available data.

Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.3 to the contrary, no exercise of a Party’s decision-making authority on any matters may, without the other Party’s prior written consent, (i) result in a material increase in the other Party’s or its Related Parties’ obligations, costs or expenses under this Agreement or any Development Plan or Commercialization Plan, (ii) unilaterally modify, amend or waive its own compliance with the terms of this Agreement, or (iii) otherwise conflict with this Agreement.

2.3.2.Good Faith. In conducting themselves on the JSC (or any subcommittee established by it), and in exercising their rights under this Section 2.3, all representatives of both Parties will consider diligently, reasonably and in good faith all input received from the other Party, and will use reasonable efforts to reach unanimous agreement on all matters before them. In exercising any decision-making authority granted to it under this Section 2.3, each Party will act based on its good faith judgment and in accordance with the requirements of this Agreement, including taking into consideration its obligations to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts with respect to Development or Commercialization activities. Further, if the Development or Commercialization of the Licensed Products by or on behalf of the Parties in their respective Territories would adversely affect the Development or Commercialization of the Licensed Products in the other Party’s Territory, the Parties will discuss in good faith how to resolve such situation.

2.4.General Committee Authority. The JSC (and any subcommittee established by it) has solely the powers expressly assigned to it in this Section 2. Neither the JSC nor any subcommittee established by it will have any power to amend, modify, or waive the terms of this Agreement or compliance with the terms of this Agreement.

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2.5.Discontinuation of Participation on the JSC. aTyr’s membership in the JSC (or any subcommittee established by it) will be at its sole discretion, as a matter of right and not obligation, for the sole purpose of participation in governance, decision-making, and information exchange with respect to activities within the jurisdiction of the JSC. aTyr will have the right to withdraw, at any time, from membership on the JSC (or any subcommittee) upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to Kyorin, which notice will be effective upon the expiration of such thirty (30) day period. Following the issuance of such notice: (a) aTyr’s membership in the JSC (or any subcommittee) will be terminated; and (b) each Party will have the obligation to continue to provide and the right to continue to receive the information it would otherwise be required to provide and entitled to receive under this Agreement and to participate directly with the other Party in discussions, reviews and approvals currently allocated to the JSC pursuant to this Section 2. If, at any time following issuance of such a notice, aTyr wishes to resume participation in the JSC, aTyr will notify Kyorin in writing and, thereafter, aTyr’s representatives to the JSC (or any subcommittee) will be entitled to attend any subsequent meeting of the JSC (or any subcommittee) and to participate in the activities of, and decision-making by, the JSC (or any subcommittee) as provided in this Section 2 as if such notice had not been issued by aTyr pursuant to this Section 2.5. If the JSC is disbanded, then any data and information of the nature intended to be shared within the JSC will be provided by each Party directly to the other Party.

3.DEVELOPMENT

3.1.Responsibility; Conduct of Development and Costs.

3.1.1.Kyorin Development Responsibility. Subject to the responsibilities of the JSC and the other terms of this Agreement, Kyorin will be responsible for conducting or having conducted, in accordance with the Kyorin Development Plan and the Global Development Plan, the Development of the Licensed Products in the Field solely for purposes of obtaining and maintaining Regulatory Approval of Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory and for Commercialization of such Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory. Kyorin will bear one hundred percent (100%) of the Development Costs incurred by Kyorin in connection with the foregoing Development activities. If aTyr and Kyorin agree in writing that aTyr will perform any specific activities that are solely to support Development required to obtain or maintain Regulatory Approval of Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory or for Commercialization of such Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory and incur any Development Costs for such Development activities, Kyorin will reimburse amounts incurred by aTyr under this Section 3.1.1 in accordance with the process set forth in Section 8.6. For clarity, Kyorin will have no obligation to bear any cost for the Development of the Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory for purposes of obtaining and maintaining Regulatory Approval of such Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory.

3.1.2.aTyr Development Responsibility. aTyr will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to conduct the On-going aTyr Clinical Study, including any regulatory activities related thereto. aTyr will provide Kyorin with the summary reports on the results of such Clinical Study [***] after the completion thereof. Subject to the responsibilities of the JSC and the other terms of this Agreement, aTyr will be responsible for conducting or having conducted, in accordance with the Global Development Plan, the Development of the Licensed Products in the Field. Subject to the first sentence of this Section 3.1.2 and other obligations of aTyr to Kyorin with respect to Development of Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory set forth in this Agreement, aTyr retains the exclusive right, and has the sole discretion and control over, the Development of the Licensed Products anywhere in the aTyr Territory. aTyr will bear one hundred percent (100%) of the Development Costs incurred by aTyr in connection with the foregoing Development activities, excluding amounts that are reimbursed by Kyorin under Section 3.1.1. If aTyr and Kyorin agree in writing that Kyorin will perform any specific activities that are solely to support Development required to obtain or maintain Regulatory Approval of Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory or for Commercialization of such Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory and incur any Development Costs for

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such Development activities, aTyr will reimburse amounts incurred by Kyorin under this Section 3.1.2 in accordance with the process set forth in Section 8.6. For clarity, except as otherwise provided in this Section 3.1.2, aTyr will have no obligation to bear any cost for the Development of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory for purposes of obtaining and maintaining Regulatory Approval of such Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory.

3.2.Global Development Plan; Development Plans.

3.2.1.Global Development Plan. Development of the Licensed Products in the Field will be conducted pursuant to a worldwide strategic plan (as may be amended or updated, the “Global Development Plan”). aTyr will prepare the initial Global Development Plan based on the aTyr Development Plan and the initial Kyorin Development Plan, and will provide such initial Global Development Plan to Kyorin within [***] days after the date on which the initial Kyorin Development Plan is provided to aTyr. The Global Development Plan will be consistent with the aTyr Development Plan, the Kyorin Development Plan and the Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Principles. aTyr will update such Global Development Plan annually thereafter based on the updated Kyorin Development Plan and will provide such updated Global Development Plan to the JSC for access by Kyorin. The terms of, and Development activities set forth, in each Global Development Plan will at all times be designed to be in compliance with all applicable Laws and in accordance with professional and ethical standards customary in the pharmaceutical industry. The JSC will review and provide input on each Global Development Plan in accordance with Section 2.2.2.2.

3.2.2.Kyorin Development Plans. On a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, the Development activities that are necessary or useful to be undertaken for such Licensed Product to achieve a Regulatory Approval in the Kyorin Territory will be set forth in reasonable detail in a written work plan and time table (each, as may be amended or updated, a “Kyorin Development Plan”) prepared by Kyorin. The initial Kyorin Development Plan [***] will be prepared by Kyorin no later than [***] days after the Effective Date. The terms of, and Development activities set forth in, each Kyorin Development Plan will at all times be designed to be in compliance with all applicable Laws and in accordance with professional and ethical standards customary in the pharmaceutical industry, and may at any time be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified in response to the communications with a Regulatory Authority in the Kyorin Territory with regard to such Development activities in accordance with Section 2.2.2.1. The JSC will review and provide input on each Kyorin Development Plan and will approve all such Kyorin Development Plans in accordance with Section 2.2.2.1. Kyorin will update each applicable Kyorin Development Plan for a Licensed Product [***] (such updates to include any Post-Marketing Studies required by a Regulatory Authority as a condition of granting any such marketing authorizations) and will provide such updated Kyorin Development Plan to the JSC for review, input and approval in accordance with Section 2.2.2.1.

3.2.3.aTyr Development Plan. The plan existing as of the Effective Date for Development of the Licensed Product is set forth in reasonable detail in a written work plan and time table attached to the Letter Agreement (the “aTyr Development Plan”). The aTyr Development Plan will be combined with the Kyorin Development Plan in the Global Development Plan.

3.3.Diligence; Standards of Conduct. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, each Party will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to (a) timely perform the Development activities to be performed by it as specified under the Global Development Plan or the aTyr Development Plan (until the initial Global Development Plan is finalized in accordance with Section 3.2.1) and the Kyorin Development Plan, as applicable, for a specific Licensed Product; and (b) timely Develop a Licensed Product in the Lead Indication and in each Additional Indication that is the subject of the Global Development Plan or the aTyr Development Plan (until the initial Global Development Plan is finalized in

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accordance with Section 3.2.1) and the Kyorin Development Plan, as applicable. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing requirements, and subject to aTyr completing transfer of the aTyr Licensed Know-How in existence as of the Effective Date in accordance with the Technology Transfer Plan, Kyorin will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to : (i) [***] for the Licensed Product with Regulatory Authorities in the Kyorin Territory on or before the [***] month anniversary of the Effective Date and (ii) subject to availability of Licensed Product under the Clinical Supply Agreement, [***] of the Licensed Product within [***] months after [***] for the Licensed Product by Regulatory Authorities in the Kyorin Territory.

3.4.Supplemental Studies.

3.4.1.Additional Development Proposals by the Parties. If either Party desires to conduct a Supplemental Study of a Licensed Product for the purpose of seeking Regulatory Approval to market such Licensed Product in its Territory, such Party will notify the other Party of such desire and the Parties will discuss the possibility to conduct the Supplemental Study in the aTyr Territory and the Kyorin Territory in accordance with the Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Principles. If either (a) the Parties decide to conduct the Supplemental Study [***] or (b) they decide not to conduct such Supplemental Study [***], then both Parties (in the case of clause (a)) or the applicable Party (in the case of clause (b)) will submit to the JSC an amendment to add such Supplemental Study to the applicable Development Plan for such Licensed Product (each “Additional Development Proposal”). Each Additional Development Proposal will describe in reasonable detail the applicable Supplemental Study(ies) that the Parties or Party would conduct, including a synopsis of the trial or activities, the proposed enrollment criteria, number of patients to be included, endpoints to be measured, and statistical design and powering (the “Additional Development Activities ”), as well as a proposed timeline and an analysis of the business opportunity and revenue potential for such Additional Development Activities.

3.4.2.JSC. The JSC will address an Additional Development Proposal within [***] days after receipt thereof as set forth in Section 3.4.1. Any changes to the Kyorin Development and Global Development Plan will be subject to Section 2.2.

3.5.CMC Development. [***] will conduct all CMC activities with respect to Licensed Products required to be conducted to support the obtaining and maintaining of Regulatory Approval in the Kyorin Territory for any Licensed Product in the Field (the “CMC Activities”) in accordance with the CMC Work Plan. The current CMC Work Plan as of the Effective Date is attached as a schedule to the Letter Agreement and will be updated by aTyr and approved by the JSC no later than [***] days after the Effective Date. The terms of, and CMC Activities set forth in, each CMC Work Plan will at all times be designed to be in compliance with all applicable Laws and in accordance with professional and ethical standards customary in the pharmaceutical industry. The JSC will review and provide input on each CMC Work Plan and will approve such CMC Work Plan in accordance with Section 2.2.2.3. aTyr will update each applicable CMC Work Plan for a Licensed Product [***] and will provide such updated CMC Work Plan to the JSC for review, input and approval in accordance with Section 2.2.2.3. Any and all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the CMC Activities (excluding any costs [***]) will be borne [***] except that costs of any CMC Activities that are [***] will be borne [***], provided that such costs are not [***]. For clarity, if the actual costs incurred are [***] will be responsible only for the actual costs. To the extent [***] incurs any such costs for CMC Activities on behalf of [***], [***] will [***] amounts incurred by [***] under this Section 3.5 in accordance with the process set forth in Section 8.6.

3.6.Third Parties. Kyorin will be entitled to subcontract to Third Parties, and to utilize the services of Third Parties to perform, its Development activities under this Section 3, provided that (a) Kyorin provides a list of such Third Parties to aTyr upon aTyr’s request in a reasonably timely manner following such request; (b) Kyorin requires such Third Party to operate in a manner consistent with this

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Agreement; and (b) Kyorin remains at all times fully liable to aTyr for its Development responsibilities under this Agreement. Kyorin will require that each agreement with any such Third Party contain confidentiality and non-use provisions that are no less stringent than those set forth in Section 9.1 with respect to aTyr’s Confidential Information, and provisions whereby Kyorin obtains ownership of, or a fully sublicenseable license (or an exclusive option to obtain such license) under and to, any Know-How and Patents that are developed by such Third Party in the performance of such agreement and are reasonably necessary or useful to Develop or Commercialize Licensed Products in the Field, provided that the foregoing requirement to obtain ownership of, or a fully sublicensable license (or an exclusive option to obtain such license) will not apply to any improvements to the proprietary core or platform technology owned or in-licensed by any such Third Party or its Affiliates unless such improvements are reasonably necessary to Develop or Commercialize those Licensed Products with respect to which such Third Party or its Affiliate conducted its activities under such Third Party agreement. Kyorin will be solely responsible for direction of and communications with such Third Party service provider.

3.7.Records; Reports; Information Sharing.

3.7.1.1.Development Activities Reports. Each Party will periodically provide to the other Party, on a Calendar Quarter basis, or more frequently as reasonably requested by the other Party, an update regarding Development activities conducted by or on behalf of such Party with respect to Licensed Products for its Territory, as well as any Supplemental Studies and Post-Marketing Studies conducted by or on behalf of such Party with respect to such Licensed Products. The Parties will periodically report to each other, but in no event less than on a Calendar Quarter basis, regarding their respective activities conducted under the Development Plans or the Global Development Plan, as applicable, for Licensed Products in their respective Territory. In addition, each Party will promptly share with the other Party all material developments that it comes to possess relating to the Development of any Licensed Product in its Territory, including Safety Concerns for Licensed Products.

3.7.1.2.Scientific Records. Each Party will maintain scientific records, in sufficient detail and in sound scientific manner appropriate for Patent and regulatory purposes and in compliance with GLP, GCP and GMP, as applicable, with respect to activities intended to be submitted in Regulatory Filings for any Licensed Product, which will fully and accurately reflect all work done and results achieved in the performance of the Development activities, Clinical Studies, and Supplemental Studies with respect to Licensed Products by such Party.

3.7.1.3.Information Exchange and Assistance.

(a)Initial Technology Transfer. As soon as possible after the Effective Date, but no later than [***] months from the Effective Date (as such period may be extended by mutual written agreement of the Parties), aTyr, at its cost and expense, will complete a transfer to Kyorin of the aTyr Licensed Know-How in existence as of the Effective Date (including, to the extent applicable and in existence and Controlled by aTyr or its Affiliates as of the Effective Date, study reports, batch records, vendor information, validation documentation, pre-clinical data, analyses, manufacturing data, and applicable reference standards used in analytical testing of the Licensed Product) as described in the technology transfer plan to be mutually agreed by the Parties and to be attached as a schedule to the Letter Agreement setting forth the details of such aTyr Licensed Know-How to be transferred and the timing of such transfer (the “Technology Transfer Plan”).

(b)Continued Information Exchange and Assistance. After the completion of the Technology Transfer Plan and during the Term, (i) aTyr will inform Kyorin through the JSC of any new [***] arising during the Term, and will make available to Kyorin, [***], the [***] reasonably requested by Kyorin and in the manner established by the JSC; and (ii) Kyorin will inform aTyr

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through the JSC of [***], and will make available to aTyr, [***] described in clause (ii) reasonably requested by aTyr and in the manner established by the JSC. In addition, each Party, [***], will provide the other Party with reasonable assistance to enable such other Party to understand and use any such transferred Know-How.

4.COMMERCIALIZATION

4.1.Responsibility, Costs.

4.1.1.Kyorin. Subject to the oversight of the JSC and to the other terms of this Agreement, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, Kyorin will be responsible for all Commercialization activities relating to the Licensed Products in the Field in the Kyorin Territory ([***]), at its sole cost and expense, in accordance with the Commercialization Plan.

4.1.2.aTyr. Subject to the oversight of the JSC and applicable obligations of aTyr to Kyorin with respect to Commercialization of Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory as set forth in this Agreement, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, aTyr retains the exclusive right, and will have sole discretion and control at its sole cost and expense, to conduct all Commercialization activities relating to the Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory ([***]).

4.2.Commercialization Plan. At least [***] months before the scheduled date of the first BLA submission for a Licensed Product in its Territory, Kyorin will prepare and deliver to the JSC for review, input and approval, a reasonable draft written plan that summarizes the Commercialization activities (including any pre-Regulatory Approval activities in preparation for commercial launch) to be undertaken with respect to such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory, where such plan will include marketing and promotional activities for such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory aligned with the commercial positioning and the key messages approved by the JSC and will not be prepared in a manner that would adversely affect the Commercialization of the Licensed Products by or on behalf of aTyr in the United States (as updated or amended, the “Commercialization Plan”). Updates and modifications of the Commercialization Plan for a Licensed Product may be proposed by Kyorin for approval by the JSC, from time to time and no less frequently than [***], based upon, among other things, Kyorin’s Commercialization activities with respect to such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory.

4.3.Diligence; Standards of Conduct. Kyorin will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to (a) perform all Commercialization activities for such Licensed Product in accordance with the Commercialization Plan; (b) obtain the ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Listing at a price that is [***]; and (c) obtain the ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Listing within a reasonable time after having received approval from the Regulatory Authority to Commercialize Licensed Product in, as applicable, the Lead Indication or any other Additional Indication that is the subject of its corresponding Kyorin Development Plan in the Kyorin Territory, and will begin to Commercialize such Licensed Product in the Lead Indication or such Additional Indication, as applicable, in the Kyorin Territory within [***] months of having obtained such ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Listing.

4.4.Advertising and Promotional Materials. Kyorin will be responsible for the creation, preparation, production, reproduction and filing with the applicable Regulatory Authorities, of relevant written sales, promotion and advertising materials relating to each Licensed Product (“Promotional Materials”) for use in the Kyorin Territory. All such Promotional Materials will be compliant with applicable Law, and consistent in all material respects with the Commercialization Plan. Kyorin will, from time to time during the Term, submit copies of representative samples of its Promotional Materials developed by it for use in the Kyorin Territory to aTyr for reference purposes, together with the summary translation of such Promotion Materials in English. Kyorin will consider in good faith any timely comments aTyr may have with respect to any such Promotional Materials, but will have final decision-making

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authority in the Kyorin Territory with respect to such Promotional Materials. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Kyorin will incorporate any changes to Promotional Materials requested by aTyr in a timely fashion in cases where aTyr indicates that it believes in good faith that such change is necessary to enable aTyr to comply with any applicable Law.

4.5.Reporting Obligations. Kyorin will report in each JSC meeting in writing, beginning with the first JSC that takes place following the first Regulatory Approval of a Licensed Product in the Field in the Kyorin Territory, a summary (in reasonable detail) of Commercialization activities for such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory performed to date. In addition, Kyorin will provide aTyr with written notice of the First Commercial Sale of each Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory as soon as reasonably practicable after such event; provided, however, that Kyorin will inform aTyr of such event prior to public disclosure of such event by Kyorin. Kyorin will report such other information in the JSC meeting as aTyr may reasonably request with respect to Commercialization of Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory and will keep aTyr in the JSC meeting reasonably informed of Kyorin’s Commercialization activities with respect to such Licensed Products.

4.6.Commercialization Reporting Obligations.

4.6.1.Each Party will be responsible for booking sales of the Licensed Products sold in its Territory. Each Party may warehouse Licensed Products both inside and outside of such Party’s Territory, provided that any sales with respect to such Licensed Products occur and are booked in such Party’s Territory.

4.6.2.Each will be solely responsible for handling all returns of any Licensed Product sold i n its Territory, as well as all aspects of Licensed Product order processing, invoicing and collection, distribution, inventory and receivables of Licensed Products sold in its Territory.

4.7.Recalls, Market Withdrawals or Corrective Actions. In the event that any Regulatory Authority issues or requests a recall or takes a similar action in connection with a Licensed Product in a Territory, or in the event that either Party determines that an event, incident or circumstance has occurred that may result in the need for a recall or market withdrawal of a Licensed Product in its Territory, the Party notified of such recall or similar action, or the Party that desires such recall or similar action, will as promptly as possible, notify the other Party’s Alliance Manager and JSC representatives thereof by telephone or e-mail, and will discuss with the other Party the reasons for the recall, market withdrawal or similar action. Each Party will decide whether to conduct a recall of a Licensed Product in its own Territory and the manner in which any such recall will be conducted (except in the case of a government mandated recall, such Party may act without such advance notice, but will notify the other Party as soon as possible thereafter). Except as may otherwise be agreed to by the Parties and subject to Section 11, each Party will bear the expense of any such recall in its own Territory. Each Party will make available all of its pertinent records that may be reasonably requested by the other Party in order for a Party to effect a recall of a Licensed Product in its Territory. The Parties’ rights and obligations under this Section 4.7 will be subject to the terms of any supply agreement(s), including any SDEA or quality related agreements entered into between the Parties. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of any such supply agreement, SDEA or quality related agreements and this Section 4.7, the provisions of such sup ply agreement, SDEA or quality related agreements will govern.

4.8.Ex-Territory Sales; Export Monitoring.

4.8.1.Ex-Territory Sales. Subject to applicable Law, neither Party will engage in any advertising or promotional activities relating to any Licensed Product directed primarily to customers or other buyers or users of such Licensed Product located outside of its Territory or accept orders for Licensed

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Products from or sell Licensed Products into such other Party’s Territory for its own account, and, if a Party receives any order for any Licensed Product in the other Party’s Territory, it will refer such orders to the other Party, to the extent it is not prohibited from doing so under applicable Law.

4.8.2.Export Monitoring. Each Party will use reasonable efforts to monitor and prevent exports of Licensed Products from its own Territory for Commercialization in the other Party’s Territory using methods permitted under applicable Law that are commonly used in the industry for such purpose (if any), and will promptly inform the other Party of any such exports of Licensed Products from its Territory, and any actions taken to prevent such exports. Each Party agrees to take reasonable actions requested in writing by the other Party that are consistent with applicable Law to prevent exports of Licensed Products from its Territory for Commercialization in the other Party’s Territory.

5.REGULATORY

5.1.Regulatory Filings and Interactions.

5.1.1.Responsibilities. Each Party will be [***] responsible for all regulatory matters relating to a Licensed Product in its Territory and will own all Regulatory Materials in its Territory with respect to such Licensed Product, provided that aTyr will, and will cause Third Parties who Manufacture ATYR1923 or the Licensed Products, [***], to (i) [***] as required by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency (or successor agency), (ii) handle any regulatory matter relating thereto, and (iii) provide Kyorin [***]. Each Party will have the sole right to (a) oversee, monitor and coordinate all regulatory actions, communications and filings with, and submissions to, each Regulatory Authority in its Territory with respect to ea ch Licensed Product; (b) interface, correspond and meet with each Regulatory Authority in its Territory with respect to each Licensed Product; and (c) seek and maintain all Regulatory Filings in its Territory with respect to each Licensed Product.

5.1.2.Communications with Regulatory Authorities. Each Party will notify the other Party, including a brief description in English, of the principal issues raised in each material communication with Regulatory Authorities with respect to each Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory or that may have a material impact on the Kyorin Territory within [***] Business Days after receipt thereof. Upon a Party’s request, the other Party will provide to such requesting Party, [***]: (a) a summary translation of such material communications in English, (b) complete copies of the original correspondence in their native language, or (c) a complete translation of such material communications in English, in each case of (a) through (c) within a reasonable period of time following such request. For the purposes of this Section 5.1.2, “material communications” with Regulatory Authorities include meetings with Regulatory Authorities and Regulatory Authority questions or concerns with respect to significant issues in the Kyorin Territory or that may have a material impact on the Kyorin Territory, including any of the following: key product quality attributes (e.g., purity), safety findings affecting the platform (e.g., Serious Adverse Events, emerging safety signals), clinical or nonclinical findings affecting patient safety, lack of efficacy or receipt or denial of Regulatory Approval.

5.1.3.Regulatory Meetings. Kyorin will provide aTyr with reasonable advance notice of all substantive meetings with the Governmental Authorities in the Kyorin Territory pertaining to each Licensed Product, or with as much advance notice as practicable under the circumstances. Kyorin will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts, to the extent reasonably practicable, to permit aTyr to have, at aTyr’s expense, mutually acceptable representatives of aTyr attend, solely as a non-participating observer, material, substantive meetings, including pre-IND and end of Phase 2 Study meetings, with any Governmental Authorities within the Kyorin Territory pertaining to such Licensed Product; provided, however, that (a) if required by the Governmental Authority, attendance by aTyr will be permitted; (b) attendance by the representatives of aTyr will not prevent participation of a representative of Kyorin due to

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restrictions imposed by Regulatory Agencies on the number of attendees; and (c) Kyorin will not be obligated to change the schedule of such meeting in order to accommodate the schedule of aTyr’s representatives.

5.1.4.Submissions. Each Party will provide the other Party with written notice of each of the following events with regard to each Licensed Product in its Territory: (a) promptly following the occurrence thereof (i) the submission of any filings or applications for Regulatory Approval of such Licensed Product in its Territory to any Regulatory Authority, and (ii) receipt or denial of Regulatory Approval for such Licensed Product, and (b) on a quarterly basis, a summary of any INDs (including orphan drug applications and designations) that were filed for such Licensed Product during such preceding Calendar Quarter and those anticipated to be filed within the upcoming Calendar Quarter; provided, however, that each Party will inform the other Party of such event under (a) or (b) prior to public disclosure of such event by such Party.

5.2.Diligence; Standards of Conduct. Kyorin will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain Regulatory Approval for the Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory, and aTyr will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain Regulatory Approval for the Licensed Product in the United States. aTyr will, at Kyorin’s request, provide reasonable assistance to Kyorin in its preparation of the Regulatory Materials for consultation with the Regulatory Authority or Regulatory Filing for the Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory and subsequent regulatory correspondences with respect to such consultation or Regulatory Filing in the Kyorin Territory, which assistance includes aTyr providing Kyorin with the information on the [***]. Any costs incurred by aTyr in providing such assistance will be Development Costs for which Kyorin shall reimburse aTyr as provided in Section 3.1.1.

5.3.Costs of Regulatory Affairs. Subject to Section 5.1.1, [***] will be responsible for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with applying for, obtaining and maintaining Regulatory Approval with respect to Licensed Products in its Territory, and related regulatory affairs activities.

5.4.Right of Reference. Each Party hereby grants to the other Party, and at the request of the other Party will grant to the other Party’s Related Parties, a “Right of Reference,” as that term is defined in 21 C.F.R. § 314.3(b) (or any successor rule or analogous Law recognized outside of the United States), to, and a right to copy, access, and otherwise use, all information and data (including all CMC information as well as data made, collected or otherwise generated in the conduct of any Clinical Studies or of any Supplemental Studies or early access/named patient programs for the Licensed Products) included in or used in support of any Regulatory Filing, Regulatory Approval, drug master file or other regulatory documentation (including orphan drug applications and designations) maintained on behalf of such Party (or its Related Parties) that relates to any Licensed Product, to the extent necessary to obtain Regulatory Approval of a Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory or the aTyr Territory, as applicable, and such Party will provide a signed statement to this effect, if requested by the other Party, in accordance with 21 C.F.R. § 314.50(g)(3) (or any successor or analogous Law outside of the United States). In addition, upon reasonable request of either Party (on behalf of itself or a Sublicensee), the other Party will obtain and provide to the requesting Party certificates or other formal or official attestations concerning the regulatory status of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory or the aTyr Territory, as applicable (e.g., Certificates of Free Sale, Certificates for Export, Certificates to Foreign Governments), at the requesting Party’s request and cost, and provided further that such attestations are reasonably necessary for the requesting Party to exercise its rights under this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, neither Party will withdraw or inactivate any Regulatory Filing that the other Party references or otherwise uses pursuant to this Section 5.4 other than for Safety Concerns.

5.5.Pharmacovigilance. The Parties will cooperate with regard to the reporting and handling of safety information involving the Licensed Products in accordance with the applicable regulatory Laws

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and regulations on pharmacovigilance and clinical safety, with aTyr being responsible, at its cost, for maintaining a global safety database, and Kyorin being responsible, at its cost, for pharmacovigilance reporting in the Kyorin Territory. Within [***] days from the Effective Date (as such period may be extended by mutual written agreement of the Parties, but within such time to ensure that all regulatory requirements are met), the Parties will negotiate in good faith and enter into a Safety Data Exchange Agreement (“SDEA”), which will define the pharmacovigilance responsibilities of the Parties and include safety data exchange procedures to enable each Party (and their respective related Third Parties, if any) to comply with all of its legal and regulatory obligations related to the Licensed Products.

6.MANUFACTURE

6.1.General. Subject to Section 6.2, aTyr will Manufacture or have Manufactured and supply [***] to Kyorin, and Kyorin will purchase [***] from aTyr, all the Licensed Products required for the Clinical Studies and the Commercialization of the Licensed Products in the Field in the Kyorin Territory at aTyr’s Cost of Goods and otherwise in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable Supply Agreement. aTyr will keep Kyorin reasonably apprised of its Manufacturing activities through Kyorin’s representatives on the JSC.

6.2.Supply Agreements. The Parties will use reasonable efforts to negotiate, and enter into within [***] days following the Effective Date, a separate clinical supply agreement (and any other necessary ancillary agreements including a quality technical agreement), to fulfill all clinical supply requirements for the Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory and to perform such other services for Kyorin as the Parties may agree (the “Clinical Supply Agreement”). Promptly following successful process validation for the Licensed Product, the Parties will use reasonable efforts to negotiate and enter into a separate commercial supply agreement (and any other necessary ancillary agreements including a quality technical agreement), to fulfill all commercial supply requirements for the Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory and to perform such other services for Kyorin as the Parties may agree (the “Commercial Supply Agreement”, collectively, the “Supply Agreements”). The Supply Agreements will contain reasonable and customary terms and conditions as mutually acceptable to the Parties, provided that the Supply Agreements will include the key terms as set forth in a schedule to the Letter Agreement.

7.LICENSES

7.1.License Grants.

7.1.1.License Grants to Kyorin.

7.1.1.1.Development License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, aTyr hereby grants Kyorin a non-transferable (except as provided in Section 14.1), sublicensable (subject to Sections 3.6 and 7.1.1.3) exclusive (even as to aTyr and its Affiliates) license under the aTyr Licensed Technology and aTyr’s interest in the New Joint IP in the Kyorin Territory to Develop such Licensed Product in the Field anywhere in the Kyorin Territory; provided, however, that such license grant for Development will be limited in each case solely as and to the extent provided in the approved Kyorin Development Plan for such Licensed Product or as otherwise permitted elsewhere under this Agreement, and in each case, solely for purposes of obtaining Regulatory Approval of such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory and Commercialization of such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory. Notwithstanding the foregoing exclusive grant, aTyr retains the right under the aTyr Licensed Technology and aTyr’s interest in the New Joint IP, with the right to grant licenses through multiple tiers in accordance with Section 7.1.2.3, which will apply mutatis mutandis, to (a) Develop each Licensed Product in the Field anywhere in the world solely for obtaining Regulatory Approval of Licensed Products and Commercialization of Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory, and (b)

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conduct activities to be conducted by or on behalf of aTyr in the Kyorin Territory under the Global Development Plan and Kyorin Development Plan, as applicable.

7.1.1.2.Commercialization License in the Kyorin Territory. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, aTyr hereby grants Kyorin a non-transferable (except as provided in Section 14.1), sublicensable (subject to Section 7.1.1.3), royalty-bearing, exclusive (even as to aTyr and its Affiliates) license under the aTyr Licensed Technology and aTyr’s interest in the New Joint IP in the Kyorin Territory to Commercialize such Licensed Product in the Field in the Kyorin Territory.

7.1.1.3.Sublicensing Terms.

(a)In addition to its subcontracting rights pursuant to Section 3.6:

(i)Kyorin will have the right to sublicense any of its rights under Section 7.1.1.1 and 7.1.1.2, to any of its Affiliates (which sublicensed rights may be further sublicensable through multiple tiers) without the prior consent of aTyr, but subject to the requirements of this Section 7.1.1.3; and

(ii)Kyorin will have the right to sublicense any of its rights under Section 7.1.1.1 and Section 7.1.1.2 to any Third Party with aTyr’s prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), subject to the requirements of this Section 7.1.1.3; provided, however, that, for clarity, [***] will not constitute a sublicense requiring aTyr’s prior written consent, but [***] will be a sublicense requiring such aTyr’s prior written consent in accordance with the foregoing sentence.

(b)Without limiting Section 7.1.1.3(a)(i), each sublicense granted by Kyorin pursuant to this Section 7.1.1.3 will be subject and subordinate to this Agreement and will contain provisions that are not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Kyorin will, as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter, provide aTyr with a copy of any executed sublicense agreement covering a material sublicense granted hereunder (which copy may be redacted to remove financial provisions and other provisions which are not necessary to monitor compliance with this Section 7.1.1.3). Each such sublicense agreement will contain the following provisions: (i) a requirement that the Sublicensee comply with the confidentiality and non-use provisions of Section 9.1 with respect to aTyr’s Confidential Information, (ii) if such sublicense agreement contains a sublicense of any rights granted under Section 7.1.1.2, such sublicense agreement will also contain the following provisions: (A) a requirement that the Sublicensee submit applicable sales or other reports to Kyorin to the extent necessary or relevant to the reports required to be made or records required to be maintained under this Agreement; and (B) the audit requirement set forth in Section 8.7.3; (iii) a requirement that the Sublicensee comply with the applicable provisions under any in-license agreement of aTyr under which Kyorin elects to take a sublicense pursuant to Section 7.2.1, and (iv) provisions whereby Kyorin obtains ownership of, or a fully sublicensable license (or an exclusive option to obtain such license) under and to, any Know-How and Patents that are developed by the Sublicensee in the performance of such agreement and are reasonably necessary or useful to Develop or Commercialize Licensed Products in the Field, provided that the foregoing requirement to obtain ownership of, or a fully sublicensable license (or an exclusive option to obtain such license) will not apply to [***] unless [***].

(c)Notwithstanding any sublicense granted pursuant to this Section 7.1.1.3, Kyorin will remain liable to aTyr for the performance of all of Kyorin’s obligations under, and Kyorin’s compliance with all provisions of, this Agreement.

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7.1.2.License Grants to aTyr.

7.1.2.1.Development Licenses. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, Kyorin hereby grants aTyr:

(a)a non-transferable (except as provided in Section 14.1), sublicensable (subject to Section 7.1.2.3), royalty-free, milestone-free, non-exclusive license under the Kyorin Background Technology to (i) Develop such Licensed Product in the Field in the aTyr Territory and (ii) conduct activities to be conducted by or on behalf of aTyr in the Kyorin Territory under the Global Development Plan and Kyorin Development Plan, as applicable; and

(b)a non-transferable (except as provided in Section 14.1), sublicensable (subject to Section 7.1.2.3), royalty-free, milestone-free, exclusive (even as to Kyorin and its Affiliates) license under the New Kyorin IP and Kyorin’s interest in the New Joint IP to Develop such Licensed Product: (i) anywhere in the aTyr Territory for any and all uses and (ii) in the Kyorin Territory for uses outside of the Field, and a non-transferable (except as provided in Section 14.1), sublicensable (subject to Section 7.1.2.3), royalty-free, milestone-free, non-exclusive license under the New Kyorin IP and Kyorin’s interest in the New Joint IP to conduct activities to be conducted by or on behalf of aTyr in the Kyorin Territory under the Global Development Plan and Kyorin Development Plan, as applicable.

7.1.2.2.Commercialization Licenses in the aTyr Territory. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, Kyorin hereby grants aTyr:

(b)a non-transferable (except as provided in Section 14.1), sublicenseable (subject to Section 7.1.2.3), royalty-free, milestone-free, exclusive (even as to Kyorin and its Affiliates) license under the New Kyorin IP and Kyorin’s interest in the New Joint IP to Commercialize such Licensed Product: (i) anywhere in the aTyr Territory for any and all uses and (ii) in the Kyorin Territory for uses outside of the Field.

7.1.2.3.Sublicensing Terms.

(a)aTyr will have the right to sublicense any of its rights under Sections 7.1.2.1 and 7.1.2.2 to any of its Affiliates or to any Third Party (which sublicensed rights may be further sublicensable through multiple tiers) without the prior consent of Kyorin, subject to the requirements of this Section 7.1.2.3.

(b)Each sublicense granted by aTyr pursuant to this Section 7.1.2.3 will be subject and subordinate to this Agreement and will contain provisions consistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Each such sublicense agreement will contain the following provisions: (i) a requirement that the Sublicensee comply with the confidentiality and non-use provisions of Section 9.1 with respect to Kyorin’s Confidential Information; and (ii) a requirement that the Sublicensee comply with the applicable provisions under any in-license agreement of Kyorin under which aTyr elects to take a sublicense pursuant to Section 7.2.2.

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(c)Notwithstanding any sublicense granted pursuant to this Section 7.1.2.3, aTyr will remain liable to Kyorin for the performance of all of aTyr’s obligations under, and aTyr’s compliance with all provisions of, this Agreement.

7.2.Third Party In-Licenses.

7.2.1.aTyr. [***] associated with any agreements related to the aTyr Licensed Technology that exist as of the Effective Date, except as otherwise agreed by Kyorin in writing. In the event that, after the Effective Date, aTyr in-licenses aTyr Licensed Technology that is Controlled in the Kyorin Territory for purposes of any of the licenses granted to Kyorin under Section 7.1.1, [***], in which case Kyorin agrees to comply, and will cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to comply, with any obligations under such agreement of aTyr that apply to Kyorin, its Affiliates or its Sublicensees and of which Kyorin was informed by aTyr.

7.2.2.Kyorin. [***] associated with any agreements related to the Kyorin Background Technology that exist as of the Effective Date, except as otherwise agreed by aTyr in writing. In the event that, after the Effective Date, Kyorin in-licenses Kyorin Background Technology that is Controlled in the aTyr Territory for purposes of any of the license granted to aTyr under Section 7.1.2, [***], in which case aTyr agrees to comply, and will cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to comply, with any obligations under such agreement of Kyorin that apply to aTyr, its Affiliates or its Sublicensees and of which aTyr was informed by Kyorin.

7.3.Bankruptcy. All rights and licenses granted under or pursuant to this Agreement by a Party to the other are and will otherwise be deemed to be, for purposes of Section 365(n) of the Bankruptcy Code, licenses of right to “intellectual property” as defined under Section 101 of the Bankruptcy Code. The Parties agree that the Parties and their respective Sublicensees, as Sublicensees of such rights under this Agreement, will retain and may fully exercise all of their rights and elections under the Bankruptcy Code and any foreign counterpart thereto. The Parties further agree that upon commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding by or against a Party (the “Bankrupt Party”) under the Bankruptcy Code, the other Party (the “Non-Bankrupt Party”) will be entitled to a complete duplicate of, or complete access to (as the Non-Bankrupt Party deems appropriate), all such intellectual property and all embodiments of such intellectual property. Such intellectual property and all embodiments of such intellectual property will be promptly delivered to the Non-Bankrupt Party upon any such commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding and upon written request by the Non-Bankrupt Party, unless the Bankrupt Party elects to continue to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement. To the extent that such intellectual property and all embodiments of such intellectual property have not been delivered to the Non-Bankrupt Party upon commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding as described in the immediately preceding sentence, then they will be delivered to the Non-Bankrupt Party upon the rejection of this Agreement by or on behalf of the Bankrupt Party and upon written request by the Non-Bankrupt Party. The Bankrupt Party (in any capacity, including debtor-in-possession) and its successors and assigns (including any trustee) agree not to interfere with the exercise by the Non-Bankrupt Party or its Affiliates or permitted Sublicensees of its rights and licenses to such intellectual property and such embodiments of intellectual property in accordance with this Agreement, and agrees to assist the Non-Bankrupt Party and its Affiliates or permitted Sublicensees in obtaining such intellectual property and such embodiments of intellectual property in the possession or control of Third Parties as are reasonably necessary or desirable for the Non-Bankrupt Party to exercise such rights and licenses in accordance with this Agreement. The foregoing provisions are without prejudice to any rights the Non-Bankrupt Party may have arising under the Bankruptcy Code or other Laws.

7.4.Exclusivity. For the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on (i) the date that is [***] after the date of the First Commercial Sale of the first Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory or (ii) [***] following the date of any termination of this Agreement, whichever is earlier, Kyorin will not,

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and will cause its Affiliates not to, (a) alone or with any Affiliates or Third Parties Commercialize a Competing Product, or (b) enter into an agreement or other arrangement with any Third Party pursuant to which Kyorin or one of its Affiliates grants such Third Party any license or other rights to Commercialize a Competing Product.

7.5.No Other Rights. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, under no circumstances will a Party or any of its Affiliates, as a result of this Agreement, obtain any ownership interest, license or other right in or to any Know-How, Patents or other intellectual property rights of the other Party, including tangible or intangible items owned, controlled or developed by the other Party, or provided by the other Party to the receiving Party at any time, pursuant to this Agreement. Neither Party nor any of its Affiliates will use or practice any Know-How or Patents licensed or provided to such Party or any of its Affiliates outside the scope of or otherwise not in compliance with the rights and licenses granted to such Party and its Affiliates under this Agreement.

8.PAYMENTS

8.1.Upfront Fee. No later than ten (10) Business Days following the later of: (i) the Effective Date, or (ii) the date Kyorin receives originals of all applicable tax forms from aTyr to be filed with the appropriate tax authorities in Japan by Kyorin on behalf of aTyr, Kyorin will pay to aTyr, as a one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable payment, Eight Million Dollars ($8,000,000). As soon as Kyorin receives the completed applicable tax forms from aTyr, Kyorin will file such applicable tax forms with the appropriate tax authorities.

8.2.Regulatory Milestone Payments .

8.2.1.Regulatory Milestones. Subject to Section 8.2.2, Kyorin will make one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable milestone payments to aTyr (each, a “Regulatory Milestone Payment”) upon the first achievement of each of the regulatory milestone events set forth in this Section 8.2.1 (each, a “Regulatory Milestone Event”) by Kyorin or its Related Parties. The maximum total amount payable by Kyorin to aTyr under this Section 8.2.1 for all Licensed Products under this Agreement is [***] .


Regulatory Milestone Event	Regulatory Milestone Payment
1.[***]	[***]
2.[***]	[***]
3.[***]	[***]
4.[*] - [*]	[*] [*]
5.[***]	[***]
6.[***]	[***]

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7.[***]

- [***]

[***]

8.2.2.Payment Terms for Regulatory Milestone Payments . Kyorin will notify and pay to aTyr the amounts set forth in the table of Section 8.2.1 within [***] days after the achievement of the applicable Regulatory Milestone Event by Kyorin or its Related Parties.

8.3.Sales Milestone Payments.

8.3.1.Sales Milestones. Subject to Section 8.3.2, Kyorin will make one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable milestone payments to aTyr (each, a “Sales Milestone Payment”) when aggregate Annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory in a given Calendar Year first reach the Japanese Yen threshold values indicated below (each, a Sales Milestone Event”) during the Term:


Sales Milestone Event	Sales Milestone Payment
[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]

For clarity, the Sales Milestone Payments will each be paid only once, such that, the maximum total amount payable by Kyorin to aTyr under this Section 8.3 is [***]; provided, however, that the Sales Milestone Payments will be additive, such that, if all four (4) Sales Milestone Events set forth in the table above are achieved in the same Calendar Year, Kyorin will pay to aTyr the total amount of [***] in a single payment to be made in accordance with Section 8.3.2.

8.3.2.Payment Terms for Sales Milestone Payments. Kyorin will notify aTyr of the achievement of any Sales Milestone Event at the same time as Kyorin submits to aTyr a written report provided in Section 8.7.2 and will pay to aTyr the amount of the applicable Sales Milestone Payment no later than [***] days after the end of the [***] in which such Sales Milestone Event was achieved.

8.4.Royalties. During the applicable Royalty Term and subject to Section 8.5, Kyorin will make non-refundable, non-creditable royalty payments to aTyr, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, based on aggregate Annual Net Sales of such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory by Kyorin and its Related Parties at the royalty rates set forth below:


Aggregate Annual Net Sales	Royalty Rate
[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]

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[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]

8.5.Additional Royalty Terms.

8.5.1.Royalty Term. Subject to the remainder of this Section 8.5 , on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, the royalties due under Section 8.4 will be payable on Annual Net Sales from the First Commercial Sale of such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory until the latest of: (a) the earlier of (i) the expiration of the last Valid Claim of the aTyr Licensed Patents Covering such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory, or (ii) the first commercial sale by any Person other than Kyorin or its Affiliate or Sublicensee in the Kyorin Territory of any pharmaceutical preparation containing an active ingredient having the same amino-acid sequences as ATYR1923 including any Biosimilar Product; (b) the expiration of Regulatory Exclusivity for such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory; and (c) ten (10) years after the First Commercial Sale of such Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory (the “Royalty Term”).

8.5.2.Only One Royalty. Only one royalty will be due with respect to the sale of the same unit of Licensed Product. Only one royalty will be due hereunder on the sale of a Licensed Product even if the manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale or importation of such Licensed Product infringes more than one claim of the aTyr Licensed Patents.

8.5.3.Third Party Offsets. Kyorin will have the right to reduce royalties payable to aTyr pursuant to Section 8.4 by [***] of any royalty payments that Kyorin makes to a Third Party to license any issued Patent Covering the same active pharmaceutical ingredient as that of ATYR1923, provided that in no event will the royalties otherwise due to aTyr for any Licensed Product in a Calendar Quarter during the Royalty Term for such Licensed Product be reduced by more than [***] of the amount that would otherwise be due to aTyr in such Calendar Quarter for such Licensed Product but for the reduction permitted under this Section 8.5.3.

8.6.Other Amounts Payable. With respect to any amounts owed under this Agreement by one Party to the other for which no other invoicing and payment procedure is specified in this Section 8, within [***] days after the end of each Calendar Quarter, each Party will provide an invoice, together with reasonable supporting documentation, to the other Party for such amounts owed in respect of such Calendar Quarter. The owing Party will pay any undisputed amounts within [***] days of receipt of the invoice, and any disputed amounts owed by a Party will be paid within [***] days of resolution of the dispute.

8.7.Payment Terms.

8.7.1.Manner of Payment. All payments to be made by Kyorin hereunder will be made in Dollars by wire transfer to such bank account as aTyr may designate.

8.7.2.Reports and Royalty Payments. Within [***] Business Days after the end of each month after the First Commercial Sale of a Licensed Product, Kyorin will submit to aTyr a written flash report setting forth its reasonable good faith estimates of the number of units of each Licensed Product sold by Kyorin and is Related Parties during such month and, with such report for the last month in a given Calendar Quarter, its reasonable good faith estimates of the Net Sales of each Licensed Product during such Calendar Quarter for aTyr internal reporting purposes. All amounts payable to aTyr pursuant to Section 8.4 will be paid within [***] days after the end of each Calendar Quarter. Each such payment of royalties due to aTyr will be accompanied by a written report showing in Dollars the amount of Net Sales of Licensed

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Products and the royalty due from such Calendar Quarter and the cumulative amount of Net Sales from prior Calendar Quarters of the same Calendar Year. The report will include, at a minimum, the following information for the applicable Calendar Quarter, each listed by Licensed Product: (a) the number of units of each Licensed Product on which royalties are owed to aTyr hereunder sold either by Kyorin or its Related Parties; (b) the gross amount received for such sales; (c) the calculation of Net Sales from such gross amount received (including the exchange rate applied in converting from local currency to Dollars); and (d) the royalties owed to aTyr. All such reports will be treated as Confidential Information of Kyorin. If aTyr determines that the calculation of Net Sales for a Calendar Quarter in a royalty report deviates from the amounts previously reported to aTyr for any reason (such as, on account of additional amounts collected or Licensed Product returns), then Kyorin and aTyr will reasonably cooperate to reconcile any such deviations to the extent necessary under applicable legal or financial reporting requirements.

8.7.3.Records and Audits. Kyorin will keep, and will cause its Related Parties to keep, complete, true and accurate books and records in accordance with its Accounting Standards in relation to this Agreement, including in relation to Net Sales and royalties. Kyorin will keep, and will cause its Related Parties to keep, such books and records for at least [***] following the Calendar Year to which they pertain. aTyr may, upon written request, cause an internationally-recognized independent accounting firm (the “Auditor”), which is reasonably acceptable to Kyorin, to inspect the relevant records of Kyorin and its Affiliates to verify the payments made by Kyorin and the related reports, statements and books of accounts, as applicable. Before beginning its audit, the Auditor will execute an undertaking reasonably acceptable to Kyorin by which the Auditor agrees to keep confidential all information reviewed during the audit. The Auditor will have the right to disclose to aTyr only its conclusions regarding any payments owed under this Agreement. Kyorin and its Affiliates will make their records available for inspection by the Auditor during regular business hours at such place or places where such records are customarily kept, upon receipt of reasonable advance notice from aTyr. The records will be reviewed solely to verify the accuracy of Kyorin’s royalties and other payment obligations and compliance with the financial terms of this Agreement. Such inspection right will not be exercised more than once in any Calendar Year and not more frequently than once with respect to records covering any specific period of time. In addition, aTyr will only be entitled to audit the books and records of Kyorin for the three (3) Calendar Years prior to the Calendar Year in which the audit request is made. aTyr agrees to hold in strict confidence all information received and all information learned in the course of any audit or inspection, except to the extent necessary to enforce its rights under this Agreement or to the extent required to comply with any Laws. The Auditor will provide its audit report and basis for any determination to Kyorin at the time such report is provided to aTyr before it is considered final. In the event that the final result of the inspection reveals an undisputed underpayment or overpayment by Kyorin, the underpaid or overpaid amount will be settled promptly. aTyr will pay for such inspections, as well as its expenses associated with enforcing its rights with respect to any payments hereunder, except, if an underpayment of more than five percent (5%) of the total payments due hereunder for the applicable Calendar Year is discovered, then the fees and expenses charged by the Auditor will be paid by Kyorin.

8.7.4.Currency Exchange. The exchange rate for converting Net Sales from the local currency to Dollars for the purpose of computing payments to aTyr under Section 8.4 will be the central rate on the last day of the Calendar Quarter, as quoted by Mizuho Bank, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, to which such royalty payment relates.

8.7.5.Taxes.

8.7.5.1.Kyorin may withhold from payments due to aTyr amounts for payment of any withholding tax that is required by Law to be paid to any taxing authority with respect to such payments. Kyorin will provide aTyr with all relevant documents and correspondence, and will also provide to aTyr any other cooperation or assistance on a reasonable basis as may be necessary to enable aTyr to claim

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exemption from such withholding taxes and to receive a refund of such withholding tax or claim a foreign tax credit. Kyorin will give proper evidence from time to time as to the payment of any such tax. The Parties will cooperate with each other in seeking deductions under any double taxation or other similar treaty or agreement from time to time in force. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Kyorin assigns its rights and obligations hereunder to, or otherwise causes payments to be made to aTyr by, an Affiliate or Third Party outside of the United States pursuant to Section 14.1 or uses intellectual property described herein outside of the United States, and if Kyorin or such Affiliate or Third Party is required by applicable Law to withhold any additional taxes from or in respect of any amount payable under this Agreement as a result of such assignment, then any such amount payable under this Agreement will be increased to take into account the additional taxes withheld as may be necessary so that, after making all required withholdings (including withholdings on the withheld amounts), aTyr receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such withholding been made; provided, however, that Kyorin will have no obligation to pay any additional amount to the extent that the withholding tax would not have been imposed but for (a) the failure by aTyr to take advantage of an otherwise available exemption from or reduction in the rate of withholding tax under any applicable income tax convention between the United States and the jurisdiction in which such Affiliate or Third Party is domiciled, or (b) the assignment by aTyr of its rights under this Agreement or any redomiciliation of aTyr outside of the United States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Kyorin has an obligation to pay additional amounts to account for withholding taxes, it will be entitled to a full amount of any foreign tax credit attributable to aTyr if and when realized in cash by aTyr as a result of such payment.

8.7.5.2.Apart from any such permitted withholding and those deductions expressly included in the definition of Net Sales, the amounts payable hereunder will not be reduced on account of any taxes, charges, duties or other levies.

8.7.6.Blocked Payments. In the event that, by reason of applicable Law in any country, it becomes impossible or illegal for Kyorin to transfer, or have transferred on its behalf, payments owed to aTyr hereunder, Kyorin will promptly notify aTyr of the conditions preventing such transfer and such payments will be deposited in local currency in the Kyorin Territory to the credit of aTyr in a recognized banking institution designated by aTyr or, if none is designated by aTyr within a period of [***] days, in a recognized banking institution selected by Kyorin, as the case may be, and identified in a written notice given to aTyr.

8.7.7.Interest Due. Kyorin will pay aTyr interest on any undisputed payments that are not paid on or before the date such payments are due under this Agreement at a rate of [***] or the maximum applicable legal rate, if less, calculated on the total number of days payment is delinquent.

8.8.Mutual Convenience. The royalty and other payment obligations set forth hereunder have been agreed to by the Parties for the purpose of reflecting and advancing their mutual convenience, including the ease of calculating and paying royalties and other amounts to each Party.

9.CONFIDENTIALITY AND PUBLICATION

9.1.Nondisclosure and Non-Use Obligations.

9.1.1.All Confidential Information disclosed by one Party to the other Party under this Agreement will be maintained in confidence by the receiving Party and will not be disclosed to a Third Party or used for any purpose except pursuant to the licenses granted under this Agreement as otherwise set forth herein or any other written agreement between the Parties, without the prior written consent of the disclosing Party, except to the extent that such Confidential Information:

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(a)is known by the receiving Party at the time of its receipt, and not through a prior disclosure by the disclosing Party, as documented by the receiving Party’s business records;

(b)is known to the public before its receipt from the disclosing Party, or thereafter becomes generally known to the public through no breach of this Agreement by the receiving Party;

(c)is subsequently disclosed to the receiving Party by a Third Party who is not known by the receiving Party to be under an obligation of confidentiality to the disclosing Party; or

(d)is developed by or on behalf of the receiving Party independently of Confidential Information received from the disclosing Party, as documented by the receiving Party’s business records.

Specific aspects or details of Confidential Information will not be deemed to be within the public domain or in the possession of the receiving Party merely because the Confidential Information is encompassed by more general information in the public domain or in the possession of the receiving Party. Further, any combination of Confidential Information will not be considered in the public domain or in the possession of the receiving Party merely because individual elements of such Confidential Information are in the public domain or in the possession of the receiving Party unless the combination and its principles are in the public domain or in the possession of the receiving Party.

The existence and terms of this Agreement are hereby deemed to be the Confidential Information of each Party.

9.1.2.Notwithstanding the obligations of confidentiality and non-use set forth above, a receiving Party may provide Confidential Information disclosed to it and disclose the existence and terms of this Agreement, in each case, as may be reasonably required in order to perform its obligations or to exercise its rights under this Agreement, and specifically to (a) the receiving Party’s Affiliates, Sublicensees or Third Party contractors with respect to Licensed Products, and their employees, directors, agents, consultants, or advisors to the extent necessary for the potential or actual performance of its obligations or exercise of its rights under this Agreement, in each case who are under an obligation of confidentiality and non-use with respect to such information that is no less stringent than the terms of this Section 9.1; (b) governmental or other Regulatory Authorities in order to obtain Patents or perform its obligations or exercise its rights under this Agreement, provided that such Confidential Information will be disclosed only to the extent reasonably necessary to do so, and where permitted, subject to confidential treatment; (c) the extent required by Law, including by the rules or regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or similar regulatory agency in a country other than the United States or of any stock exchange or listing entity; (d) with respect to the terms of this Agreement only, any bona fide actual or prospective acquirers, underwriters, investors, lenders or other financing sources and any bona fide actual or prospective collaborators, licensors, Sublicensees, licensees or strategic partners and to employees, directors, agents, consultants or advisers of such Third Party, in each case who are under obligations of confidentiality and non-use with respect to such information that are no less stringent than the terms of this Section 9.1 (but of duration customary in confidentiality agreements entered into for a similar purpose); and (e) to any Third Party to the extent a Party is required to do so pursuant to the terms of an in-license agreement with such Third Party relating to the intellectual property rights sublicensed by such Party hereunder. If a Party is required by Law to disclose Confidential Information of the other Party that is subject to the confidentiality or non-use provisions of this Section 9.1, such Party will promptly inform the other Party of the disclosure that is being sought in order to provide the other Party an opportunity to challenge or limit the disclosure. Notwithstanding Section 9.1.1, Confidential Information that is permitted or required to be disclosed will remain otherwise subject to the confidentiality and non-use provisions of this Section 9.1. If either Party concludes that a copy of this Agreement must be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange

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Commission or similar regulatory agency in a country other than the United States, such Party will, a reasonable time prior to any such filing, provide the other Party with a copy of such agreement showing any provisions hereof as to which the Party proposes to request confidential treatment, will provide the other Party with an opportunity to comment on any such proposed redactions and to suggest additional redactions, and will take such Party’s reasonable comments into consideration before filing such agreement and use reasonable efforts to have terms identified by such other Party afforded confidential treatment by the applicable regulatory agency.

9.2.Publication and Publicity.

9.2.1.Publication. Except for disclosures permitted pursuant to Sections 9.1 and 9.3.3, if a Party wishes to make a publication or public presentation that contains any Confidential Information of the other Party (for clarity, any results of Development activities performed by or on behalf of a Party will be the Confidential Information of such Party) or, [***], such Party will deliver to the other Party a copy of the proposed written publication or presentation at least [***] Business Days prior to submission for publication or presentation. Such other Party will have the right (a) to propose modifications to the publication or presentation for patent reasons or trade secret reasons or to remove its Confidential Information, and the publishing Party will remove all Confidential Information of the other Party if so requested by the other Party and otherwise will incorporate the other Party’s reasonable comments, or (b) to request a reasonable delay in publication or presentation in order to protect patentable information. If such other Party requests a delay, the publishing Party will delay submission or presentation for a period of [***] days after the date of such request (or such shorter period as may be mutually agreed by the Parties) to enable the other Party to file patent applications protecting such other Party’s rights in such information. With respect to any proposed publications or disclosures by investigators or academic or non-profit collaborators, such materials will be subject to review under this Section 9.2.1 to the extent that the publishing Party has the right and ability (after using Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain such right and ability) to do so. The publishing Party will not submit or publish any article or other publication to or with any scientific journal or other publisher that requires, as a condition of publication, that the publishing Party agree to make available to the publisher or Third Parties any Materials which are the subject of the publication. aTyr agrees to provide a notice to Kyorin with regard to any publication or presentation by aTyr that includes any results of Development activities with respect to any Licensed Product which does not include any Confidential Information of Kyorin in advance of submission for such publication or presentation, together with a copy of the proposed written publication or presentation.

9.2.2.Publicity. Except as set forth in Section 9.1, 9.2.1 or 9.3, the terms of this Agreement may not be disclosed by either Party, and neither Party will use the name, Trademark, trade name or logo of the other Party or its employees in any publicity, news release or other disclosure relating to this Agreement, its subject matter, or the Collaboration without the prior express written permission of the other Party, except (a) as may be required by applicable Law, including by the rules or regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or similar regulatory agency in any country other than the United States or of any stock exchange or listing entity, provided that the Party making such disclosure or use of the name, Trademark, trade name or logo of the other Party or its employees, gives the other Parties reasonable prior notice and otherwise complies with Section 9.1.2, or (b) as expressly permitted by the terms hereof.

9.3.Press Release.

9.3.1.Each Party will each issue a press release at such timing as the Parties agree in advance of such press release in accordance with applicable Laws.

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9.3.2.Except as provided in Section 9.2.2 or this Section 9.3, neither Party will issue a press release or public announcement relating to this Agreement without the prior written approval of the other Party (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), except that a Party may (a) once a press release or other public statement is approved in writing by both Parties, make subsequent public disclosure of the information contained in such press release or other written statement without the further approval of the other Party, and (b) issue a press release or public announcement as required by applicable Law, including by the rules or regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or similar regulatory agency in a country other than the United States or of any stock exchange or listing entity, provided that the Party issuing such press release gives reasonable prior notice to the other Party of and the opportunity to comment on the press release or public announcement, and otherwise complies with this Section 9. In addition, aTyr may, with Kyorin’s prior written approval, issue a press release regarding the payment or receipt of any milestone payments under this Agreement with respect to any Licensed Products, provided that such press release complies with this Section 9.3.

9.3.3.Notwithstanding anything in this Section 9.3 to the contrary, either Party may issue a press release or make a public disclosure relating to such Party’s Development, Manufacturing or Commercialization activities with respect to Licensed Products in such Party’s Territory, provided that such press release or public disclosure does not disclose Confidential Information of the other Party. Prior to making any such disclosure under this Section 9.3.3, however, disclosing Party will provide the other Party with a draft of such proposed disclosure within a reasonable time (but at least [***] Business Days) prior to disclosure for such other Party’s review and comment, and the disclosing Party will consider in good faith any timely comments provided by the other Party.

10.REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS

10.1.Mutual Representations and Warranties as of the Effective Date. Each Party represents and warrants to the other Party that, as of the Effective Date:

10.1.1.such Party is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation;

10.1.2.such Party has all requisite corporate power and corporate authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out its obligations under this Agreement;

10.1.3.all requisite corporate action on the part of such Party, its directors and stockholders required by applicable Law for the authorization, execution and delivery by such Party of this Agreement, and the performance of all obligations of such Party under this Agreement, has been taken;

10.1.4.the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, and compliance with the provisions of this Agreement, by such Party do not and will not: (a) violate any provision of applicable Law or any ruling, writ, injunction, order, permit, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority, (b) constitute a breach of, or default under (or an event which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become a default under) or conflict with, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of, any agreement, arrangement or instrument, whether written or oral, by which such Party or any of its assets are bound, or (c) violate or conflict with any of the provisions of such Party’s organizational documents (including any articles or memoranda of organization or association, charter, bylaws or similar documents); and

10.1.5.no consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or filing with, or notice to, any Governmental Authority or other Third Party is required to be obtained or made by such Party in connection with the authorization, execution and delivery by such Party of this Agreement.

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10.2.Additional Representations and Warranties of aTyr. aTyr represents and warrants to Kyorin that, as of the Effective Date:

10.2.1.aTyr and aTyr Affiliates Control all right, title and interest in and to the aTyr Licensed Technology, and has the right to grant the license under the aTyr Licensed Technology to Kyorin set forth in this Agreement free of any lien or other encumbrance in favor of any Third Party;

10.2.2.to the Best Knowledge, the aTyr Licensed Patents are the only Patents that are Controlled by aTyr or aTyr Affiliates that are necessary for the Development and Commercialization of the Licensed Products in the Field in the Kyorin Territory;

10.2.3.(i) to the Best Knowledge, the issued Patents within the aTyr Licensed Patents are valid and enforceable, and (ii) neither aTyr nor aTyr’s Affiliate has knowledge of any cause which could reasonably be expected to invalidate the pending patent applications within the aTyr Licensed Patents or the Patents to be issued therefrom;

10.2.4.neither aTyr nor aTyr Affiliates have granted to any Third Party any rights in the aTyr Licensed Technology that are inconsistent with the rights granted to Kyorin under this Agreement;

10.2.5.to the Best Knowledge, no claims of infringement, misappropriation or other conflict with any intellectual property rights or other rights of any Third Party have been made or threatened with respect to aTyr’s Development or use of the Licensed Products;

10.2.6.to the Best Knowledge, the Development, Manufacturing and Commercialization of any Licensed Product by aTyr as of Effective Date do not infringe any issued patent of which aTyr is aware;

10.2.7.to the Best Knowledge, there is no infringement or misappropriation of any aTyr Licensed Technology by any Third Party;

10.2.8.to the Best Knowledge, the Development of the Licensed Product (including obtainment of the aTyr Licensed Technology) by or on behalf of aTyr has been conducted in compliance in all material respects with the applicable Laws;

10.2.9.there is no pending action or action threatened in writing (or to the Best Knowledge, threatened orally) by any Third Party, including the relevant Governmental Authorities, in relation with the aTyr Licensed Technology or the Licensed Product;

10.2.10.the Yearly Funding Plan for the Calendar Year 2020 submitted to Kyorin before the Effective Date is prepared based on aTyr’s good faith estimation; and

10.2.11.to the Best Knowledge, all information furnished by aTyr to Kyorin up through and including the Effective Date concerning any Licensed Product (including safety and efficacy thereof) is accurate and complete in all material respects.

10.3.Warranty Disclaimer. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER PARTY MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR EXTENDS ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO THE OTHER PARTY WITH RESPECT TO ANY PATENTS, KNOW-HOW, MATERIALS, LICENSED PRODUCT, GOODS, SERVICES, RIGHTS OR OTHER SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL OF THE

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FOREGOING. EACH PARTY HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OR COMMERCIALIZATION OF ANY LICENSED PRODUCT PURSUANT TO THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE SUCCESSFUL.

10.4.Certain Covenants.

10.4.1.Compliance. Kyorin will, and will cause its Related Parties to, conduct the Collaboration and the Development and Commercialization of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory in accordance with all applicable Laws. aTyr will, and will cause its Related Parties to, conduct all Development activities with respect to Licensed Products to be conducted by aTyr under this Agreement in accordance with all applicable Laws.

10.4.2.No Debarment. Each Party will use reasonable efforts to not use, in any capacity in connection with the Collaboration or the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, any Person that has been debarred pursuant to Section 306 of the FD&C Act, as amended, or that is the subject of a conviction described in such section, or, in the case of Kyorin, such equivalent Laws applicable in the Kyorin Territory. Each Party agrees to inform the other Party in writing immediately if it or any Person that is performing the Collaboration or any other activities under this Agreement, is debarred or is subject to debarment or is the subject of a conviction described in Section 306 of the FD&C Act or, in the case of Kyorin, such equivalent Laws applicable in the Kyorin Territory, or if any action, suit, claim, investigation or legal or administrative proceeding is pending or, to the best of the notifying Party’s knowledge, is threatened, relating to the debarment or conviction of the notifying Party or any Person or entity used in any capacity by such Party or any of its Affiliates in connection with the Collaboration or the performance of its other obligations under this Agreement.

10.4.3.Conflicting Transactions. During the Term, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, aTyr will not, and will cause its Affiliates not to, enter into any agreement with any Third Party under which aTyr or its Affiliates grant a license or other right under the aTyr Licensed Technology that is inconsistent with this Agreement for such Licensed Product. During the Term, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, Kyorin will not, and will cause its Affiliates not to, enter into any agreement with any Third Party under which Kyorin or its Affiliates grant a license or other right under the Kyorin Background Technology or New Kyorin IP that is inconsistent with this Agreement for such Licensed Product.

10.4.4.Yearly Funding Plan. aTyr will, no later than [***] after the end of each Calendar Year, provide Kyorin with a Yearly Funding Plan for the next Calendar Year, provided that the Yearly Funding Plan for the Calendar Year 2020 will be as attached as a schedule to the Letter Agreement. Should aTyr acknowledge any change or expected change in the Yearly Funding Plan that would reasonably be expected to materially affect [***], it will [***] notify Kyorin of such change and discuss with Kyorin [***].

11.INDEMNIFICATION; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INSURANCE

11.1.General Indemnification by Kyorin. Kyorin will indemnify, hold harmless and defend aTyr, its Affiliates, and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (“aTyr Indemnitees”) from and against any and all liabilities, damages, costs, fees and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses) (collectively, “Losses”) incurred by any of the aTyr Indemnitees in connection with Third Party claims or suits to the extent arising out of or resulting from, directly or indirectly, (a) any breach of any representation or warranty made by Kyorin in this Agreement, or any breach or violation of any covenant or agreement of Kyorin in, or in the performance of, this Agreement, (b) the negligence or willful misconduct by or of Kyorin or any of its Related Parties, or any of their respective directors, officers,

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employees or agents in the performance of Kyorin’s obligations under this Agreement, or (c) the Development or Commercialization of Licensed Products by or on behalf of Kyorin or any of its Related Parties pursuant to this Agreement. Kyorin will have no obligation to indemnify the aTyr Indemnitees to the extent that the Losses arise out of or result from, directly or indirectly, any matters for which aTyr is obligated to indemnify Kyorin Indemnitees under Section 11.2.

11.2.General Indemnification by aTyr. aTyr will indemnify, hold harmless, and defend Kyorin, its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (“Kyorin Indemnitees”) from and against any and all Losses incurred by any of the Kyorin Indemnitees in connection with Third Party claims or suits to the extent arising out of or resulting from, directly or indirectly, (a) any breach of any representation or warranty made by aTyr in this Agreement, or any breach or violation of any covenant or agreement of aTyr in, or in the performance of, this Agreement, (b) the negligence or willful misconduct by or of aTyr or any of its Affiliates or Sublicensees, or any of and their respective directors, officers, employees or agents in the performance of aTyr’s obligations under this Agreement, or (c) the Development or Commercialization of Licensed Products by or on behalf of aTyr or any of its Affiliates or Sublicensees pursuant to this Agreement. aTyr will have no obligation to indemnify the Kyorin Indemnitees to the extent that the Losses arise out of or result from, directly or indirectly, any matters for which Kyorin is obligated to indemnify aTyr Indemnitees under Section 11.1.

11.3.Indemnification Procedure. The party entitled to indemnification under Section 11 (an “Indemnified Party”) will notify the Party potentially responsible for such indemnification (the “Indemnifying Party”) in writing promptly upon being notified of or having actual knowledge of any claim or claims asserted or threatened against the Indemnified Party which could give rise to a right of indemnification under this Agreement, provided that the failure to give such notice will not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its indemnity obligation hereunder except to the extent that such failure materially prejudices the Indemnifying Party. If the Indemnifying Party has acknowledged in writing to the Indemnified Party the Indemnifying Party’s responsibility for defending a claim, the Indemnifying Party will have the right to defend, at its sole cost and expense, such claim by all appropriate proceedings, provided that the Indemnifying Party may not enter into any compromise or settlement unless (a) such compromise or settlement imposes only a monetary obligation on the Indemnifying Party and includes as an unconditional term thereof, the giving by each claimant or plaintiff to the Indemnified Party of a release from all liability in respect of such claim; or (b) the Indemnified Party consents to such compromise or settlement, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed unless such compromise or settlement involves (i) any admission of legal wrongdoing by the Indemnified Party, (ii) any payment by the Indemnified Party that is not indemnified under this Agreement, or (iii) the imposition of any equitable relief against the Indemnified Party. The Indemnified Party will cooperate with the Indemnifying Party and may participate in, but not control, any defense or settlement of any claim controlled by the Indemnifying Party pursuant to this Section 11.3 and will bear its own costs and expenses with respect to such participation, provided that the Indemnifying Party will bear such costs and expenses if counsel for the Indemnifying Party will have reasonably determined that such counsel may not properly represent both the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party. If the Indemnifying Party does not elect to assume control of the defense of a claim or if a good faith and diligent defense, in the Indemnified Party’s reasonable opinion, is not being or ceases to be materially conducted by the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnified Party will have the right, at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, upon at least [***] Business Days’ prior written notice to the Indemnifying Party of its intent to do so, to undertake the defense of such claim for the account of the Indemnifying Party (with counsel reasonably selected by the Indemnified Party and approved by the Indemnifying Party, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), provided that the Indemnified Party will keep the Indemnifying Party apprised of all material developments with respect to such claim. The Indemnified Party may not enter into any compromise or settlement without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.

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11.4.Limitation of Liability. NEITHER PARTY WILL BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR THE EXERCISE OF ITS RIGHTS OR THE PERFORMANCE OF ITS OBLIGATIONS HEREUNDER, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, REGARDLESS OF ANY NOTICE OF SUCH DAMAGES, EXCEPT AS A RESULT OF (A) A PARTY’S GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT OR (B) BREACH OF ANY CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS ARISING PURSUANT TO SECTION 9. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION 11.4 IS INTENDED TO LIMIT OR RESTRICT THE INDEMNIFICATION RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS OF EITHER PARTY UNDER THIS SECTION 11.

11.5.Insurance. Each Party will obtain and maintain insurance during the Term and for a period of at least [***] after the last commercial sale of any Licensed Product in its Territory for which it is responsible, with a reputable, solvent insurer in an amount appropriate for its business and products of the type that are the subject of this Agreement, and for its obligations under this Agreement. Specifically, each Party will maintain product liability insurance and clinical trial liability insurance with limits of at least [***] per occurrence and in annual aggregate. Upon request, each Party will provide the other Party with evidence of the existence and maintenance of such insurance coverage. Each Party will provide the other Party with at least [***] days prior written notice of any material change (including cancellation or non-renewal) in the then-current applicable insurance policies including with respect to the amount of coverage or other terms.

12.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

12.1.Inventorship.

12.1.1.Determination of Inventorship. Inventorship for inventions and discoveries (including Know-How) first made during the course of the Collaboration will be determined in accordance with United States patent Laws for determining inventorship.

12.1.2.JRA Exception. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, each Party will have the right to invoke the America Invents Act Joint Research Agreement exception codified at 35 U.S.C. § 102(c) (the “JRA Exception”) when exercising its rights under this Agreement, but only with prior written consent of the other Party in its sole discretion. In the event that a Party intends to invoke the JRA Exception, once agreed to by the other Party if required by the preceding sentence, it will notify the other Party and the other Party will cooperate and coordinate its activities with such Party with respect to any filings or other activities in support thereof. The Parties acknowledge and agree that this Agreement is a “joint research agreement” as defined 35 U.S.C. § 100(h).

12.2.Ownership.

12.2.1.aTyr will own the entire right, title and interest in and to all Know-How (and Patents claiming inventions therein) first developed or conceived solely by or on behalf of aTyr in the performance of the Collaboration (“New aTyr IP”).

12.2.2.Kyorin will own the entire right, title and interest in and to all Know-How (and Patents claiming inventions therein) first developed or conceived solely by or on behalf of Kyorin in the performance of the Collaboration (“New Kyorin IP”).

12.2.3.Each Party will own an undivided one-half right, title and interest in and to all Know-How (and Patents claiming inventions therein) first developed or conceived jointly by or on behalf of the Parties in the performance of the Collaboration (“New Joint IP”).

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12.3.Covenants in Support of Joint Ownership of New Joint IP. Each Party may exercise its ownership rights in and to such New Joint IP, including the right to license and sublicense or otherwise to exploit, transfer or encumber its ownership interest, without an accounting or obligation to, or consent required from, the other Party, but subject to the licenses under this Agreement and the other terms and conditions of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, under no circumstance will Kyorin have the right to grant a sublicense of any New Joint IP to any Third Party for the use, sale, offer for sale or import of any Licensed Product in the aTyr Territory and under no circumstance will aTyr have the right to grant a sublicense of any New Joint IP to any Third Party for the use, sale, offer for sale or import of any Licensed Product in the Field in the Kyorin Territory during the Term. At the reasonable written request of a Party, the other Party will in writing grant such consents and confirm that no such accounting is required to effect the foregoing regarding New Joint IP. Each Party, for itself and on behalf of its Affiliates, licensees and sublicensees, and employees, subcontractors, consultants and agents of any of the foregoing, hereby assigns (and to the extent such assignment can only be made in the future hereby agrees to assign), to the other Party a joint and undivided interest in and to all New Joint IP.

12.4.Disclosure of Inventions. Each Party will, promptly but no later than [***] days after the applicable Party’s intellectual property department receives notice of the development or conception of any invention within any New aTyr IP, New Kyorin IP or New Joint IP, as the case may be, disclose such invention to the other Party, and such disclosure will contain sufficient detail to assess whether such invention is New aTyr IP, New Kyorin IP or New Joint IP.

12.5.Prosecution and Maintenance of Patents.

12.5.1.Kyorin.

12.5.1.1.Prosecution and Maintenance of Kyorin Controlled Patents. Subject to the remainder of this Section 12.5.1, as between the Parties, Kyorin will have, at its sole discretion, sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to Prosecute and Maintain in Kyorin’s name all Patents within the New Kyorin IP (the “New Kyorin Patents”) and all Patents within the Kyorin Background Technology (the “Kyorin Background Patents” and, together with the New Kyorin Patents, the “Kyorin Controlled Patents”). For the avoidance of doubt, subject to Section 12.5.1.2, Kyorin may elect to Abandon any Kyorin Controlled Patents in the aTyr Territory and the Kyorin Territory. For the purpose of Section 12.5, “Abandon” means (i) not to Prosecute and Maintain a Patent, or (ii) not to continue to Prosecute and Maintain a Patent claiming priority to a Patent prior to its issuance. Kyorin will furnish to aTyr, via electronic mail or such other method as mutually agreed by the Parties, copies of proposed filings and documents received from patent counsel in the course of Prosecuting and Maintaining the New Kyorin Patents in the aTyr Territory, or copies of documents filed with the relevant national patent offices or other Governmental Authorities with respect to the New Kyorin Patents in the aTyr Territory, and such other material documents related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of the New Kyorin Patents in the aTyr Territory, in sufficient time prior to filing such document or making any payment due thereunder to allow for review and comment by aTyr. Kyorin will consider in good faith timely comments and recommendations made by aTyr in connection with such review.

12.5.1.2.No Prosecution and Maintenance of New Kyorin Patents. In the event that Kyorin elects to Abandon any New Kyorin Patent in the aTyr Territory or the Kyorin Territory that includes any composition of matter or method claim with respect to any Licensed Product, Kyorin will notify aTyr of such election at least [***] days before any such New Kyorin Patent would become abandoned, no longer available or otherwise forfeited. aTyr will have the right (but not the obligation), at aTyr’s sole discretion, and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to Prosecute and Maintain in the aTyr Territory such New Kyorin Patent (which right will include the right to file additional Patents claiming priority to such Patent) in the name of Kyorin. Kyorin will furnish to aTyr, via electronic mail or

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such other method as mutually agreed by the Parties, documents received from patent counsel in the course of Prosecuting and Maintaining such assumed New Kyorin Patent, or documents filed with the relevant national patent offices or other Governmental Authorities with respect to such assumed New Kyorin Patent, and such other material documents related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of such assumed New Kyorin Patent, in sufficient time prior to filing such document or making any payment due thereunder to allow for review and comment by Kyorin. Kyorin will sign, or will use reasonable efforts to have signed, all legal documents as are reasonably necessary for aTyr to assume the Prosecution and Maintenance of such New Kyorin Patent. For the avoidance of doubt, if Kyorin elects to Abandon: (i) any New Kyorin Patent in the Kyorin Territory or in the aTyr Territory that does not include any composition of matter or method claim with respect to any Licensed Product; or (ii) any Kyorin Background Patents anywhere in the world, Kyorin will not be required to notify to that effect.

12.5.2.aTyr.

12.5.2.1.Prosecution and Maintenance of aTyr Licensed Patents in the Kyorin Territory. Subject to remainder of this Section 12.5.2 and to Section 12.5.3 with respect to any Joint Patents, as between the Parties, aTyr will, at its sole responsibility for all applicable Patents Costs, Prosecute and Maintain in aTyr’s name and in the Kyorin Territory all aTyr Licensed Patents. aTyr will furnish to Kyorin, via electronic mail or such other method as mutually agreed by the Parties, copies of proposed PCT or national filings and documents received from patent counsel in the course of Prosecuting and Maintaining the aTyr Licensed Patents in the Kyorin Territory, or copies of documents filed with the relevant national patent offices or other Governmental Authorities with respect to such aTyr Licensed Patents, and such other material documents related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of such aTyr Licensed Patents, in sufficient time prior to filing such document or making any payment due thereunder to allow for review and comment by Kyorin. aTyr will consider in good faith timely comments and recommendations made by Kyorin in connection with such review. The Parties will update a schedule to the Letter Agreement if (a) any new aTyr Licensed Patent arises and (b) the status of an aTyr Licensed Patent changes.

12.5.2.2.No Prosecution and Maintenance of aTyr Licensed Patents in the Kyorin Territory. In the event that aTyr elects to Abandon any aTyr Licensed Patent in the Kyorin Territory, aTyr will notify Kyorin of such election at least [***] days before any such aTyr Licensed Patent would become abandoned, no longer available or otherwise forfeited. Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion, and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to Prosecute and Maintain in the Kyorin Territory such aTyr Licensed Patent in the name of aTyr. If Kyorin elects to assume Prosecution and Maintenance of such aTyr Licensed Patent in the Kyorin Territory, such aTyr Licensed Patent will be excluded from the scope of the aTyr Licensed Patents set forth in Section 8.5.1(a) after such election, so that Kyorin owes no royalties to aTyr for such aTyr Licensed Patent going forward. aTyr will furnish to Kyorin, via electronic mail or such other method as mutually agreed by the Parties, documents received from patent counsel in the course of Prosecuting and Maintaining such assumed aTyr Licensed Patent, or documents filed with the relevant national patent offices or other Governmental Authorities with respect to such assumed aTyr Licensed Patent, and such other material documents related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of such assumed aTyr Licensed Patent, in sufficient time prior to filing such document or making any payment due thereunder to allow for review and comment by aTyr. aTyr will sign, or will use reasonable efforts to have signed, all legal documents as are reasonably necessary for Kyorin to assume the Prosecution and Maintenance of such aTyr Licensed Patent.

12.5.3.Joint Patents.

12.5.3.1.Prosecution and Maintenance of Joint Patents. Subject to remainder of this Section 12.5.3, as between the Parties, aTyr will Prosecute and Maintain in the name of aTyr and Kyorin jointly all Patents within the New Joint IP (the “Joint Patents”). The Parties will [***], and Kyorin will

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reimburse aTyr for its share of Patent Costs for Joint Patents incurred by aTyr within thirty (30) days after receipt of an invoice therefor. aTyr will furnish to Kyorin, via electronic mail or such other method as mutually agreed by the Parties, copies of proposed PCT or national filings and documents received from patent counsel in the course of Prosecuting and Maintaining the Joint Patents, or copies of documents filed with the relevant national patent offices or other Governmental Authorities with respect to such Joint Patents, and such other material documents related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of such Joint Patents, in sufficient time prior to filing such document or making any payment due thereunder to allow for review and comment by Kyorin. aTyr will consider in good faith timely comments and recommendations made by Kyorin in connection with such review.

12.5.3.2.No Prosecution and Maintenance of Joint Patents. In the event that either Party elects to Abandon its interest in any Joint Patent in a country or countries, such Party will notify the other Party of such election at least [***] days before any such Joint Patent would become abandoned, no longer available or otherwise forfeited. The non-Abandoning Party will assume the Abandoning Party’s interest in such country or countries, and Abandoning Party will execute such documents and perform such acts, at its expense, as may be reasonably necessary to effect an Abandonment of its entire right, title, and interest in and to such Joint Patent, which Abandonment will be completed in a timely manner to allow the non-Abandoning Party to continue prosecution or maintenance of any such Joint Patent. If the Abandoning Party is Kyorin, any Patents so Abandoned will no longer be considered Joint Patents and will be solely owned by aTyr but will not be included within the aTyr Licensed Patents licensed under this Agreement, and if the Abandoning Party is aTyr, any Patents so Abandoned will no longer be considered Joint Patents and will be solely owned by Kyorin but will not be included within Kyorin Controlled Patents licensed under this Agreement.

12.5.4.Patent Miscellaneous. Each Party hereby agrees: (a) to use reasonable efforts to make its employees, agents and consultants reasonably available to the other Party (or to the other Party’s authorized attorneys, agents or representatives), to the extent reasonably necessary to enable such Party to undertake any Prosecution and Maintenance described in this Section 12.5; and (b) to reasonably cooperate in any such Prosecution and Maintenance by the other Party.

12.6.Third Party Infringement and Defense.

12.6.1.Notices. Each Party will promptly report in writing to the other Party any Competitive Infringement of which such Party (or any of its Affiliates or Sublicensees) becomes aware and will provide the other Party with all available evidence of such Competitive Infringement in such Party’s control; provided, however, that (a) for cases of Competitive Infringement under Section 12.6.2.4 below, such written notice will be given within [***] days, and (b) for cases of infringement as described in Section 12.6.2.5 below, such written notice will be given as specified in Section 12.6.2.5. A notice under Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (hereinafter the “BPCIA”), including notices pursuant to a §351(k) application under the BPCIA (however that section may be amended), or any analogous law outside the United States, with respect to any applicable Patents will be deemed to describe an act of Competitive Infringement, regardless of its content. Subject to the terms of this Section 12.6, the JSC will discuss in good faith strategies for abating such Competitive Infringement of any Licensed Product within each of the Party’s respective Territory.

12.6.2.Rights to Enforce.

12.6.2.1.Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement.

(a)As between the Parties, Kyorin will have the first right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to seek to

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▇▇▇▇▇ any Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement by enforcing any Kyorin Controlled Patents or any Joint Patent in the Kyorin Territory. If Kyorin decides not to take steps to ▇▇▇▇▇ such Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement, within six (6) months after receipt of written notice of such Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement (or such shorter period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the Kyorin Territory to not waive any statutory rights), Kyorin will provide aTyr with notice of such decision and aTyr will have the rights set forth in Section 12.6.4.1 with respect to enforcing the Kyorin Controlled Patents in the Kyorin Territory to ▇▇▇▇▇ such Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement. [***] will pay all Patent Costs it incurs for such enforcement.

(b)As between the Parties, aTyr will have the first right (but not the obligation), at aTyr’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to seek to ▇▇▇▇▇ all Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement by enforcing any aTyr Licensed Patent in the Kyorin Territory; provided, however, if aTyr desires not to seek to ▇▇▇▇▇ any Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement, aTyr will, promptly but within six (6) months after receipt of written notice of such Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement (or such shorter period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the Kyorin Territory to not waive any statutory rights), notify Kyorin to that effect and Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, with respect to enforcing the aTyr Licensed Patent in the Kyorin Territory to ▇▇▇▇▇ such Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement. If Kyorin has exercised such rights and abated any Competitive (Kyorin) Infringement after [***], the royalty rates set forth in Section 8.4 will be reduced by [***].

12.6.2.2.Registration. Upon Kyorin’s request, aTyr will, at Kyorin’s expense, cooperate with Kyorin for the registration of the exclusive license granted to Kyorin under this Agreement, pursuant to Article 77 (SENYOU JISSIKEN) of the Japanese Patent Act.

12.6.2.3.Competitive (aTyr) Infringement.

(a)As between the Parties, Kyorin will have the first right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion, to seek to ▇▇▇▇▇ any Competitive (aTyr) Infringement by enforcing any Kyorin Controlled Patents solely in the aTyr Territory. If Kyorin does not take steps to ▇▇▇▇▇ such Competitive (aTyr) Infringement, within six (6) months after receipt of written notice of such Competitive (aTyr) Infringement (or such shorter period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the aTyr Territory to not waive any statutory rights), Kyorin will provide aTyr with notice of such decision and aTyr will have the rights set forth in Section 12.6.4.1 with respect to enforcing the Kyorin Controlled Patents in the aTyr Territory to ▇▇▇▇▇ such Competitive (aTyr) Infringement. [***] will pay all Patent Costs it incurs for such enforcement.

(b)As between the Parties, aTyr will have the first right (but not the obligation), at aTyr’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to seek to ▇▇▇▇▇ all Competitive (aTyr) Infringement by enforcing any Joint Patent in the aTyr Territory; provided, however, if aTyr desires not to seek to ▇▇▇▇▇ any Competitive (aTyr) Infringement, aTyr will, promptly but within six (6) months after receipt of written notice of such Competitive (aTyr) Infringement (or such shorter period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the aTyr Territory to not waive any statutory rights), notify Kyorin to that effect and Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, with respect to enforcing the Joint Patent in the aTyr Territory to ▇▇▇▇▇ such Competitive (aTyr) Infringement.

12.6.2.4.35 USC 271(e)(2) Infringement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 12.6.2, for a Competitive Infringement under 35 USC 271(e)(2), the time period set forth in Section 12.6.2.1 or 12.6.2.2, as applicable, during which a Party will have the initial right to bring a Proceeding will be shortened to a total of [***] days, so that, to the extent the other Party has the right,

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pursuant to such Section 12.6.2.1 or 12.6.2.2, as applicable to initiate a Proceeding if the first Party does not initiate a Proceeding, such other Party will have such right if the first Party does not initiate a Proceeding within [***] days after such first Party’s receipt of written notice of such Competitive Infringement. [***] will bear all the Patent Costs arising therefrom.

12.6.2.5.Notifications Relating to BCPIA. Each Party will promptly notify the other Party in writing of any notification or certification filed under BPCIA, including notices pursuant to a §351(k) application under the BPCIA, or any analogous law outside the United States, claiming that an applicable Patent is invalid or that infringement will not arise from the manufacture, use or sale of any Licensed Product, or any Biosimilar Product with respect to such Licensed Product, by a Third Party. The Parties’ rights to bring infringement actions with respect thereto are set forth in Section 12.6. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party will consult with the other Party regarding the strategy for litigation of patents in connection with the BPCIA or analogous ex-U.S. law in such Party’s Territory and will consider in good faith the other Party’s input regarding such strategy. The Parties will execute such documents as necessary for the prosecution of any such action in accordance with Section 12.6. Without limiting the foregoing, aTyr will be responsible for any filings with respect to the Licensed Products under the BPCIA in the aTyr Territory, including providing lists of Patents which may include Kyorin Controlled Patents, if applicable, and Kyorin hereby authorizes aTyr to undertake such filings and agrees to provide such other information as aTyr may reasonably request in connection therewith.

12.6.3.Defense. As between the Parties, the Party controlling the Prosecution and Maintenance of any Patent under Section 12.5 will have the right (but not the obligation), at its sole discretion, to defend against a declaratory judgment action or other action (such as a revocation proceeding or an opposition) challenging any such Patent (a “Third Party Action”), other than with respect to (a) any counter-claims in any enforcement action brought by the other Party pursuant to Section 12.6.2 or (b) any action by a Third Party in response to an enforcement action brought by the other Party, which in both cases ((a) and (b)) will be controlled by such other Party. If the Party controlling such Prosecution and Maintenance of Patents under Section 12.5 does not defend such Patent under this Section 12.6.3 within [***] days (or such shorter period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the United States or any other country in the Territory to not waive any statutory rights), or elects not to continue any such defense (in which case it will promptly provide notice thereof to the other Party), then, (i) in the case of any of the foregoing done by aTyr, Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation), at its sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to defend any Joint Patent against a Third Party Action, and (ii) in the case of any of the foregoing done by Kyorin, aTyr will have the right (but not the obligation), at its sole discretion, to defend any Kyorin Controlled Patent against a Third Party Action, in each case of (i) and (ii), as further set forth in Section 12.6.4.1. If aTyr does not defend any aTyr Licensed Patent in the Kyorin Territory within [***] days (or such shorter period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the United States or any other country in the Territory to not waive any statutory rights), or elects not to continue any such defense (in which case aTyr will promptly provide notice thereof to Kyorin), Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, to defend such aTyr Licensed Patent in the Kyorin Territory in the name of aTyr. aTyr will furnish to Kyorin, via electronic mail or such other method as mutually agreed by the Parties, documents received from patent counsel in the course of Prosecuting and Maintaining such aTyr Licensed Patent, or documents filed with the relevant national patent offices or other Governmental Authorities with respect to such aTyr Licensed Patent, and such other material documents related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of such aTyr Licensed Patent, in sufficient time prior to filing such document or making any payment due thereunder to allow for review and comment by aTyr. aTyr will sign, or will use reasonable efforts to have signed, all legal documents as are reasonably necessary for Kyorin to defend such aTyr Licensed Patent.

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12.6.4.Withdrawal, Cooperation and Participation. With respect to any infringement action or Third Party Action identified above in Section 12.6 and subject to the terms of this Section 12.6.4:

12.6.4.1.If the controlling Party ceases to pursue or withdraws from such action (the “Withdrawing Party”), it will promptly notify the other Party (in sufficient time to enable the other Party to meet any deadlines by which any action must be taken to preserve any rights in such infringement or defensive action) and (a) if aTyr is the Withdrawing Party, then Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation) to substitute itself for aTyr in any infringement action or Third Party Action identified above in Section 12.6 involving the aTyr Licensed Patents in the Kyorin Territory and proceed under the terms and conditions of this Section 12.6, and (b) if Kyorin is the Withdrawing Party, then aTyr will have the right (but not the obligation) to substitute itself for Kyorin in any infringement action identified above in Section 12.6 relating to the Kyorin Controlled Patents in the Kyorin Territory or the aTyr Territory, and proceed under the terms and conditions of this Section 12.6 (Kyorin or aTyr, as applicable, under (a) or (b), the “New-Controlling Party”).

12.6.4.2.The Withdrawing Party will cooperate with the New-Controlling Party controlling any such action (as may be reasonably requested by the New-Controlling Party), including, [***], (a) providing access to relevant documents and other evidence, (b) using reasonable efforts to make its and its Affiliates and licensees and Sublicensees and all of their respective employees, subcontractors, consultants and agents available at reasonable business hours and for reasonable periods of time, but only to the extent relevant to such action, and (c) if reasonably necessary, by being joined as a party, subject to this clause (c) to the New-Controlling Party agreeing to [***]. The New-Controlling Party controlling any such action will keep the Withdrawing Party reasonably updated with respect to any such action, including providing copies of all materials documents received or filed in connection with any such action.

12.6.4.3.The Withdrawing Party will have the right to consult with the New-Controlling Party regarding any such action controlled by such New-Controlling Party, [***]. If the Withdrawing Party elects to so be involved, the New-Controlling Party will provide such Withdrawing Party and its counsel with an opportunity to consult with the New-Controlling Party and its counsel regarding the prosecution of such action (including reviewing the contents of any correspondence, legal papers or other documents related thereto), and the New-Controlling Party will take into account reasonable and timely requests of the Withdrawing Party regarding such enforcement or defense. Nothing in this Section 12.6.4.3 will limit the New-Controlling Party’s ability to prosecute any such action.

12.6.5.Settlement. With respect to any Competitive Infringement or Third Party Action identified above in this Section 12.6, the Party controlling such action will have the right to settle or otherwise dispose of such action on such terms as such Party will determine in its sole discretion, including by granting a license or sublicense to a Third Party under the rights granted to such Party in Section 7, provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, such controlling Party will inform the other Party of the terms and conditions of such settlement or disposition, and no such settlement or other disposition will (a) impose any monetary restriction or obligation on or admit fault of the other Party or (b) adversely affect the other Party’s rights under this Agreement to any such Patent then being enforced or defended, in each case (clauses (a) and (b)) without the prior written consent of the other Party, not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.

12.6.6.Damages. With respect to any Competitive Infringement or Third Party Action identified above in this Section 12.6, upon the request of the Party controlling such action, the other Party will reasonably cooperate with such controlling Party in seeking damages. The damages that such controlling Party recovers as a result of the final judgment or settlement of such action, if any, will be used

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first to reimburse the Parties for their respective Patent Costs arising from such action, with the balance of such recovery to be allocated to the controlling Party.

12.7.Patent Extensions. With respect to any election for patent term restoration or extension, supplemental protection certificate or any of their equivalents, (a) Kyorin will have the sole right to make any such decision relating to any Kyorin Controlled Patents, and (b) aTyr will have the sole right to make any such decision relating to any aTyr Licensed Patents and any Joint Patent, in each case of (a) and (b) with respect to any Licensed Product, provided that notwithstanding the foregoing clauses (a) and (b), each Party will use reasonable efforts to obtain any such patent term restoration or extension, supplemental protection certificate or any of their equivalents available for such Patents subject to the enforcement rights specified in Section 12.6.2 with respect to any Licensed Product; and further provided, however, that no Party will be required to use any such reasonable efforts in a manner inconsistent with any term of this Section 12.7 if any such item could impair the applicable Patent (including its enforcement potential) or the ability to obtain any such patent term restoration or extension, supplemental protection certificate or any of their equivalents for any other pharmaceutical product. Upon the request by a Party, the other Party will reasonably cooperate with the implementation of such requesting Party’s decisions made in a manner consistent with this Section 12.7. If aTyr does not elect for patent term restoration or extension, supplemental protection certificate or any of their equivalents with respect to any aTyr Licensed Patents or any Joint Patent in the Kyorin Territory relating to any Licensed Product, aTyr will, promptly but within the period of time as is required to comply with applicable Law in the Kyorin Territory to not waive any statutory rights, notify Kyorin to that effect and Kyorin will have the right (but not the obligation), at Kyorin’s sole discretion and sole responsibility for all applicable Patent Costs, with respect to any election for patent term restoration or extension, supplemental protection certificate or any of their equivalents with respect to any such aTyr Licensed Patent or such Joint Patent in the Kyorin Territory.

12.8.Patent Listings. With respect to any filings made to Regulatory Authorities with respect to any Kyorin Controlled Patents for any Licensed Product or any Patents within the New aTyr IP or the aTyr Licensed Technology (including any Joint Patent) for any Licensed Product, including as required or allowed in connection with in the United States, the FDA’s Orange or Purple Book, if applicable, or, outside the United States, other international equivalents, but subject to Section 12.6.2.4, (a) the Parties will list any such Patents as may be required by applicable Laws, and (b) otherwise (i) Kyorin will have the sole right to make any such decision whether to list for any Kyorin Controlled Patents with respect to any Licensed Product, and (ii) aTyr will have the sole right to make any such decision whether to list for any Patents within the New aTyr IP or the aTyr Licensed Technology (including any Joint Patent) with respect to any Licensed Product. Upon the request by a Party, the other Party will reasonably cooperate in the implementation of such requesting Party’s decisions made in a manner consistent with this Section 12.8.

12.9.Common Interest. All information exchanged between the Parties regarding the Prosecution and Maintenance, and enforcement and defense, of Patents under this Section 12 will be deemed Confidential Information of the disclosing Party. In addition, the Parties acknowledge and agree that, with regard to such Prosecution and Maintenance, and enforcement and defense, the interests of the Parties as collaborators and licensor and licensee are to obtain the strongest patent protection possible, and as such, are aligned and are legal in nature. The Parties agree and acknowledge that they have not waived, and nothing in this Agreement constitutes a waiver of, any legal privilege concerning the Patents under this Section 12, including privilege under the common interest doctrine and similar or related doctrines. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, to the extent a Party has a good faith belief that any information required to be disclosed by such Party to the other Party under this Section 12 is protected by attorney-client privilege or any other applicable legal privilege or immunity, such Party will not be required to disclose such information and the Parties will in good faith cooperate to agree upon a procedure (including entering into a specific common interest agreement, disclosing such information on a “for

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counsel eyes only” basis or similar procedure) under which such information may be disclosed without waiving or breaching such privilege or immunity.

12.10.Trademarks .

12.10.1.Owned Trademarks. Each Party has the right to use any Trademark it Controls for Licensed Products in its Territory at its sole discretion, and each Party and its Affiliates will retain all right, title, and interest in and to its and their respective corporate names and logos.

12.10.2.Licensed Products Trademarks. Kyorin may, at its sole discretion but subject to JSC review, select one or more Trademark(s) for use with each Licensed Product throughout the Kyorin Territory. Any Trademark(s) that are developed and used by Kyorin to promote and sell Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory are hereinafter referred to as the “Kyorin Trademarks.” Any Trademark(s) that are developed and used by aTyr to promote and sell Licensed Products in the aTyr Territory are hereinafter referred to as the “aTyr Trademarks.” As between the Parties, aTyr will own all rights, title, and interests in and to all aTyr Trademarks and all goodwill associated therewith throughout the aTyr Territory. As between the Parties, Kyorin will own all rights, title, and interests in and to all Kyorin Trademarks and all goodwill associated therewith throughout the Kyorin Territory. aTyr will also own rights to any Internet domain names incorporating the applicable aTyr Trademarks or any variation or part of such aTyr Trademarks used as its URL address or any part of such address; and Kyorin will also own rights to any Internet domain names incorporating the applicable Kyorin Trademarks or any variation or part of such Kyo rin Trademarks used as its URL address or any part of such address.

12.10.2.1.License Agreement. If the Parties agree on the use of any aTyr Trademarks to promote and sell any Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory or the use of any Kyorin Trademarks to promote and sell any Licensed Product in the aTyr Territory, then aTyr and Kyorin will enter into a separate trademark license agreement containing commercially reasonable and customary terms pursuant to which the Party owning such Trademark will grant the other Party an exclusive, royalty-free license to use the applicable Trademark(s) to Commercialize the applicable Licensed Products in the other Party’s Territory. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Kyorin will have no obligation to, and aTyr may, at its sole discretion, and cost and expense, apply for the registration of Kyorin Trademarks in the aTyr Territory.

12.10.2.2.Trademark Infringement. In the event either Party becomes aware of any infringement of any Kyorin Trademark or aTyr Trademark (if used by Kyorin under Section 12.10.2.1 in the Kyorin Territory), as applicable, by a Third Party, such Party will promptly notify the other Party and the Parties will consult with each other and jointly determine the best way to prevent such infringement, including by the institution of legal proceedings against such Third Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Party owning such Trademark retains the sole right (but not obligation) to seek to ▇▇▇▇▇ any such infringement.

12.10.3.No Other Trademark Rights. For the avoidance of doubt, neither Party will have any right to use the other Party’s or the other Party’s Affiliates’ corporate names or logos in connection with Development, Manufacturing, or Commercialization of Licensed Products, unless otherwise permitted by this Agreement or agreed in writing by such Party.

13.TERM AND TERMINATION

13.1.Term. This Agreement will be effective as of the Effective Date and, unless terminated earlier, continue on a Licensed Product‑by‑Licensed Product basis until the date on which the Royalty Term has expired in the Kyorin Territory for such Licensed Product and will finally expire upon the expiration of the Royalty Term for the final Licensed Product (the “Term”).

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13.2.Termination by Kyorin for Convenience. At any time following the first anniversary of the Effective Date, Kyorin may terminate this Agreement in its entirety, for any reason or no reason, provided that it gives ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to aTyr.

13.3.Termination for Cause.

13.3.1.Material Breach.

13.3.1.1.aTyr will have the right to terminate this Agreement in its entirety upon delivery of written notice to Kyorin in the event of any material breach by Kyorin of this Agreement, provided that such termination will not be effective if such breach has been cured within [***] days (or [***] days with respect to any payment breach) after written notice thereof is given by aTyr to Kyorin specifying the nature of the alleged breach, or, if such breach (other than a payment breach) cannot be cured within such [***] day period, within [***] days after such notice if Kyorin commences actions to cure such breach within such [***]‑day period and thereafter diligently continues such actions, but fails to cure the breach by the end of such [***]‑day period. In the event of an uncured material breach by Kyorin of its diligence obligation under Section 3.3, 4.3 or 5.2, aTyr, in its sole discretion, may elect to convert the licenses granted under Section 7.1.1 to non-exclusive licenses upon written notice to Kyorin instead of terminating this Agreement.

13.3.1.2.Kyorin will have the right to terminate this Agreement in its entirety upon delivery of written notice to aTyr in the event of any material breach by aTyr of any material terms and conditions of this Agreement, provided that such termination will not be effective if such breach has been cured within [***] days after written notice thereof is given by Kyorin to aTyr specifying the nature of the alleged breach, or, if such breach cannot be cured within such [***] day period, within [***] days after such notice if aTyr commences actions to cure such breach within such [***]‑day period and thereafter diligently continues such actions, but fails to cure the breach by the end of such [***]‑day period.

13.3.2.Patent Challenge. aTyr will have the right to terminate this Agreement in its entirety immediately upon written notice to Kyorin if Kyorin or any of its Affiliates, directly or indirectly through any Third Party, commences any interference or opposition proceeding with respect to, challenges the validity or enforceability of, or opposes any extension of, or the grant of a supplementary protection certificate with respect to, any aTyr Licensed Patent. Kyorin will have the right to terminate this Agreement in its entirety immediately upon written notice to aTyr if aTyr or any of its Affiliates, directly or indirectly through any Third Party, commences any interference or opposition proceeding with respect to, challenges the validity or enforceability of, or opposes any extension of, or the grant of a supplementary protection certificate with respect to any Kyorin Controlled Patent.

13.4.Termination for Insolvency.

13.4.1.Insolvency of aTyr. If, at any time during the Term (a) a case is commenced by or against aTyr under ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Code, as amended, or analogous provisions of applicable Law outside the United States (the “Bankruptcy Code”) and, in the event of an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, such case is not dismissed within sixty (60) days after the commencement thereof, (b) aTyr files for or is subject to the institution of bankruptcy, liquidation or receivership proceedings (other than a case under the Bankruptcy Code), (c) aTyr assigns all or a substantial portion of its assets for the benefit of creditors, (d) a receiver or custodian is appointed for aTyr’s business, (e) a substantial portion of aTyr’s business or assets is subject to attachment or similar process, or (f) aTyr ceases to conduct its business pertaining to the Licensed Product; then, in any such case ((a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f)), Kyorin may terminate this Agreement upon written notice to aTyr to the extent permitted under applicable Law.

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13.4.2.Insolvency of Kyorin. If, at any time during the Term (a) a case is commenced by or against Kyorin under Civil Rehabilitation Act, as amended, and, in the event of an involuntary case under the Civil Rehabilitation Act (Minji Saisei Hou) or the Corporate Reorganization Act (Kaisha Kousei Hou), such case is not dismissed within [***] days after the commencement thereof, (b) Kyorin files for or is subject to the institution of bankruptcy, liquidation or receivership proceedings (other than a case under the Civil Rehabilitation Act or the Corporate Reorganization Act), (c) Kyorin assigns all or a substantial portion of its assets for the benefit of creditors, (d) a receiver or custodian is appointed for Kyorin’s business, (e) a substantial portion of Kyorin’s business or assets is subject to attachment or similar process, or (f) subject to Section 13.2, Kyorin ceases to conduct its business pertaining to the Licensed Product; then, in any such case ((a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f)), aTyr may terminate this Agreement upon written notice to Kyorin to the extent permitted under applicable Law.

13.5.Effect of Termination by aTyr for Cause or Insolvency or by Kyorin for Convenience. Upon termination of this Agreement by aTyr pursuant to Section 13.3.1.1, 13.3.2 or 13.4.2 or by Kyorin pursuant to Section 13.2:

13.5.1.Termination of Rights and Obligations. All licenses granted under Section 7.1 will terminate, and all other rights and obligations of the Parties under this Agreement will terminate, except as provided elsewhere in this Section 13.5 or in Section 13.8.

13.5.2.Transfer of Clinical Studies. At aTyr’s written request if made by the effective date of termination by Kyorin pursuant to Section 13.2, Kyorin will use reasonable efforts to transfer to aTyr or its designated Third Party then on-going associated Clinical Studies at Kyorin’s costs and expenses. Kyorin will pay for, (a) subject to Section 13.5.13, all reasonable Development Costs for the Licensed Products to be incurred by Kyorin in connection with the then on-going associated Clinical Studies until the transfer of the same to aTyr or its designee as set forth in this Section 13.5.2, or (b) the reasonable costs and expenses to wind-down those then on-going associated Clinical Studies that aTyr does not request for the transfer under this Section 13.5.2.

13.5.3.Reversion Licenses. Effective upon the date of termination, and subject to Section 13.5.3.3, Kyorin hereby grants (without any further action required on the part of aTyr) to aTyr and its Affiliates, a worldwide, irrevocable, perpetual, sublicenseable through multiple tiers (subject to Section 7.1.2.3, mutatis mutandis):

13.5.3.1.non-exclusive license under all Kyorin Background Technology necessary to Develop and Commercialize the Licensed Products existing as of the date of such termination (and derivatives, improvements, modifications, enhancements or replacements thereof) (collectively, “Reversion Products”) (it being understood and agreed that with respect to any Kyorin Background Technology that is in-licensed by Kyorin or any of its Related Parties, aTyr will be responsible for any payments due to a Third Party with respect thereto and aTyr's rights will be subject to the terms of the applicable Third Party agreement); and

13.5.3.2.exclusive (even as to Kyorin and its Affiliates) license under all New Kyorin IP to Develop and Commercialize the Reversion Products (collectively, the above licenses granted pursuant to this Section 13.5.3.2, the “Reversion Licenses”).

13.5.3.3.In the case of termination by aTyr pursuant to Section 13.3.1.1, 13.3.2 or 13.4.2, the Reversion Licenses will be royalty-free and fully paid-up. In the case of termination by Kyorin pursuant to Section 13.2, in consideration for the Reversion Licenses, aTyr will make payments to Kyorin based on (A) worldwide aggregate Net Sales of Reversion Products Covered by any Kyorin Controlled Patents by aTyr and its Affiliates or sublicensees in a given Calendar Year at the rate of [***]

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and (B) worldwide aggregate non-royalty milestone payments made to aTyr or its Affiliates by aTyr’s or its Affiliates’ Sublicensees sublicensed under such Kyorin Controlled Patent at the rate of [***], provided that the maximum aggregate payment under this Section 13.5.3.3 will be equal to the total amount of (a) the [***] incurred by or on behalf of Kyorin and its Affiliates as of the date of termination in connection with [***] activities for the Licensed Products in support of obtaining Commercialization of the Licensed Products in the Kyorin Territory (where the total amount of such [***] will be notified by Kyorin in a timely manner (but in any event within thirty (30) days after the effective date of termination)), and (b) the [***] already paid by Kyorin at the time of the termination date, provided further that aTyr will provide Kyorin with a copy of any executed sublicense agreement (which copy will include financial provisions and other provisions which are necessary to verify aTyr’s payment obligations under this Section 13.5.3.3). Payments and reports will be made by aTyr to Kyorin in a manner analogous to that set forth in Sections 8.5, 8.6 and 8.7, including the adjustments set forth therein (mutatis mutandis).

13.5.3.4.At aTyr’s written request if made within thirty (30) days after the effective date of termination, the Parties will discuss and, if agreed, enter into commercially reasonable prosecution and enforcement and defense terms for the licensed Kyorin Background Technology and New Kyorin IP with respect to the Reversion Products (which in no event will give aTyr less rights than it had pursuant to Section 12 during the Term), and aTyr will bear [***] the costs of such prosecution, enforcement and defense activities to the extent agreed.

13.5.4.Regulatory Approvals and Regulatory Materials. Kyorin will, as promptly as practicable, (a) assign to aTyr or aTyr's designee possession and ownership of all assignable governmental or regulatory filings and approvals (including all Regulatory Approvals, Regulatory Materials, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Listing) and material correspondence and conversation logs relating to the Development or Commercialization of the Reversion Products, (b) transfer to aTyr or aTyr’s designee copies of all data, reports, records and materials, and other sales and marketing related information in Kyorin's possession or Control to the extent that such data, reports, records, materials or other information relate to the Development or Commercialization of the Reversion Products and are available as of the termination date, including all non-clinical and clinical data relating to the Reversion Products, and customer lists and customer contact information and all adverse event data related to the Reversion Products in Kyorin’s possession or Control, and (c) transfer to aTyr all records and materials in Kyorin's possession or Control containing Confidential Information of aTyr related to the Reversion Products. In addition, effective as of the date of such termination, Kyorin will appoint aTyr as Kyorin's and/or Kyorin's Related Parties' agent for all Reversion Product-related matters involving Regulatory Authorities in the Kyorin Territory until all Regulatory Approvals, Regulatory Materials, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Listing and other governmental or regulatory filings have been assigned to aTyr or its designee. In the event of failure to obtain assignment, Kyorin hereby consents and grants to aTyr the right to access and reference (without any further action required on the part of Kyorin, whose authorization to file this consent with any Regulatory Authority is hereby granted) any such item with respect to all Reversion Products.

13.5.5.Appointment as Distributor. If the effective date of termination is after the First Commercial Sale of a Reversion Product, to the extent permitted by applicable Laws, then, effective upon the date of such termination, Kyorin or its Related Parties will appoint aTyr as its exclusive distributor of such Reversion Product in the Kyorin Territory and grant aTyr the right to appoint sub-distributors, until such time as all Regulatory Approvals in the Kyorin Territory have been transferred to aTyr or its designee.

13.5.6.Continuation of Supply. If Kyorin or its Related Parties are Manufacturing finished product with respect to Reversion Products on the effective date of termination, at aTyr's option if made within thirty (30) days after the effective date of termination, Kyorin or its Related Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to supply such finished product to aTyr [***].

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13.5.7.Third Party Agreements. If aTyr so requests, and to the extent permitted under Kyorin's obligations to Third Parties on the effective date of termination, Kyorin will transfer to aTyr or its designated Third Party any Third Party agreements relating to the Development or Commercialization of the Reversion Products to which Kyorin is a party, subject to any required consents of such Third Party which Kyorin will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain promptly.

13.5.8.Kyorin Trademarks. Promptly following the effective date of termination, Kyorin will promptly transfer and assign to aTyr all of Kyorin's and its Affiliates’ rights, title and interests in and to the Kyorin Trademark(s) exclusively used in connection with the Reversion Products in the Field (but not any Kyorin house marks or any trademark containing the word “Kyorin”).

13.5.9.Inventory Transfer. Kyorin will transfer to aTyr any inventory of the Reversion Products Controlled by Kyorin or its Affiliates as of the termination date at the actual price paid by Kyorin for such supply.

13.5.10.Return of Confidential Information. Except in the case of aTyr for any Confidential Information that is the subject of its Reversion Licenses, each Party will promptly return to the other Party (or as directed by such other Party destroy and certify to such other Party in writing as to such destruction) all of such other Party's Confidential Information provided by or on behalf of such other Party hereunder that is in the possession or control of such Party (or any of its Affiliates, Sublicensees or subcontractors), except that such Party will have the right to retain one (1) copy of intangible Confidential Information of such other Party for legal purposes.

13.5.11.Dissolution of Committees. The JSC (and any subcommittees thereof) will be dissolved as of the effective date of such termination, provided that, for any surviving provisions requiring action or decision by the JSC or an Executive Officer, each Party will appoint representatives to act as its JSC members or Executive Officer, as applicable.

13.5.12.Further Assurances. Kyorin will provide any other assistance reasonably requested by aTyr for the purpose of ensuring an orderly transition to aTyr or its designee of, and allowing aTyr or its designee to proceed expeditiously with, the Development and Commercialization of Reversion Products. Without limiting the foregoing, Kyorin will execute all documents and take all such further actions as may be reasonably requested by aTyr, at aTyr’s cost, in order to give effect to the foregoing clauses.

13.5.13.Transition Period. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Sections 13.5.2 through 13.5.12 or elsewhere in this Agreement, Kyorin’s obligations under such Sections will expire in [***] months after the effective date of the termination or upon completion of the transition under the relevant section in Section 13.5, provided that in either case, aTyr will use reasonable efforts to complete the transition as soon as practically possible.

13.6.Effect of Termination by Kyorin for Cause or Insolvency. The rights and obligations of this Agreement will be in effect even after the termination of this Agreement by Kyorin pursuant to Section 13.3.1.2, 13.3.2 or 13.4.1, excluding termination for breach of Section 6, which is subject to Section 13.7 instead, provided that Kyorin may, upon notice to aTyr, elect to reduce its payment obligations accruing after such termination under Section 8 by [***], provided further that if Kyorin elects to exercise such right, Kyorin will not claim for damages against aTyr based on the same breach (i.e., the breach constituting the cause of the termination).

13.7.Effect of Termination by Kyorin for aTyr Failure to Supply. Kyorin may terminate this Agreement by written notice to aTyr as provided in the Clinical Supply Agreement or the Commercial Supply Agreement. If this Agreement is terminated at the same time as the Clinical Supply Agreement or

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the Commercial Supply Agreement as provided in this Section 13.7, the rights and obligations of the Parties will terminate, except as provided in Section 13.8. Each Party will promptly return to the other Party (or as directed by such other Party destroy and certify to such other Party in writing as to such destruction) all of such other Party's Confidential Information provided by or on behalf of such other Party hereunder that is in the possession or control of such Party (or any of its Affiliates, Sublicensees or subcontractors), except that such Party will have the right to retain one (1) copy of intangible Confidential Information of such other Party for legal purposes.

13.8.Effect of Termination; Survival. In addition to the termination consequences set forth in Sections 13.5, 13.6 and 13.7, the following provisions will survive termination of this Agreement for any reason: Sections 1, 8.7.3 (for the period described therein), 9 (for the period of three (3) years), 10.3, 11, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.5 (as applicable), 13.6 (as applicable), 13.7 (as applicable), 13.8 and 14. Termination of this Agreement for any reason will not relieve the Parties of any liability or obligation which accrued hereunder prior to the effective date of such termination, nor preclude either Party from pursuing all rights and remedies it may have hereunder or at law or in equity, with respect to any breach of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, termination of this Agreement will not affect any SDEA, which will continue to survive so long as any Licensed Products thereunder are being Developed or Commercialized by the Parties.

13.9.Effect of Expiration; Survival. Upon expiration of the Royalty Term for a Licensed Product in the Kyorin Territory or upon expiration of this Agreement, the licenses granted from each Party to the other Party in Section 7 with respect to such Licensed Product will become fully-paid, non-exclusive, irrevocable, and perpetual in the Field in the respective Territory. In addition, the following provisions will survive expiration of this Agreement: Sections 1, 8.7.3 (for the period described therein), 9 (for the period of three (3) years), 10.3, 11, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.9 and 14. Expiration of this Agreement will not relieve the Parties of any liability or obligation which accrued hereunder prior to the effective date of such expiration, nor preclude either Party from pursuing all rights and remedies it may have hereunder or at law or in equity, with respect to any breach of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, expiration of this Agreement will not affect any SDEA, which will continue to survive so long as any Licensed Products thereunder are being Developed or Commercialized by the Parties.

14.MISCELLANEOUS

14.1.Assignment.

14.1.1.General. Except as provided in this Section 14.1.1, this Agreement may not be assigned or otherwise transferred, nor may any right or obligation hereunder be assigned or transferred, by either Party without the prior written consent of the other Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either Party may, without the other Party’s prior written consent, assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder in whole or in part to an Affiliate or to a Third Party that acquires, by or otherwise in connection with, merger, sale of assets, reorganization or otherwise, all or substantially all of the business of the assigning Party to which the subject matter of this Agreement relates, provided that if this Agreement is assigned to an Affiliate of a Party, such Party will remain jointly and severally liable for the performance of this Agreement. Any permitted successor (if other than the assigning Party) or assignee of any rights or obligation under this Agreement must expressly assume performance hereof. An assignment to an Affiliate will terminate, and all rights so assigned will revert to the assigning Party, if and when such Affiliate ceases to be an Affiliate of the assigning Party. Any purported assignment in violation of this Section 14.1.1 will be void.

14.1.2.Securitization. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 14.1 or elsewhere in this Agreement, aTyr may assign to a Third Party its right to receive the milestone payments under

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Sections 8.2 and 8.3 and the royalty payments under Section 8.4 (such assignment, a “Securitization Transaction”) without the prior written consent of Kyorin. Further, in connection with a contemplated Securitization Transaction, aTyr may disclose to such Third Party the Confidential Information of Kyorin (including the royalty reports contemplated under Section 8.7.2), without the prior written consent of Kyorin, to the extent reasonably necessary to enable such Third Party to evaluate the Securitization Transaction opportunity (provided that such Third Party is under obligations of confidentiality and non-use with respect to such Confidential Information that are no less stringent than the terms of Section 9.1 (but of duration customary in confidentiality agreements entered into for a similar purpose)), and to allow such Third Party to exercise its rights under this Section 14.1.2. As part of any consummated Securitization Transaction, aTyr may assign, without the prior written consent of Kyorin, its right to receive the royalty reports and to conduct audits under, respectively, Sections 8.7.2 and 8.7.3 to the counterparty in such Securitization Transaction, and to allow such counterparty to exercise its rights under such Sections. In the event that a Securitization Transaction is implemented, aTyr will promptly provide Kyorin with a written notice to that effect. If aTyr assigns to any Third Party in a Securitization Transaction the right to receive payments and royalty reports and to conduct audits directly, then Kyorin will no longer have the obligation to make the milestone payments or the royalty payments to, furnish the royalty reports to, or accept the audits of aTyr.

14.2.Governing Law. This Agreement will be construed and the respective rights of the Parties determined in accordance with the substantive Laws of Switzerland, notwithstanding any provisions of Swiss Law or any other Law governing conflicts of laws to the contrary.

14.3.Arbitration.

14.3.1.Disputes. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, including Section 2.3.1, disputes of any nature arising under, relating to, or in connection with this Agreement (“Disputes”) will be resolved pursuant to this Section 14.3.

14.3.2.Dispute Escalation. In the event of a Dispute between the Parties, the Parties will first attempt to resolve such Dispute by negotiation and consultation between themselves. In the event that such Dispute is not resolved on an informal basis within [***] days from receipt of the written notice of a Dispute, any Party may, by written notice to the other, have such Dispute referred to the Executive Officers (or their designee, which designee is required to have decision-making authority on behalf of such Party), who will attempt to resolve such Dispute by negotiation and consultation for a [***] day period following receipt of such written notice.

14.3.3.Full Arbitration. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, in the event that the Executive Officers have not resolved such Dispute within [***] days referred to in Section 14.3.2, either Party may at any time after such [***] day period submit such Dispute to be finally settled by arbitration administered by the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (the “ICC”) in accordance with its then existing arbitration rules or procedures regarding commercial or business disputes, as modified by this Section 14.3. The arbitration will be heard and determined by three (3) arbitrators with relevant experience in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry selected in accordance with ICC rules, each of whom will be impartial and independent. Such arbitration will be governed by the Laws of Switzerland, will be conducted in English and will take place in Zurich, Switzerland. The arbitration award so given will, absent manifest error, be a final and binding determination of the Dispute, will be fully enforceable in any court of competent jurisdiction. Either Party may apply for interim injunctive relief with the arbitrators until the arbitration award is rendered or the controversy is otherwise resolved. The arbitrators will be authorized to award compensatory damages, but will not be authorized to (a) award non-economic damages, (b) award punitive damages or any other damages expressly excluded under this Agreement, or (c) reform, modify or materially change this

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Agreement or any other agreements contemplated hereunder; provided, however, that the damage limitations described in clauses (a) and (b) will not apply if such damages are statutorily imposed. Each Party will bear its own attorney’s fees, costs, and disbursements arising out of the arbitration, and will pay an equal share of the fees and costs of the arbitrators; provided, however, that the arbitrators will be authorized to determine whether a Party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for any or all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and disbursements (including, for example, expert witness fees and expenses, photocopy charges, travel expenses, etc.), or the fees and costs of the ICC and the arbitrators. Except in a proceeding to enforce the results of the arbitration or as otherwise required by Law, neither Party nor any arbitrator may disclose the existence, content or results of any arbitration hereunder without the prior written consent of both Parties.

14.3.4.Expedited Arbitration.

14.3.4.1.Each Party will have the right to refer a Dispute to expedited arbitration to the extent permitted under this Agreement or the amount of the Dispute is expressly stated to be for [***] or less (in each case, an “Expedited Dispute”).

14.3.4.2.In the case of an Expedited Dispute, then the Parties will follow the expedited dispute resolution process in this Section 14.3.4 (and not the dispute resolution process in Section 14.3.3 of this Agreement) (“Expedited Arbitration”). The Parties agree and acknowledge that any good faith dispute under Expedited Arbitration will not be deemed to be a material breach of this Agreement.

14.3.4.3.The Expedited Dispute will be submitted to fast-track, binding arbitration in accordance with the following:

(a)Arbitration will be conducted in Zurich, Switzerland under the rules of the ICC for the resolution of commercial Disputes in the most expedited manner permitted by such rules. The Parties will appoint a single arbitrator to be selected by mutual agreement. If the Parties are unable to agree on an arbitrator, the Parties will request that the ICC select the arbitrator. The arbitrator will be a professional in business or licensing with at least ten (10) years of experience in the pharmaceutical and life sciences industries, including the conduct of development and commercialization collaborations. The cost of the arbitration will be borne equally by the Parties. Except in a proceeding to enforce the results of the arbitration or as otherwise required by applicable Laws, neither Kyorin nor aTyr nor any arbitrator may disclose the existence, content or results of any arbitration hereunder without the prior written agreement of Kyorin and aTyr.

(b)Within thirty (30) days after such Dispute is referred to arbitration, each Party will provide the arbitrator with a proposal and written memorandum in support of its position regarding the Expedited Dispute, as well as any documentary evidence it wishes to provide in support thereof (each a “Brief”) and each Party’s Brief will be provided to the other Party after the arbitrator receives it from both Parties.

(c)Within thirty (30) days after a Party submits its Brief, the other Party will have the right to respond thereto. The response and any material in support thereof will be provided to the arbitrator and the other Party.

(d)The arbitrator will have the right to meet with the Parties as necessary to inform the arbitrator’s determination and to perform independent research and analysis. Within thirty (30) days of the receipt by the arbitrator of both Parties’ responses (or expiration of the thirty (30) day period if any Party fails to submit a response), the arbitrator will deliver his/her decision regarding

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the Expedited Dispute in writing, provided that the arbitrator will select one of the resolutions proposed by the Parties.

14.3.5.Injunctive Relief. Notwithstanding the dispute resolution procedures set forth in this Section 14.3, in the event of an actual or threatened breach of this Agreement, the aggrieved Party may seek provisional equitable relief (including restraining orders, specific performance or other injunctive relief) in any court having competent jurisdiction, without first submitting to any dispute resolution procedures hereunder.

14.3.6.Tolling. The Parties agree that all applicable statutes of limitation and time-based defenses (such as estoppel and laches), as well as all time periods in which a Party must exercise rights or perform obligation hereunder, will be tolled once the dispute resolution procedures set forth in this Section 14.3 have been initiated and for so long as they are pending, and the Parties will cooperate in taking all actions reasonably necessary to achieve such a result. In addition, during the pendency of any Dispute under this Agreement initiated before the end of any applicable cure period, including under Section 13.3, (a) this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, (b) the provisions of this Agreement relating to termination for material breach with respect to such Dispute will not be effective, (c) the time periods for cure under Section 13.3 as to any termination notice given prior to the initiation of arbitration will be tolled, (d) any time periods to exercise rights or perform obligations will be tolled, and (e) neither Party will issue a notice of termination pursuant to this Agreement based on the subject matter of the arbitration, until the arbitral tribunal has confirmed the material breach and the existence of the facts claimed by a Party to be the basis for the asserted material breach, provided that if such breach can be cured by (i) the payment of money, the defaulting Party will have an additional ten (10) days within its receipt of the arbitral tribunal’s decision to pay such amount or (ii) the taking of specific remedial actions, the defaulting Party will have a reasonably necessary period to diligently undertake and complete such remedial actions within such reasonably necessary period or any specific timeframe established by such arbitral tribunal’s decision before any such notice of termination can be issued. Further, with respect to any time periods that have run during the pendency of the dispute, the applicable Party will have a reasonable period of time or any specific timeframe established by such arbitral tribunal’s decision to exercise any rights or perform any obligations affected by the running of such time periods.

14.4.Standstill.

14.4.1.Restrictions. Except with the written consent of aTyr (which may be withheld by aTyr at the sole discretion of its Board of Directors), Kyorin agrees that, until the date that is [***] months following the termination of this Agreement, neither Kyorin nor any of its Affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) for purposes of this Section 14.4.1 and Section 14.4.2 will, directly or indirectly:

(a)propose (i) any merger, consolidation, business combination, tender or exchange offer, purchase of aTyr’s assets or businesses, or similar transaction involving aTyr or (ii) any recapitalization, restructuring, liquidation or other extraordinary transaction with respect to aTyr;

(b)(i) propose to acquire beneficial ownership of any securities (including in derivative form) of aTyr (collectively, a transaction specified in Sections 14.4.1(a)(i), 14.4.1(a)(ii) and this 14.4.1(b)(i) involving a majority of aTyr’s outstanding securities or consolidated assets, is referred to as a “Business Combination”), (ii) propose or seek, whether alone or in concert with others, any “solicitation” (as such term is used in the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission) of proxies or consents to vote any securities of aTyr, or seek to advise or knowingly influence any Person, with respect to voting of any securities of aTyr, (iii) nominate any person as a director of aTyr, (iv) propose

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any matter to be voted upon by the stockholders of aTyr, or (v) act, alone or in concert with others, to seek to control the management, Board of Directors, policies or affairs of aTyr;

(c)deposit any securities of aTyr in a voting trust or subject any securities of aTyr to any arrangement or agreement with respect to the voting of such securities;

(d)knowingly encourage, accept or support a tender, exchange or other offer or proposal by any other Person or group (each, an “Offeror”) for securities of aTyr; provided, however, that from and after the filing of a Schedule 14D-9 (or successor form of Tender Offer Solicitation/Recommendation Statement under Rule 14d-9 of the Exchange Act) by aTyr recommending that stockholders accept any such offer filed after such offer has commenced, Kyorin will not be prohibited from taking any of the actions otherwise prohibited by this clause (d) for so long as the Board of Directors of aTyr maintains and does not withdraw such recommendation;

(e)form, join or in any way participate in a third party “group” (as such term is used in the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission) (or discuss with any third party the potential formation of a group) with respect to any securities of aTyr or a Business Combination involving aTyr; or

(f)request aTyr (or any of its officers, directors, Affiliates, employees, attorneys, accountants, financial advisors and other professional representatives) to amend or waive any provision of this Section 14.4.1 or Section 14.4.2.

14.4.2.Exceptions. Notwithstanding the restrictions of Section 14.4.1, nothing in that Section will prohibit Kyorin or any of its Affiliates from (i) making a confidential proposal to aTyr for a transaction involving a Business Combination; provided that such confidential proposal would not reasonably be expected to require public disclosure, or (ii) owning or acquiring in the ordinary course and for passive investment purposes the legal or beneficial interest representing beneficial ownership for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act of up to [***] of the outstanding shares of common stock of aTyr. The restrictions of Section 14.4.1 will terminate automatically upon (i) aTyr (X) publicly announcing that it has entered into a definitive agreement with a Third Party to effect a Business Combination, or (Y) publicly announcing aTyr’s or its Board of Directors’ approval or recommendation of any Business Combination; or (ii) any Person (for the avoidance of doubt, other than Kyorin or any of its Affiliates) commencing a tender or exchange offer that, if consummated, would make such person (or any of its Affiliates) the beneficial owner (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) of more than fifty percent (50%) of aTyr’s equity securities, or any rights or options to acquire such ownership, including from a Third Party, except if such Third Party tender or exchange offer is withdrawn or terminated within fourteen (14) calendar days after its commencement, or aTyr or its Board of Directors rejects such Third Party offer or recommends that the stockholders of aTyr do not tender or exchange their securities within fourteen (14) calendar days after its commencement, provided that Kyorin and aTyr expressly agree that the termination of the obligations under Section 14.4.1 pursuant to this Section 14.4.2 will only occur if, in connection with the applicable event set forth in this Section 14.4.2, there is and has been no breach by Kyorin or any of its Affiliates of the restrictions set forth in Section 14.4.1.

14.5.Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement, together with any applicable supply agreement (and related quality agreements) between the Parties, any applicable quality related agreements between the Parties, and SDEA, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all previous arrangements with respect to the subject matter hereof, whether written or oral, including, effective as of the Effective Date, the Confidentiality Agreements between aTyr and Kyorin, dated July 19, 2019 (provided that all information disclosed or exchanged under such Confidentiality Agreement will be treated as Confidential Information disclosed hereunder). This

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Agreement may be amended, or any term hereof modified, only by a written instrument duly-executed by authorized representatives of both Parties. The exhibits or schedules referenced herein may be amended, or any term hereof modified, only by a written instrument duly-executed by authorized representatives of both Parties.

14.6.Severability. If any provision hereof should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect in any jurisdiction, the Parties will substitute, by mutual consent, valid provisions for such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions, which valid provisions in their economic effect are sufficiently similar to the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions that it can be reasonably assumed that the Parties would have entered into this Agreement with such valid provisions. In case such valid provisions cannot be agreed upon, the invalid, illegal or unenforceable nature of one or several provisions of this Agreement will not affect the validity of this Agreement as a whole, unless the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions are of such essential importance to this Agreement that it is to be reasonably assumed that the Parties would not have entered into this Agreement without the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

14.7.Headings. The captions to the Sections hereof are not a part of this Agreement, but are merely for convenience to assist in locating and reading the several Sections hereof.

14.8.Waiver of Rule of Construction. Each Party has had the opportunity to consult with counsel in connection with the review, drafting and negotiation of this Agreement. Accordingly, the rule of construction that any ambiguity in this Agreement will be construed against the drafting Party will not apply.

14.9.Interpretation. Except where the context expressly requires otherwise, (a) the use of any gender herein will be deemed to encompass references to either or both genders, and the use of the singular will be deemed to include the plural (and vice versa); (b) the words “include”, “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation” and will not be interpreted to limit the provision to which it relates; (c) the word “shall” will be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “will”; (d) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document herein will be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or modifications set forth herein); (e) any reference herein to any Person will be construed to include the Person’s successors and assigns; (f) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and words of similar import, will be construed to refer to this Agreement in each of their entirety, as the context requires, and not to any particular provision hereof; (g) all references herein to Sections will be construed to refer to Sections of this Agreement, and references to this Agreement include all exhibits and schedules referenced herein, as applicable; (h) the word “notice” means notice in writing (whether or not specifically stated) and will include notices, consents, approvals and other written communications contemplated under this Agreement; (i) provisions that require that a Party, the Parties or any committee hereunder “agree,” “consent” or “approve” or the like will require that such agreement, consent or approval be specific and in writing, whether by written agreement, letter, approved minutes or otherwise (but excluding e-mail and instant messaging); (j) references to any specific law, rule or regulation, or article, section or other division thereof, will be deemed to include the then-current amendments thereto or any replacement or successor law, rule or regulation thereof; and (k) the term “or” will be interpreted in the inclusive sense commonly associated with the term “and/or”.

14.10.No Implied Waivers; Rights Cumulative. No failure on the part of aTyr or Kyorin to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, power, remedy or privilege under this Agreement, or provided by statute or at Law or in equity or otherwise, will impair, prejudice or constitute a waiver of any such right, power, remedy or privilege or be construed as a waiver of any breach of this Agreement or as

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an acquiescence therein, nor will any single or partial exercise of any such right, power, remedy or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power, remedy or privilege.

14.11.Notices. All notices which are required or permitted hereunder will be in writing and sufficient if delivered personally, sent by facsimile (and promptly confirmed by personal delivery, registered or certified mail or overnight courier), sent by nationally-recognized overnight courier or sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as follows:


If to aTyr, to:	aTyr Pharma, Inc. ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ #▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ U.S.A. Attention: President and Chief Executive Officer Facsimile No.: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):	▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇.▇. Attention: L. ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Esq. Facsimile No.: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
If to Kyorin, to:	KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 6, Kanda ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇-▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Attention: Senior Director, Business Development HQs Facsimile No.: ▇▇▇ (▇) ▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):	KYORIN Holdings, Inc. 6, Kanda ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇-▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Attention: Director, Legal Facsimile No.: ▇▇▇ (▇) ▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇

or to such other address as the Party to whom notice is to be given may have furnished to the other Party in writing in accordance herewith. Any such notice will be deemed to have been given: (a) when delivered if personally delivered on a Business Day (or if delivered or sent on a non-Business Day, then on the next Business Day); (b) on the Business Day of receipt if sent by overnight courier or facsimile; or (c) on the Business Day of receipt if sent by mail.

14.12.Compliance with Export Regulations. Neither Party will export any technology licensed to it by the other Party under this Agreement except in compliance with U.S. export Laws and regulations.

14.13.Force Majeure. Neither Party will be held liable to the other Party nor be deemed to have defaulted under or breached this Agreement for failure or delay in performing any obligation under this Agreement to the extent that such failure or delay is caused by or results from causes beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party, potentially including embargoes, war, acts of war (whether war be declared or not), insurrections, riots, civil commotions, strikes, lockouts or other labor disturbances, fire, earthquakes, floods, or other acts of God. The affected Party will notify the other Party of such force

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majeure circumstances as soon as reasonably practical, and will promptly undertake all reasonable efforts necessary to cure such force majeure circumstances and resume performance of its obligations hereunder.

14.14.Independent Parties. It is expressly agreed that aTyr and Kyorin will be independent contractors and that the relationship between aTyr and Kyorin will not constitute a partnership, joint venture or agency. aTyr will not have the authority to make any statements, representations or commitments of any kind, or to take any action, which will be binding on Kyorin, without the prior written consent of Kyorin, and Kyorin will not have the authority to make any statements, representations or commitments of any kind, or to take any action, which will be binding on aTyr, without the prior written consent of aTyr.

14.15.Expenses. Except as otherwise provided herein, all fees, costs and expenses (including any legal, accounting and banking fees) incurred in connection with the preparation, negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party hereto incurring such fees, costs and expenses.

14.16.Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more counterparts, including by facsimile or PDF signature pages, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.

14.17.Performance by Affiliates. Each Party acknowledges and accepts that the other Party may exercise its rights and perform its obligations (including granting or continuing licenses and other rights) under this Agreement either directly or through one or more of its Affiliates. A Party’s Affiliates will have the benefit of all rights (including all licenses and other rights) of such Party under this Agreement, but not be subject to such Party’s obligation, unless expressly provided herein, or in the case of a permitted assignment, in accordance with Section 14.1. Accordingly, in this Agreement “Kyorin” will be interpreted to mean “Kyorin or its Affiliates” and “aTyr” will be interpreted to mean “aTyr or its Affiliates” where necessary to give each Party’s Affiliates the benefit of the rights provided to such Party in this Agreement and the ability to perform its obligations (including granting or continuing licenses and other rights) under this Agreement; provided, however, that in any event each Party will remain responsible for the acts and omissions, including financial liabilities, of its Affiliates.

14.18.Binding Effect; No Third Party Beneficiaries. As of the Effective Date, this Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective permitted successors and permitted assigns. Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, no Person other than the Parties and their respective Affiliates and permitted successors and permitted assignees hereunder will be deemed an intended beneficiary hereunder or have any right to enforce any obligation of this Agreement.

14.19.Further Assurances. The Parties agree to reasonably cooperate with each other in connection with any actions required to be taken in furtherance of their respective obligations under this Agreement, including (a) furnishing to each other such further information; (b) executing and delivering to each other such other documents; and (c) doing such other acts and things (including working collaboratively to correct any clerical, typographical, or other similar errors in this Agreement), all as the other Party may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out the intent of this Agreement.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.


aTyr Pharma, Inc.	KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
BY: /S/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ NAME: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, M.D., M.S. TITLE: President and Chief Executive Officer	BY: /S/ Shigeru Ogihara_ NAME:▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ TITLE:Representative Director President and Chief Executive Officer

[Signature Page to Collaboration and License Agreement]

COLLABORATION and license AGREEMENT

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