EXHIBIT 4.11
FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION
AND
FIRST UNION TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
AS INDENTURE TRUSTEE
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
[____] % JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES DUE [________]
DATED AS OF [_____________]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS....................................................................................2
1.1 Definitions of Terms.....................................................................2
ARTICLE II ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, CONDITIONS, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF THE DEBENTURES.............5
2.1 Designation and Principal Amount.........................................................5
2.2 Maturity.................................................................................5
2.3 Form and Payment.........................................................................5
2.4 Interest.................................................................................6
ARTICLE III REDEMPTION OF DEBENTURES.......................................................................7
3.1 Redemption...............................................................................7
3.2 Special Event Redemption.................................................................7
3.3 Optional Redemption by Company...........................................................7
3.4 Notice of Redemption.....................................................................8
3.5 Payment Upon Redemption..................................................................9
3.6 No Sinking Fund.........................................................................10
ARTICLE IV EXTENSION OF INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD..........................................................10
4.1 Extension of Interest Payment Period....................................................10
4.2 Notice of Extension.....................................................................10
4.3 Limitation On Transactions..............................................................11
ARTICLE V PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY...........................................................11
5.1 Covenants as to Purchases...............................................................11
5.2 Limitation On Additional Junior Indebtedness............................................12
ARTICLE VI EVENT OF DEFAULT..............................................................................13
6.1 Additional Event of Default.............................................................13
ARTICLE VII FORM OF DEBENTURE AND ORIGINAL ISSUE..........................................................14
7.1 Form of Debenture.......................................................................14
7.2 Original Issue of Debentures............................................................14
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, dated as of [____________] (this "First
Supplemental Indenture") between First Merchants Corporation, an Indiana
corporation (the "Company") and First Union Trust Company, National Association
(the "Trustee") under the Indenture dated as of [________________] between the
Company and the Trustee (the "Indenture").
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Company executed and delivered the Indenture to the Trustee to
provide for the future issuance of the Company's unsecured junior subordinated
debentures to be issued from time to time in one or more series as might be
determined by the Company under the Indenture, in an unlimited aggregate
principal amount which may be authenticated and delivered as provided in the
Indenture;
WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Company desires to
provide for the establishment of a new series of such debentures to be known as
its [____]% Junior Subordinated Debentures due [_______________] (the
"Debentures"), the form and substance of such Debentures and the terms,
provisions and conditions thereof to be set forth as provided in the Indenture
and this First Supplemental Indenture;
WHEREAS, First Merchants Capital Trust [I/II/III], a Delaware statutory
business trust (the "Trust"), has offered to the public up to $[__________]
aggregate liquidation amount of its [______] Preferred Securities (the
"Preferred Securities") and proposes to invest the proceeds from such offering,
together with the proceeds of the issuance and sale by the Trust to the Company
of up to $[________] aggregate liquidation amount of its [___]% Common
Securities (the "Common Securities"), in up to $[___________] aggregate
principal amount of the Debentures;
WHEREAS, the Company has requested that the Trustee execute and deliver
this First Supplemental Indenture;
WHEREAS, all requirements necessary to make this First Supplemental
Indenture a valid instrument in accordance with its terms, and to make the
Debentures, when executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee, the valid obligations of the Company, have been performed, and the
execution and delivery of this First Supplemental Indenture have been duly
authorized in all respects;
WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Debentures are
to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the
execution of this First Supplemental Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this First Supplemental Indenture a
valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Debentures by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as
follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of the Debentures:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
1.1 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS.
A term defined in the Indenture has the same meaning when used in this
First Supplemental Indenture and a term defined anywhere in this First
Supplemental Indenture has the same meaning throughout. A term defined in both
the Indenture and this First Supplemental Indenture has the meaning herein given
to it in this First Supplemental Indenture. Terms used herein shall include the
plural as well as the singular.
"Accelerated Maturity Date" means if the Company elects to accelerate the
Maturity Date in accordance with Section 2.2(b), the date selected by the
Company which is prior to the Scheduled Maturity Date, but is after
[____________].
"Additional Interest" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.4(c).
"Additional Junior Indebtedness" means, without duplication, (A) any
indebtedness, liabilities or obligations of the Company, or any Affiliate of the
Company, under debt securities (or guarantees in respect of debt securities)
initially issued to any trust, or a trustee of a trust, partnership or other
entity affiliated with the Company that is, directly or indirectly, a finance
subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 3a-5 under the Investment Company
Act) or other financing vehicle of the Company or any Affiliate of the Company
in connection with the issuance by that entity of preferred securities or other
securities that are intended to qualify for Tier 1 capital treatment (or the
then equivalent thereof) for purposes of the capital adequacy guidelines of the
Federal Reserve, as then in effect and applicable to the Company, other than the
Debentures; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the inability of the Company to treat all or
any portion of the Additional Junior Indebtedness as Tier 1 capital shall not
disqualify it as Additional Junior Indebtedness if such inability results from
the Company having cumulative preferred stock, minority interests in
consolidated subsidiaries, or any other class of security or interest which the
Federal Reserve now or may hereafter accord Tier 1 capital treatment (including
the Debentures) in excess of the amount which may qualify for treatment as Tier
1 capital under applicable capital adequacy guidelines of the Federal Reserve,
and (B) any indebtedness, liabilities or obligations of the Company, or any
Affiliate of the Company, that is junior or otherwise subordinate in right of
payment to Senior Indebtedness of the Company and that has a maturity or is
otherwise due and payable by the Company on a date twelve (12) months or more
after its date of original issuance, other than the Debentures.
"Capital Treatment Event" means the receipt by the Company and the Trust of
an Opinion of Counsel, rendered by a law firm having a recognized national bank
regulatory practice, to the effect that, as a result of any amendment to, or
change (including any announced prospective change) in, the laws (or any
regulations thereunder) of the United States or any political subdivision
thereof or therein, or as a result of any official or administrative
pronouncement or action or judicial decision interpreting or applying such laws
or regulations, which amendment or change is effective or which pronouncement or
decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the Preferred
Securities under the Trust Agreement, there is more than an insubstantial risk
of impairment of the
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Company's ability to treat the Preferred Securities (or any substantial portion
thereof) as Tier 1 capital (or the then equivalent thereof), for purposes of the
capital adequacy guidelines of the Federal Reserve, as then in effect and
applicable to the Company; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Trust or the Company
shall have requested and received such an Opinion of Counsel with regard to such
matters within a reasonable period of time after the Trust or the Company shall
have become aware of the possible occurrence of any such event; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that the inability of the Company to treat all or any portion of the
Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities as Tier 1 Capital shall not
constitute the basis for a Capital Treatment Event if such inability results
from the Company having cumulative preferred stock, minority interests in
consolidated subsidiaries, or any other class of security or interest which the
Federal Reserve now or may hereafter accord Tier 1 Capital treatment in excess
of the amount which may now or hereafter qualify for treatment as Tier 1 Capital
under applicable capital adequacy guidelines of the Federal Reserve as now or
hereafter in effect; PROVIDED, FURTHER, HOWEVER, that the distribution of the
Debentures in connection with the dissolution of the Trust shall not in and of
itself constitute a Capital Treatment Event.
"Change in 1940 Act Law" shall have the meaning set forth in the definition
of "Investment Company Event."
"Compounded Interest" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.
"Coupon Rate" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.4(a).
"Deferred Interest" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.
"Dissolution Event" means that as a result of the occurrence and
continuation of a Special Event, the Trust is to be dissolved in accordance with
the Trust Agreement and the Debentures held by the Property Trustee are to be
distributed to the holders of the Trust Securities issued by the Trust pro rata
in accordance with the Trust Agreement.
"Extended Interest Payment Period" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 4.1.
"Interest Payment Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.4(a).
"Investment Company Act," means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended, as in effect at the date of execution of this Indenture.
"Investment Company Event" means the receipt by the Trust and the Company
of an Opinion of Counsel, rendered by a law firm having a recognized national
tax and securities law practice, to the effect that, as a result of the
occurrence of a change in law or regulation or a change in interpretation or
application of law or regulation by any legislative body, court, governmental
agency or regulatory authority (a "Change in 1940 Act Law"), the Trust is or
shall be considered an "investment company" that is required to be registered
under the Investment Company Act, which Change in 1940 Act Law becomes effective
on or after the date of original issuance of the Preferred Securities under the
Trust Agreement; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Trust or the Company shall have
requested and received such an Opinion of Counsel with regard to such matters
within a reasonable period of time after the Trust or the Company shall have
become aware of the possible occurrence of any such event.
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"Maturity Date" means the date on which the Debentures mature and on which
the principal shall be due and payable together with all accrued and unpaid
interest thereon, including Compounded Interest and Additional Interest, if any.
"Ministerial Action" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.
"Property Trustee" has the meaning set forth in the Trust Agreement.
"Redemption Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.
"Scheduled Maturity Date" means [_______________].
"Special Event" means a Tax Event, an Investment Company Event or a Capital
Treatment Event.
"Tax Event" means the receipt by the Company and the Trust of an Opinion of
Counsel, rendered by a law firm having a recognized national tax and securities
practice, to the effect that, as a result of any amendment to, or change
(including any announced prospective change) in, the laws (or any regulations
thereunder) of the United States or any political subdivision or taxing
authority thereof or therein, or as a result of any official administrative
pronouncement or judicial decision interpreting or applying such laws or
regulations, which amendment or change is effective or which pronouncement or
decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the Preferred
Securities under the Trust Agreement, there is more than an insubstantial risk
that (i) the Trust is, or shall be within 90 days after the date of such Opinion
of Counsel, subject to United States federal income tax with respect to income
received or accrued on the Debentures; (ii) interest payable by the Company on
the Debentures is not, or within 90 days after the date of such Opinion of
Counsel, shall not be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in part, for
United States federal income tax purposes; or (iii) the Trust is, or shall be
within 90 days after the date of such Opinion of Counsel, subject to more than a
DE MINIMIS amount of other taxes, duties, assessments or other governmental
charges; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Trust or the Company shall have requested
and received such an Opinion of Counsel with regard to such matters within a
reasonable period of time after the Trust or the Company shall have become aware
of the possible occurrence of any of the events described in clauses (i) through
(iii) above.
"Trust Agreement" means the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as
of [_____________________] among the Company, First Union Trust Company,
National Association, as Property Trustee and Delaware Trustee and the
administrative trustees named therein.
"Trust Securities" means the Preferred Securities and the Common
Securities, collectively.
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ARTICLE II
ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, CONDITIONS, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE
OF THE DEBENTURES
2.1 DESIGNATION AND PRINCIPAL AMOUNT.
There is hereby authorized Debentures designated the [_____]% Junior
Subordinated Debentures due [_____] limited in aggregate principal amount to
$[____________] which amount shall be as set forth in any written order of the
Company for the authentication and delivery of Debentures pursuant to Section
2.2 of the Indenture.
2.2 MATURITY.
(a) The Maturity Date shall be either:
(i) the Scheduled Maturity Date; or
(ii) if the Company elects to accelerate the Maturity Date to be
a date prior to the Scheduled Maturity Date in accordance with
Section 2.2(c), the Accelerated Maturity Date.
(b) the Company may at any time before the day which is 90 days
before the Scheduled Maturity Date and after [_______________] elect to shorten
the Maturity Date only once to the Accelerated Maturity Date, PROVIDED that the
Company has received the prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required
under applicable capital guidelines, policies or regulations of the Federal
Reserve.
(c) if the Company elects to accelerate the Maturity Date in
accordance with Section 2.2(b), the Company shall give notice to the Trustee and
the Trust (unless the Trust is not the holder of the Debentures, in which case
the Trustee will give notice to the holders of the Debentures) of the
acceleration of the Maturity Date and the Accelerated Maturity Date at least 30
days and no more than 180 days before the Accelerated Maturity Date; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER that nothing provided in this Section 2.2 shall limit the Company's
rights, as provided in Article III hereof, to redeem all or a portion of the
Debentures at such time or times on or after [______________________], as the
Company may so determine, or at any time upon the occurrence of a Special Event.
2.3 FORM AND PAYMENT.
The Debentures shall be issued in fully registered certificated form
without interest coupons. Principal and interest on the Debentures issued in
certificated form shall be payable, the transfer of such Debentures shall be
registrable and such Debentures shall be exchangeable for Debentures bearing
identical terms and provisions at the office or agency of the Trustee; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company by
check mailed to the holder at such address as shall appear in the Debenture
Register or by wire transfer to an account maintained
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by the holder as specified in the Debenture Register, PROVIDED that the holder
provides proper transfer instructions by the regular record date.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as the holder of any Debentures is the
Property Trustee, the payment of principal of and interest (including Compounded
Interest and Additional Interest, if any) on such Debentures held by the
Property Trustee shall be made at such place and to such account as may be
designated by the Property Trustee.
2.4 INTEREST.
(a) Each Debenture shall bear interest at the rate of [____]% per
annum (the "Coupon Rate") from the original date of issuance until the principal
thereof becomes due and payable, and on any overdue principal and (to the extent
that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) on any
overdue installment of interest at the Coupon Rate, compounded quarterly,
payable quarterly in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31
of each year (each, an "Interest Payment Date"), commencing on
[_________________] to the Person in whose name such Debenture or any
Predecessor Debenture is registered, at the close of business on the regular
record date for such interest installment, which shall be the fifteenth day of
the last month of the calendar quarter.
(b) The amount of interest payable for any period shall be computed
on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. The amount of interest
payable for any period shorter than a full quarterly period for which interest
is computed, shall be computed on the basis of the number of days elapsed in a
360-day year of twelve 30-day months. In the event that any date on which
interest is payable on the Debentures is not a Business Day, then payment of
interest payable on such date shall be made on the next succeeding day which is
a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such
delay), except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar
year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day (and
without any reduction of interest or any other payment in respect of any such
acceleration), in each case with the same force and effect as is made on the
date such payment was originally payable.
(c) If, at any time while the Property Trustee is the holder of any
Debentures, the Trust or the Property Trustee is required to pay any taxes,
duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever nature (other than
withholding taxes) imposed by the United States, or any other taxing authority,
then, in any case, the Company shall pay as additional interest ("Additional
Interest") on the Debentures held by the Property Trustee, such additional
amounts as shall be required so that the net amounts received and retained by
the Trust and the Property Trustee after paying such taxes, duties, assessments
or other governmental charges shall be equal to the amounts the Trust and the
Property Trustee would have received had no such taxes, duties, assessments or
other government charges been imposed.
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ARTICLE III
REDEMPTION OF DEBENTURES
3.1 REDEMPTION.
Subject to the Company having received prior approval of the Federal
Reserve, if then required under the applicable capital guidelines, policies or
regulations of the Federal Reserve, the Company may redeem the Debentures issued
hereunder on and after the dates set forth in and in accordance with the terms
of this Article III.
3.2 SPECIAL EVENT REDEMPTION.
Subject to the Company having received the prior approval of the Federal
Reserve, if then required under the applicable capital guidelines, policies or
regulations of the Federal Reserve, if a Special Event has occurred and is
continuing, then, notwithstanding Section 3.3(a) but subject to Section 3.3(b),
the Company shall have the right upon not less than 30 days' nor more than 60
days' notice to the holders of the Debentures to redeem the Debentures, in whole
but not in part, for cash within 180 days following the occurrence of such
Special Event (the "180-Day Period") at a redemption price equal to 100% of the
principal amount to be redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon to
the date of such redemption (the "Redemption Price"), PROVIDED that if at the
time there is available to the Company the opportunity to eliminate, within the
180-Day Period, a Tax Event by taking some ministerial action (a "Ministerial
Action"), such as filing a form or making an election, or pursuing some other
similar reasonable measure which has no adverse effect on the Company, the Trust
or the holders of the Trust Securities issued by the Trust, the Company shall
pursue such Ministerial Action in lieu of redemption, and, PROVIDED FURTHER,
that the Company shall have no right to redeem the Debentures pursuant to this
Section 3.2 while it is pursuing any Ministerial Action pursuant to its
obligations hereunder, and, PROVIDED FURTHER, that, if it is determined that the
taking of a Ministerial Action would not eliminate the Tax Event within the 180
Day Period, the Company's right to redeem the Debentures pursuant to this
Section 3.2 shall be restored and it shall have no further obligations to pursue
the Ministerial Action. The Redemption Price shall be paid prior to 12:00 noon,
New York time, on the date of such redemption or such earlier time as the
Company determines, PROVIDED that the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an
amount sufficient to pay the Redemption Price by 10:00 a.m., New York time, on
the date such Redemption Price is to be paid.
3.3 OPTIONAL REDEMPTION BY COMPANY.
(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3(c), except as otherwise
may be specified in this Indenture, the Company shall have the right to redeem
the Debentures, in whole or in part, from time to time, on or after
[_______________], at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount
to be redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of such
redemption. Any redemption pursuant to this Section 3.3(a) shall be made upon
not less than 30 days' nor more than 60 days' notice to the holder of the
Debentures, at the Redemption Price. If the Debentures are only partially
redeemed pursuant to this Section 3.3(a), the Debentures shall be redeemed pro
rata or by lot or in such other manner as the Trustee shall deem appropriate and
fair in its discretion. The Redemption Price shall be paid prior to
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12:00 noon, New York time, on the date of such redemption or at such earlier
time as the Company determines PROVIDED that the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee an amount sufficient to pay the Redemption Price by 10:00 a.m., New York
time, on the date such Redemption Price is to be paid.
(b) Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3(c), the Company
shall have the right to redeem Debentures at any time and from time to time in a
principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust
Agreement) of any Preferred Securities purchased and beneficially owned by the
Company, plus an additional principal amount of Debentures equal to the
Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of that number of Common
Securities that bears the same proportion to the total number of Common
Securities then outstanding as the number of Preferred Securities to be redeemed
bears to the total number of Preferred Securities then outstanding. Such
Debentures shall be redeemed pursuant to this Section 3.3(b) only in exchange
for and upon surrender by the Company to the Property Trustee of the Preferred
Securities and a proportionate amount of Common Securities, whereupon the
Property Trustee shall cancel the Preferred Securities and Common Securities so
surrendered and a Like Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of Debentures
shall be extinguished by the Trustee and shall no longer be deemed Outstanding.
(c) If a partial redemption of the Debentures would result in the
delisting of the Preferred Securities issued by the Trust from The Nasdaq
National Market or any national securities exchange or other organization on
which the Preferred Securities are then listed or quoted, the Company shall not
be permitted to effect such partial redemption and may only redeem the
Debentures in whole or in part to such extent as would not cause a delisting.
3.4 NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.
(a) Except in the case of a redemption pursuant to Section 3.3(b), in
case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the
case may be, a portion of the Debentures in accordance with the right reserved
so to do, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to upon receipt of 45
days' written notice from the Company (which notice shall, in the event of a
partial redemption, include a representation to the effect that such partial
redemption will not result in the delisting of the Preferred Securities as
described in Section 3.3(c) above), give notice of such redemption to holders of
the Debentures to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice
of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 60 days before the
date fixed for redemption to such holders at their last addresses as they shall
appear upon the Debenture Register unless a shorter period is specified in the
Debentures to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not
the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give
such notice to the holder of any Debenture designated for redemption in whole or
in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the
proceedings for the redemption of any other Debentures. In the case of any
redemption of Debentures prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption provided in the terms of such Debentures or elsewhere herein or in
the Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers'
Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction. Each such notice of
redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and the Redemption Price
and shall state that payment of the Redemption Price shall be made at the
Corporate Trust Office, upon
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presentation and surrender of such Debentures, that interest accrued to the date
fixed for redemption shall be paid as specified in said notice and that from and
after said date interest shall cease to accrue. If less than all the Debentures
are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of the Debentures shall specify
the particular Debentures to be redeemed. If the Debentures are to be redeemed
in part only, the notice shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof
to be redeemed and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon
surrender of such Debenture, a new Debenture or Debentures in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion thereof shall be issued.
(b) Except in the case of redemption pursuant to Section 3.3(b), if
less than all the Debentures are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the
Trustee at least 45 days' notice in advance of the date fixed for redemption as
to the aggregate principal amount of Debentures to be redeemed, and thereupon
the Trustee shall select, pro rata or by lot or in such other manner as it shall
deem appropriate and fair in its discretion, the portion or portions (equal to
$____ or any integral multiple thereof) of the Debentures to be redeemed and
shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the
Debentures to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever
it shall so elect pursuant to the terms hereof, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by its Chairman, its President or any Vice President, its
Chief Financial Officer, or its Treasurer, instruct the Trustee or any paying
agent to call all or any part of the Debentures for redemption and to give
notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section 3.4, such notice to
be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying
agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be
given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or
cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying
agent, as the case may be, such Debenture Register, transfer books or other
records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the
Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required
under the provisions of this Section 3.4.
3.5 PAYMENT UPON REDEMPTION.
(a) If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed
as above provided, the Debentures or portions of Debentures to be redeemed
specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the
place stated in such notice at the applicable Redemption Price, and interest on
such Debentures or portions of Debentures shall cease to accrue on and after the
date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of
such Redemption Price with respect to any such Debenture or portion thereof. On
presentation and surrender of such Debentures on or after the date fixed for
redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Debentures
shall be paid and redeemed at the Redemption Price (but if the date fixed for
redemption is an Interest Payment Date, the interest installment payable on such
date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the
applicable record date pursuant to Section 3.3).
(b) Upon presentation of any Debenture that is to be redeemed in part
only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the
office or agency where the Debenture is presented shall deliver to the holder
thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Debenture of authorized
denomination in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the
Debenture so presented.
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3.6 NO SINKING FUND.
The Debentures are not entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund.
ARTICLE IV
EXTENSION OF INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD
4.1 EXTENSION OF INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD.
The Company shall have the right, at any time and from time to time during
the term of the Debentures so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing, to defer payments of interest by extending the interest payment
period of such Debentures for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters
(the "Extended Interest Payment Period"), during which Extended Interest Payment
Period no interest shall be due and payable; PROVIDED that no Extended Interest
Payment Period may extend beyond the Maturity Date or end on a date other than
an Interest Payment Date. To the extent permitted by applicable law, interest,
the payment of which has been deferred because of the extension of the interest
payment period pursuant to this Section 4.1, shall bear interest thereon at the
Coupon Rate compounded quarterly for each quarter of the Extended Interest
Payment Period ("Compounded Interest"). At the end of the Extended Interest
Payment Period, the Company shall calculate (and deliver such calculation to the
Trustee) and pay all interest accrued and unpaid on the Debentures, including
any Additional Interest and Compounded Interest (together, "Deferred Interest")
that shall be payable to the holders of the Debentures in whose names the
Debentures are registered in the Debenture Register on the first record date
after the end of the Extended Interest Payment Period. Before the termination of
any Extended Interest Payment Period, the Company may further extend such period
so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, provided that
such period together with all such further extensions thereof shall not exceed
20 consecutive quarters, or extend beyond the Maturity Date of the Debentures or
end on a date other than an Interest Payment Date. Upon the termination of any
Extended Interest Payment Period and upon the payment of all Deferred Interest
then due, the Company may commence a new Extended Interest Payment Period,
subject to the foregoing requirements. No interest shall be due and payable
during an Extended Interest Payment Period, except at the end thereof, but the
Company may prepay at any time all or any portion of the interest accrued during
an Extended Interest Payment Period.
4.2 NOTICE OF EXTENSION.
(a) If the Property Trustee is the only registered holder of the
Debentures at the time the Company selects an Extended Interest Payment Period,
the Company shall give written notice to the Administrative Trustees, the
Property Trustee and the Trustee of its selection of such Extended Interest
Payment Period two Business Days before the earlier of (i) the next succeeding
date on which Distributions on the Trust Securities issued by the Trust are
payable; or (ii) the date the Trust is required to give notice of the record
date, or the date such Distributions are payable, to The Nasdaq National Market
or other applicable self-regulatory
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organization or to holders of the Preferred Securities issued by the Trust, but
in any event at least one Business Day before such record date.
(b) If the Property Trustee is not the only holder of the Debentures
at the time the Company selects an Extended Interest Payment Period, the Company
shall give the holders of the Debentures and the Trustee written notice of its
selection of such Extended Interest Payment Period at least two Business Days
before the earlier of (i) the next succeeding Interest Payment Date; or (ii) the
date the Company is required to give notice of the record or payment date of
such interest payment to The Nasdaq National Market or other applicable
self-regulatory organization or to holders of the Debentures.
(c) The quarter in which any notice is given pursuant to paragraphs
(a) or (b) of this Section 4.2 shall be counted as one of the 20 quarters
permitted in the maximum Extended Interest Payment Period permitted under
Section 4.1.
4.3 LIMITATION ON TRANSACTIONS.
If (i) the Company shall exercise its right to defer payment of interest as
provided in Section 4.1, or (ii) there shall have occurred and be continuing any
Event of Default, then (a) the Company shall not declare or pay, and shall not
allow any of its Subsidiaries to declare or pay, any dividend on, make any
distributions with respect to, or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a
liquidation payment with respect to, any of its capital stock (other than (A)
dividends or distributions in common stock of the Company or any Subsidiary of
the Company, or any declaration of a non-cash dividend in connection with the
implementation of a shareholder rights plan, or the issuance of stock under any
such plan in the future, or the redemption or repurchase of any such rights
pursuant thereto, (B) purchases of common stock of the Company related to the
rights under any benefit plans for its directors, officers or employees, (C) as
a result of a reclassification of its capital stock for another class of its
capital stock, or (D) payments of dividends or distributions to the Company);
(b) the Company shall not make, or allow any of its Subsidiaries to make, any
payment of interest, principal or premium, if any, or repay, repurchase or
redeem any debt securities issued by the Company which rank PARI PASSU with or
junior to the Debentures or make any guarantee payment with respect to any
guarantee by the Company of the debt securities of any Subsidiary of the Company
if such guarantee ranks PARI PASSU with or junior to the Debentures; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may make payments
pursuant to its obligations under the Preferred Securities Guarantee; and (c)
the Company shall not redeem, purchase or acquire less than all of the
outstanding Debentures or any of the Preferred Securities.
ARTICLE V
PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY
5.1 COVENANTS AS TO PURCHASES.
Except upon the exercise by the Company of its right to redeem the
Debentures pursuant to Section 3.2 upon the occurrence and continuation of a
Special Event or pursuant to Section 3.3(b),
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prior to [______________], the Company shall not purchase any Debentures, in
whole or in part, from the Trust.
5.2 LIMITATION ON ADDITIONAL JUNIOR INDEBTEDNESS.
Anything in the Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company
shall not, and it shall not cause or permit any Affiliate of the Company to,
incur, issue or be obligated on any Additional Junior Indebtedness, either
directly or indirectly, by way of guarantee, suretyship or otherwise, other
than:
(a) Additional Junior Indebtedness that, by its terms, is expressly
stated to be junior and subordinate in all respects to the Debentures; or
(b) Additional Junior Indebtedness that, by its terms, is expressly
stated to be PARI PASSU and rank equally in all respects with the Debentures;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates shall
incur, issue or otherwise become obligated on any Additional Junior Indebtedness
pursuant to this Section 5.2(b) unless the quotient of "X" divided by "Y" is
less than 0.60, where "X" and "Y" are calculated as described in Section 5.2(c)
and 5.2(d), respectively.
(c) As used in Section 5.2(b), "X" means the sum of the following:
(i) the aggregate liquidation amount or principal amount, as the
case may be, of the Debentures Outstanding at the time of the proposed
issuance of such Additional Junior Indebtedness pursuant to Section
5.2(b), plus
(ii) the aggregate liquidation amount or principal amount, as the
case may be, of any Additional Junior Indebtedness previously issued
and outstanding at the time of the proposed issuance of such
Additional Junior Indebtedness pursuant to Section 5.2(b), excluding
any such Additional Junior Indebtedness that, by its terms, is
expressly stated to be junior and subordinate in all respects to the
Debentures, plus
(iii) the aggregate liquidation amount or principal amount, as
the case may be, of the Additional Junior Indebtedness proposed to be
issued or otherwise incurred pursuant to Section 5.2(b), plus
(iv) the principal amount of any Senior Indebtedness of the
Company outstanding at the time of the proposed issuance of such
Additional Junior Indebtedness pursuant to Section 5.2(b) and that has
a maturity or is otherwise due and payable by the Company on a date
twelve (12) months or more after the time of the proposed issuance of
such Additional Junior Indebtedness pursuant to Section 5.2(b).
(d) As used in Section 5.2(b), "Y" means the sum of the following: -
(i) the sum of (y) the "common stockholders' equity" of the
Company, plus (z) the "perpetual preferred stock" of the Company, each
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calculated on a consolidated basis and in accordance with Appendix A
to Part 225 (Capital adequacy guidelines for bank-holding companies;
risk-based measure) of Federal Reserve Regulation Y (12 CFR 225, as
amended, as in effect at the date of execution of this Indenture),
without regard to limitations therein with respect to the inclusion of
perpetual preferred stock (whether cumulative or noncumulative) in
Tier 1 capital, determined as of the last day of the month immediately
preceding the month during which the proposed issuance of the
Additional Junior Indebtedness pursuant to Section 5.2(b) is scheduled
to occur (PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in no event shall any portion of the
Debentures, the Additional Junior Indebtedness or the Senior
Indebtedness described in Section 5.2(c) also be included in "Y" under
this Section 5.2(d)), plus
(ii) any other preferred stock of the Company that does not
otherwise qualify as "perpetual preferred stock" and is not included
in clause (d)(i) above, plus
(iii) the aggregate liquidation amount or principal amount, as
the case may be, of any Additional Junior Indebtedness, which by its
terms is expressly stated to be junior and subordinate in all respects
to the Debentures and which was previously issued and outstanding at
the time of the proposed issuance of such Additional Junior
Indebtedness pursuant to Section 5.2(b).
(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the limitations of this Section
5.2 shall not in any way preclude the Company from merging with or into, or from
acquiring or being acquired by, another Person (including by way of merger,
stock purchase or acquisition of assets) that is not an Affiliate of the Company
in an arm's length transaction entered into in good faith, even though the pro
forma consolidated balance sheet of the surviving Person immediately following
the consummation of such merger, or of the acquiror immediately following the
completion of such acquisition transaction, may include Additional Junior
Indebtedness in amounts in excess of amounts that would otherwise be permitted
by this Section 5.2; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that thereafter the limitations on
future incurrences of Additional Junior Indebtedness in this Section 5.2 shall
continue to apply to the Company (in the event that it is the surviving
corporation in such merger transaction or the acquiror in such acquisition
transaction) and shall apply to the other Person (in the event that it is the
surviving corporation in such merger transaction or the acquiror in such
acquisition transaction) whether or not such other Person is expressly made a
party hereto.
ARTICLE VI
EVENT OF DEFAULT
6.1 ADDITIONAL EVENT OF DEFAULT.
In addition to the Events of Default events set forth in the Indenture, an
"Event of Default" with respect to the Debentures will be deemed to occur if the
Trust shall have voluntarily or
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involuntarily dissolved, wound-up its business or otherwise terminated its
existence except in connection with (i) the distribution of Debentures to
holders of Trust Securities in liquidation of their interests in the Trust;
(ii) the redemption of all of the outstanding Trust Securities of the Trust; or
(iii) certain mergers, consolidations or amalgamations, each as permitted by the
Trust Agreement.
ARTICLE VII
FORM OF DEBENTURE AND ORIGINAL ISSUE
7.1 FORM OF DEBENTURE.
The Debenture and the Trustee's Certificate of Authentication to be
endorsed thereon are to be substantially in the forms contained as Exhibit A to
this Indenture, attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
7.2 ORIGINAL ISSUE OF DEBENTURES.
Debentures in the aggregate principal amount of $[____________] may, upon
execution of this Indenture, be executed by the Company and delivered to the
Trustee for authentication. If the Underwriters exercise their Option and there
is an Option Closing Date (as such terms are defined in the Underwriting
Agreement, dated [_______________], by and among the Company, the Trust and
Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx & Company, Incorporated as Representative of the several
Underwriters named therein) then, on such Option Closing Date, Debentures in the
additional aggregate principal amount of up to $[____________] may be executed
by the Company and delivered to the Trustee for authentication. The Trustee
shall thereupon authenticate and deliver said Debentures to or upon the written
order of the Company, signed by its President, or any Vice President and its
Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, without any
further action by the Company.
[SIGNATURES ON NEXT PAGE.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this First Supplemental
Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.
FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
-------------------------------
Title:
------------------------------
FIRST UNION TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
AS TRUSTEE
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
-------------------------------
Title:
------------------------------
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EXHIBIT A
(FORM OF FACE OF DEBENTURE)
FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION
[____]% JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURE
DUE [______________]
NO. $___________
CUSIP NO. ______________
First Merchants Corporation, an Indiana corporation (the "Company," which
term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture hereinafter referred
to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to, [_______________] or
registered assigns, the principal sum of __________________ ($___________) on
[______________] (the "Stated Maturity"), and to pay interest on said principal
sum from [_______________] or from the most recent interest payment date (each
such date, an "Interest Payment Date") to which interest has been paid or duly
provided for, quarterly (subject to deferral as set forth herein) in arrears on
the last day of March, June, September and December of each year commencing
[________________], at the rate of [____]% per annum until the principal hereof
shall have become due and payable, and on any overdue principal and (without
duplication and to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under
applicable law) on any overdue installment of interest at the same rate per
annum compounded quarterly. The amount of interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day
months. The amount of interest for any partial period shall be computed on the
basis of the number of days elapsed in a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
In the event that any date on which interest is payable on this Debenture is not
a business day, then payment of interest payable on such date shall be made on
the next succeeding day that is a business day (and without any interest or
other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if such business day is
in the next succeeding calendar year, payment of such interest will be made on
the immediately preceding business day, in each case, with the same force and
effect as if made on such date. The interest installment so payable, and
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall, as
provided in the Indenture, be paid to the person in whose name this Debenture
(or one or more Predecessor Debentures, as defined in said Indenture) is
registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest
installment, which shall be the close of business on the business day next
preceding such Interest Payment Date unless otherwise provided in the Indenture.
Any such interest installment not punctually paid or duly provided for shall
forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holders on such regular record
date and may be paid to the Person in whose name this Debenture (or one or more
Predecessor Debentures) is registered at the close of business on a special
record date to be fixed by the Trustee for the payment of such defaulted
interest, notice thereof shall be fixed by the Trustee for the payment of such
defaulted interest, notice thereof shall be given to the registered holders of
the Debentures not less than 10 days prior to such special record date, or may
be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
requirements of any securities exchange or quotation system on or in which the
Debentures may be listed or quoted, and upon such
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notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in the
Indenture. The principal of and the interest on this Debenture shall be payable
at the office or agency of the Trustee maintained for that purpose in any coin
or currency of the United States of America that at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that payment
of interest may be made at the option of the Company by check mailed to the
registered holder at such address as shall appear in the Debenture Register.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as the holder of this Debenture is the
Property Trustee, the payment of the principal of and interest on this Debenture
shall be made at such place and to such account as may be designated by the
Trustee.
The Stated Maturity may be shortened at any time by the Company to any date
not earlier than [_______________], subject to the Company having received prior
approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital
guidelines, policies or regulations of the Federal Reserve.
The indebtedness evidenced by this Debenture is, to the extent provided in
the Indenture, subordinate and junior in right of payment to the prior payment
in full of all Senior Indebtedness, and this Debenture is issued subject to the
provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each holder of this Debenture,
by accepting the same, (a) agrees to and shall be bound by such provisions; (b)
authorizes and directs the Trustee on his or her behalf to take such action as
may be necessary or appropriate to acknowledge or effectuate the subordination
so provided; and (c) appoints the Trustee his or her attorney-in-fact for any
and all such purposes. Each holder hereof, by his or her acceptance hereof,
hereby waives all notice of the acceptance of the subordination provisions
contained herein and in the Indenture by each holder of Senior Indebtedness,
whether now outstanding or hereafter incurred, and waives reliance by each such
holder upon said provisions.
This Debenture shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture
hereinafter referred to, be valid or become obligatory for any purpose until the
Certificate of Authentication hereon shall have been signed by or on behalf of
the Trustee.
The provisions of this Debenture are continued on the reverse side hereof
and such continued provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as
though fully set forth at this place.
[SIGNATURES ON NEXT PAGE.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be executed.
Dated [___________________]
FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
-------------------------------
Title:
------------------------------
Attest:
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
-------------------------------
Title:
------------------------------
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[FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION]
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Debentures described in the within-mentioned Indenture.
Dated: ____________, 20__
FIRST UNION TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
AS TRUSTEE OR AUTHENTICATION AGENT
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
-------------------------------
Title:
------------------------------
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[FORM OF REVERSE OF DEBENTURE]
[_______]% JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURE DUE [____]
(CONTINUED)
This Debenture is one of the subordinated debentures of the Company (herein
sometimes referred to as the "Debentures"), all issued or to be issued under and
pursuant to an Indenture dated as of [______________] (the "Original Indenture")
duly executed and delivered between the Company and First Union Trust Company,
National Association, as Trustee (the "Trustee"), as supplemented by a First
Supplemental Indenture dated as of [____________] (the "Supplemental Indenture"
and, together with the Original Indenture, the "Indenture") duly executed and
delivered between the Company and First Union Trust Company, National
Association, as Trustee, to which Indenture reference is hereby made for a
description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and
immunities thereunder of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of the
Debentures. The Debentures are limited in aggregate principal amount as
specified in the Indenture.
Because of the occurrence and continuation of a Special Event (as defined
in the Indenture), in certain circumstances, this Debenture may become due and
payable at the principal amount together with any interest accrued thereon (the
"Redemption Price"). The Redemption Price shall be paid prior to 12:00 noon,
Eastern Standard Time, on the date of such redemption or at such earlier time as
the Company determines. The Company shall have the right as set forth in the
Indenture to redeem this Debenture at the option of the Company, without premium
or penalty, in whole or in part at any time on or after [____________] (an
"Optional Redemption"), or at any time in certain circumstances upon the
occurrence of a Special Event, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the
principal amount hereof plus any accrued but unpaid interest hereon, to the date
of such redemption. Any redemption pursuant to this paragraph shall be made upon
not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days notice, at the Redemption Price. The
Redemption Price shall be paid at the time and in the manner provided therefor
in the Indenture. If the Debentures are only partially redeemed by the Company
pursuant to an Optional Redemption, the Debentures shall be redeemed pro rata or
by lot or by any other method utilized by the Trustee as described in the
Indenture.
In the event of redemption of this Debenture in part only, a new Debenture
or Debentures for the unredeemed portion hereof shall be issued in the name of
the holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.
In case an Event of Default (as defined in the Indenture) shall have
occurred and be continuing, the principal of all of the Debentures may be
declared, and upon such declaration shall become, due and payable, in the
manner, with the effect and subject to the conditions provided in the Indenture.
The Indenture contains provisions permitting the Company and the Trustee,
with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Debentures at the time Outstanding (as defined in the
Indenture) to execute supplemental indentures for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
the Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the
rights of the holders of the Debentures; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such
supplemental indenture shall (i) extend
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the fixed maturity of the Debentures except as provided in the Indenture, or
reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of
payment of interest thereon, without the consent of the holder of each Debenture
so affected; or (ii) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Debentures, the holders
of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture, without the
consent of the holders of each Debenture then Outstanding and affected thereby.
The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the Debentures at the time Outstanding, on behalf
of all of the holders of the Debentures, to waive any past default in the
performance of any of the covenants contained in the Indenture, or established
pursuant to the Indenture, and its consequences, except a default in the payment
of the principal of or interest on any of the Debentures. Any such consent or
waiver by the registered holder of this Debenture (unless revoked as provided in
the Indenture) shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all
future holders and owners of this Debenture and of any Debenture issued in
exchange herefor or in place hereof (whether by registration of transfer or
otherwise), irrespective of whether or not any notation of such consent or
waiver is made upon this Debenture.
No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Debenture or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal and interest on this Debenture
at the time and place and at the rate and in the money herein prescribed.
Provided certain conditions are met, the Company shall have the right at
any time during the term of the Debentures and from time to time to extend the
interest payment period of such Debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarters
(each, an "Extended Interest Payment Period"), at the end of which period the
Company shall pay all interest then accrued and unpaid (together with interest
thereon at the rate specified for the Debentures to the extent that payment of
such interest is enforceable under applicable law). Before the termination of
any such Extended Interest Payment Period, so long as no Event of Default shall
have occurred and be continuing, the Company may further extend such Extended
Interest Payment Period, provided that such Extended Interest Payment Period
together with all such further extensions thereof shall not exceed 00
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxx beyond the Stated Maturity or end on a date other
than an Interest Payment Date. At the termination of any such Extended Interest
Payment Period and upon the payment of all accrued and unpaid interest and any
additional amounts then due and subject to the foregoing conditions, the Company
may commence a new Extended Interest Payment Period.
As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, this Debenture is transferable by the registered holder hereof on the
Debenture Register of the Company, upon surrender of this Debenture for
registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Trustee accompanied by a
written instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company or the Trustee duly executed by the registered holder hereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Debentures of
authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount shall be
issued to the designated transferee or transferees. No service charge shall be
made for any such transfer, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in relation
thereto.
Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of this Debenture,
the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and the Debenture Registrar may deem
and treat the registered holder
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hereof as the absolute owner hereof (whether or not this Debenture shall be
overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing hereon made by
anyone other than the Debenture Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment
of or on account of the principal hereof and interest due hereon and for all
other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor
any Debenture Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
No recourse shall be had for the payment of the principal of or the
interest on this Debenture, or for any claim based hereon, or otherwise in
respect hereof, or based on or in respect of the Indenture, against any
incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future, as
such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, whether by
virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any
assessment or penalty or otherwise, all such liability being, by the acceptance
hereof and as part of the consideration for the issuance hereof, expressly
waived and released.
The Debentures are issuable only in registered form without coupons in
denominations of $[___] and any integral multiple thereof.
All terms used in this Debenture that are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.
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