{"component": "clause", "props": {"groups": [{"samples": [{"hash": "jfBQyMxOz8m", "uri": "/contracts/jfBQyMxOz8m#single-source", "label": "Application Agreement and Integration Services", "score": 24.1704311371, "published": true}, {"hash": "1hktT7c7G0c", "uri": "/contracts/1hktT7c7G0c#single-source", "label": "Application Agreement and Integration Services", "score": 24.1704311371, "published": true}, {"hash": "1FaK7kU5P28", "uri": "/contracts/1FaK7kU5P28#single-source", "label": "Application Agreement and Integration Services", "score": 24.1704311371, "published": true}], "snippet": "Single-source state exchange mechanisms such as Leader/Follower and Master/Shadow are par- ticularly well-suited for systems that are constrained to only benign faults. For this to be true, though, hosts as well as the network must be constrained to the benign failure class. When this is achieved, the Leader or Master can broadcast the definitive applications state without broadcasting any errors (i.e., all state that is transferred will be correct, but delivery is not guaranteed). In the Leader/Follower case, a leader is elected from a set of candidates and holds tenure until it fails. During its tenure, the Leader is the definitive source of state and broadcasts that state with sufficient frequency to meet system requirements. Detection of the Leader\u2019s failure is simplified in time-triggered networks. All the Leader needs to do is to transmit a periodic heartbeat. When any of the nodes that are capable of voting for a new leader detect that the heartbeat has failed, they cast a vote for a new leader. If the threshold for electing a new leader is based on the total number of eligible voters rather than the total number of voters participating in any particular election, the voting mechanism itself can mask potential problems with inconsistent observations of the current leader\u2019s failure. That is, if only a minority of the eligible voters observes that the heartbeat has failed, they cannot cast enough votes to elect a new leader. Some bandwidth can be saved if the state transfer acts as the heartbeat. In the Master/Shadow case, the current Master and all shadows form a priority ordered set. The highest priority fault-free participant in that set is the current Master. To save bandwidth in ARINC 659, there are Master/Shadow slots in the schedule that allow up to four nodes to use the same bandwidth. Using a mini-slotting protocol within those slots, the highest priority participant is allowed the first chance to transmit. If it doesn\u2019t begin to transmit within it mini-slot, the next higher priority participant attempts to transmit, ... and so on through the fourth priority. For state exchanges, all the participants would send the required state in that slot using the same format regardless of the source. Thus, any receiver needing this state can use the data transferred in this slot without needing to know the source. This can accommodate participants with omission failures, but not manifest failures. A similar thing can be done for TTEthernet, with the additional benefit that these mechanisms on TTEthernet can also tolerate manifest failures. The way that this can be done for TTEthernet is to have the potential Leaders or Masters (collectively call them contenders) share the same Bandwidth Allocation Gap (BAG) resources. If the current Leader or Master is alive, it consumes the allocation. This consumption can be used to hold off the other contenders. For the Leader/Follower case, the consumption is the heartbeat that is used to hold off the vote for a new Leader. For the Master/Shadow case, the contenders are scheduled to have contiguous transmission windows with the temporal ordering of these windows being the priority for which contender takes over if the current Master fails to consume their shared BAG allocation.", "size": 5, "snippet_links": [{"key": "source-state", "type": "definition", "offset": [7, 19]}, {"key": "the-network", "type": "clause", "offset": [215, 226]}, {"key": "the-leader", "type": "definition", "offset": [299, 309]}, {"key": "not-guaranteed", "type": "clause", "offset": [470, 484]}, {"key": "source-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [642, 651]}, {"key": "system-requirements", "type": "definition", "offset": [718, 737]}, {"key": "in-time", "type": "definition", "offset": [787, 794]}, {"key": "to-transmit", "type": "definition", "offset": [845, 856]}, {"key": "capable-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [910, 920]}, {"key": "a-vote", "type": "definition", "offset": [993, 999]}, {"key": "based-on", "type": "definition", "offset": [1064, 1072]}, {"key": "total-number-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [1077, 1092]}, {"key": "eligible-voters", "type": "clause", "offset": [1093, 1108]}, {"key": "participating-in", "type": "definition", "offset": [1148, 1164]}, {"key": "the-voting", "type": "clause", "offset": [1190, 1200]}, {"key": "the-current", "type": "clause", "offset": [1280, 1291]}, {"key": "the-state", "type": "clause", "offset": [1485, 1494]}, {"key": "form-a", "type": "definition", "offset": [1589, 1595]}, {"key": "highest-priority", "type": "clause", "offset": [1622, 1638]}, {"key": "the-schedule", "type": "clause", "offset": [1762, 1774]}, {"key": "fourth-priority", "type": "definition", "offset": [2093, 2108]}, {"key": "the-participants", "type": "definition", "offset": [2135, 2151]}, {"key": "the-source", "type": "clause", "offset": [2231, 2241]}, {"key": "this-state", "type": "definition", "offset": [2270, 2280]}, {"key": "the-data", "type": "clause", "offset": [2289, 2297]}, {"key": "additional-benefit", "type": "definition", "offset": [2497, 2515]}, {"key": "bandwidth-allocation", "type": "clause", "offset": [2729, 2749]}, {"key": "the-allocation", "type": "clause", "offset": [2825, 2839]}], "hash": "737e7876121a766bc32625bafb01740c", "id": 1}, {"samples": [{"hash": "6lDIy8ckDlz", "uri": "/contracts/6lDIy8ckDlz#single-source", "label": "Client Services Contract", "score": 30.0379276276, "published": true}], "snippet": "Funding The Contractor will:\n7.4.1 Ensure all Subcontractors that Single Source Funding means that a Subcontractor can use only one source of funds at any given time.\n7.4.2 Ensure each cost reimbursement prevention service provided must be billed only one (1) time through the source selected for funding this expense. At no time may the same expense be billed through more than one (1) funding source.", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-contractor-will", "type": "clause", "offset": [8, 27]}, {"key": "single-source-funding", "type": "clause", "offset": [66, 87]}, {"key": "a-subcontractor", "type": "definition", "offset": [99, 114]}, {"key": "source-of-funds", "type": "clause", "offset": [132, 147]}, {"key": "cost-reimbursement", "type": "definition", "offset": [185, 203]}, {"key": "service-provided", "type": "definition", "offset": [215, 231]}, {"key": "the-source", "type": "clause", "offset": [273, 283]}, {"key": "for-funding", "type": "clause", "offset": [293, 304]}, {"key": "funding-source", "type": "definition", "offset": [387, 401]}], "hash": "5fd5b23db40b0ab0a6695ba2d2bc5bd6", "id": 9}, {"samples": [{"hash": "hg9baEkE8FW", "uri": "/contracts/hg9baEkE8FW#single-source", "label": "Fourth Amendment to Contract Number Pm20920", "score": 27.3600273132, "published": true}, {"hash": "3n1vlpbZRpY", "uri": "/contracts/3n1vlpbZRpY#single-source", "label": "Contract Amendment", "score": 24.0718688965, "published": true}], "snippet": "A procurement where two or more Bidders can supply the required Product, and the Commissioner may award the contract to one Bidder over the other.", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "required-product", "type": "definition", "offset": [55, 71]}, {"key": "the-commissioner", "type": "clause", "offset": [77, 93]}, {"key": "the-contract", "type": "clause", "offset": [104, 116]}], "hash": "5f26395a5a1a0168b7a5ae02bdcf8d8f", "id": 5}, {"samples": [{"hash": "6LI6nJrKI8g", "uri": "/contracts/6LI6nJrKI8g#single-source", "label": "Loan Agreement", "score": 26.5331954956, "published": true}, {"hash": "74eTC5zaMMh", "uri": "/contracts/74eTC5zaMMh#single-source", "label": "Project Agreement", "score": 24.5208759308, "published": true}, {"hash": "glzql0FvQoo", "uri": "/contracts/glzql0FvQoo#single-source", "label": "Loan Agreement", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet": "Services for tasks in circumstances which meet the requirements of paragraph 3.10 of the Consultants\u2019 Guidelines for Single Source Selection, may, with the Bank\u2019s prior agreement, be procured in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 3.9 through 3.13 of the Consultants Guidelines.", "size": 4, "snippet_links": [{"key": "services-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [0, 12]}, {"key": "the-requirements", "type": "clause", "offset": [47, 63]}, {"key": "the-consultants", "type": "definition", "offset": [85, 100]}, {"key": "guidelines-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [102, 116]}, {"key": "single-source-selection", "type": "clause", "offset": [117, 140]}, {"key": "with-the-bank", "type": "clause", "offset": [147, 160]}, {"key": "prior-agreement", "type": "definition", "offset": [163, 178]}, {"key": "in-accordance-with", "type": "definition", "offset": [192, 210]}, {"key": "the-provisions-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [211, 228]}], "hash": "7d9370a5fd73371509739d378c96beb2", "id": 2}, {"samples": [{"hash": "bkJ6sxf10nY", "uri": "/contracts/bkJ6sxf10nY#single-source", "label": "Funding Agreement", "score": 23.2610664368, "published": true}, {"hash": "2E8QghCPHgM", "uri": "/contracts/2E8QghCPHgM#single-source", "label": "Funding Agreement", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet": "Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 4.01(c) above, although two (2) or more vendors can supply the requisite Equipment and/or provide the necessary related services, the City may, in its sole and absolute discretion, upon written findings setting forth the material and substantial reasons therefor, authorize Funding Recipient to procure all or any portion of the Equipment on a single source basis from vendor(s) identified by Funding Recipient, provided that such Equipment would otherwise constitute Eligible Equipment and the vendor(s) thereof otherwise constitute Eligible Vendors. In such instances, Funding Recipient shall provide the City with the circumstances leading to the selection of the vendor, including the alternatives considered, the rationale for selecting the vendor in question and the basis upon which it determined the cost was reasonable.", "size": 4, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-requirements", "type": "clause", "offset": [16, 32]}, {"key": "provide-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [134, 145]}, {"key": "related-services", "type": "clause", "offset": [156, 172]}, {"key": "the-city", "type": "clause", "offset": [174, 182]}, {"key": "sole-and-absolute-discretion", "type": "definition", "offset": [195, 223]}, {"key": "written-findings", "type": "clause", "offset": [230, 246]}, {"key": "material-and-substantial", "type": "definition", "offset": [265, 289]}, {"key": "funding-recipient", "type": "definition", "offset": [318, 335]}, {"key": "the-equipment", "type": "clause", "offset": [369, 382]}, {"key": "provided-that", "type": "clause", "offset": [456, 469]}, {"key": "eligible-equipment", "type": "definition", "offset": [512, 530]}, {"key": "the-vendor", "type": "clause", "offset": [535, 545]}, {"key": "eligible-vendors", "type": "definition", "offset": [578, 594]}, {"key": "recipient-shall", "type": "clause", "offset": [623, 638]}, {"key": "selection-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [694, 710]}, {"key": "alternatives-considered", "type": "clause", "offset": [733, 756]}, {"key": "the-basis", "type": "clause", "offset": [813, 822]}, {"key": "the-cost", "type": "clause", "offset": [848, 856]}], "hash": "003f56e049c1a4a16e5b7d975f4786d5", "id": 3}, {"samples": [{"hash": "idAwKNs1VSn", "uri": "/contracts/idAwKNs1VSn#single-source", "label": "Boiler Maintenance Agreement", "score": 27.8336391449, "published": true}, {"hash": "kpRGfqLqaao", "uri": "/contracts/kpRGfqLqaao#single-source", "label": "Elevator Maintenance Agreement", "score": 27.7734184265, "published": true}], "snippet": "Equipment furnished under the terms of this specification shall be the standard product of a single manufacturer.", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "equipment-furnished", "type": "clause", "offset": [0, 19]}, {"key": "terms-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [30, 38]}, {"key": "standard-product", "type": "definition", "offset": [71, 87]}], "hash": "8841c13ad6b5e9210d6af35a22566662", "id": 4}, {"samples": [{"hash": "ePs0hYlivxL", "uri": "/contracts/ePs0hYlivxL#single-source", "label": "Purchasing Waiver Request", "score": 29.2962741852, "published": true}, {"hash": "J2sIP2nJ8L", "uri": "/contracts/J2sIP2nJ8L#single-source", "label": "Purchasing Waiver Request", "score": 26.2752170563, "published": true}], "snippet": "Use of another supplier would result in incompatibility with existing conditions; require considerable training, time and money to evaluate; the goods or services are being used in ongoing long-term projects; and/or the product/service offered is at a substantial discount below current market conditions and price structures (provide documentation detailing the cost benefits to the University).", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "existing-conditions", "type": "clause", "offset": [61, 80]}, {"key": "goods-or-services", "type": "definition", "offset": [145, 162]}, {"key": "the-product", "type": "clause", "offset": [216, 227]}, {"key": "service-offered", "type": "clause", "offset": [228, 243]}, {"key": "market-conditions", "type": "definition", "offset": [287, 304]}, {"key": "provide-documentation", "type": "clause", "offset": [327, 348]}, {"key": "the-cost", "type": "clause", "offset": [359, 367]}, {"key": "to-the-university", "type": "clause", "offset": [377, 394]}], "hash": "c130be9e815ff61191ee7041b72eaee9", "id": 6}, {"samples": [{"hash": "jGumJOqSvUj", "uri": "/contracts/jGumJOqSvUj#single-source", "label": "Funding Agreement", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet": "Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 4.01(c) above, although two (2) or more vendors can supply the requisite Equipment and/or Vehicle(s), DDC may, in its sole and absolute discretion, upon written findings setting forth the material and substantial reasons therefor, authorize Funding Recipient to procure all or any of the Equipment and/or Vehicle(s) on a single source basis from vendor(s) identified by Funding Recipient, provided that such Equipment and/or Vehicle(s) would otherwise constitute Eligible Equipment and Vehicle(s) and the vendor(s) thereof otherwise constitute Eligible Vendors. In such instances, Funding Recipient shall provide DDC the circumstances leading to the selection of the vendor, including the alternatives considered, the rationale for selecting the vendor in question and the basis upon which it determined the cost was reasonable.\u200c", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-requirements", "type": "clause", "offset": [16, 32]}, {"key": "sole-and-absolute-discretion", "type": "definition", "offset": [162, 190]}, {"key": "written-findings", "type": "clause", "offset": [197, 213]}, {"key": "material-and-substantial", "type": "definition", "offset": [232, 256]}, {"key": "funding-recipient", "type": "definition", "offset": [285, 302]}, {"key": "the-equipment", "type": "clause", "offset": [328, 341]}, {"key": "provided-that", "type": "clause", "offset": [433, 446]}, {"key": "eligible-equipment", "type": "definition", "offset": [507, 525]}, {"key": "the-vendor", "type": "clause", "offset": [545, 555]}, {"key": "eligible-vendors", "type": "definition", "offset": [588, 604]}, {"key": "recipient-shall", "type": "clause", "offset": [633, 648]}, {"key": "selection-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [694, 710]}, {"key": "alternatives-considered", "type": "clause", "offset": [733, 756]}, {"key": "the-basis", "type": "clause", "offset": [813, 822]}, {"key": "the-cost", "type": "clause", "offset": [848, 856]}], "hash": "76109344f07267e17c2559bc756a5dfc", "id": 7}, {"samples": [{"hash": "6lDIy8ckDlz", "uri": "/contracts/6lDIy8ckDlz#single-source", "label": "Client Services Contract", "score": 30.0379276276, "published": true}], "snippet": "Funding The Contractor will:", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-contractor-will", "type": "clause", "offset": [8, 27]}], "hash": "c2af63f8c6db9ead815a0deaef146568", "id": 8}, {"samples": [{"hash": "iaEun43yvYb", "uri": "/contracts/iaEun43yvYb#single-source", "label": "Agreement to Perform Non Professional Services", "score": 21.7784290314, "published": true}], "snippet": "Provide materials of a single manufacturer for systems specified.", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [], "hash": "38dd3158cc1cd59a1bb92e2ec46e7079", "id": 10}], "next_curs": "ClYSUGoVc35sYXdpbnNpZGVyY29udHJhY3RzcjILEhZDbGF1c2VTbmlwcGV0R3JvdXBfdjU2IhZzaW5nbGUtc291cmNlIzAwMDAwMDBhDKIBAmVuGAAgAA==", "clause": {"title": "Single Source", "parents": [["level-of-agreement-required", "Level of Agreement Required"], ["ttethernet-startup-and-synchronization-agreement", "TTEthernet Startup and Synchronization Agreement"], ["application-level-hierarchical-agreement", "Application-Level Hierarchical Agreement"], ["procurement-requirements", "Procurement Requirements"], ["definitions", "Definitions"]], "children": [["operations-manual", "Operations Manual"], ["project-coordination-and-implementation", "Project Coordination and Implementation"], ["progress-reports-and-mid-term-reviews", "Progress Reports and Mid-term Reviews"]], "size": 30, "id": "single-source", "related": [["single-source-selection", "Single Source Selection", "<strong>Single Source</strong> Selection"], ["single-use-products", "SINGLE-USE PRODUCTS", "SINGLE-USE PRODUCTS"], ["originating-switched-access-detail-usage-data", "Originating Switched Access Detail Usage Data", "Originating Switched Access Detail Usage Data"], ["loop-provisioning-involving-integrated-digital-loop-carriers", "Loop Provisioning Involving Integrated Digital Loop Carriers", "Loop Provisioning Involving Integrated Digital Loop Carriers"], ["product-changes", "Product Changes", "Product Changes"]], "related_snippets": [], "updated": "2025-07-23T06:14:19+00:00"}, "json": true, "cursor": ""}}