Shortcomings. The group of experts in sensing technologies detected some shortcomings, i.e. standards that needed to be adapted or extended for AAL. One potential gap is related to indoor localisation. There are no standards, but indoor localisation is a barrier ▪ Wi-Fi – Skyhook, Cisco MSE, Insiteo’s indoor GNSS ▪ CellID – Navizon (private), Opencellid (crowd sourced) ▪ In-location alliance is a special interest group on accurate mobile indoor positioning with over 22 members founded in August 2012. Location of sensors in the building may become relevant as AAL develops. For instance, having several sensors along a corridor that monitor the time needed to pass it can be used as an indicator of Alzheimer’s disease. A feature proposal concerned EN 50134 Personal Alarm systems (Parts 1-7), in particular the system requirements. An abstraction layer for aggregation of data is missing, e.g. from single sensors. Furthermore, aspects of semantics are missing. In spite of much interest from potential users and the research community, the cost for mass deployment is too high. Moreover, there are no standards for tracking (e.g. for human motion systems) for the provision of feedback of how the user performs, even though there are new devices like the Kinect. Finally, the system does not “understand” concepts like where the bedroom is, where the user is etc. Another comment on EN 50134 was that this standard was focused on care and did not address health issues. It was suggested to create a new sub-section to address AAL issues, which could describe the combination of care, health and home devices. Another feature proposal was regarding self-localisation and navigation of robots (the robots should share their localisation). For instance, if a laser scan was needed, the scan should be associated with the building or resident and not the device. This would allow the scan to be used by several devices (rights management and privacy need to be considered in this context). A third feature proposal was about a standard for interference monitoring in the home (which should be addressed by the Communication group in this Workshop), because peripheral devices communicating over Bluetooth, ZigBee or Wi-Fi might affect the transmission quality of other devices. The standard IEC 80001 about Medical products in an IT network should be adapted for AAL. Concerning privacy and security standards, ISO/IEC 10181 does not sufficiently address AAL issues. An open question concerned standard for acce...
Shortcomings. Shortcomings: Which of these standards need to be adapted/extended for AAL, and in which form? Which ones should be simplified or withdrawn? Looking to the standards of the AALIANCE2 repository, the ISO/IEEE 11073 “Health informatics - Medical / health device communication standards”, that currently focuses only medical and health devices for tele-monitoring, should be extended and completed considering the case of AAL technologies. This consideration is born from the idea that AAL services integrate the tools for the care of elderly health but also systems supporting the senior persons in daily activities, so these standards should evolve including also the AAL aspects.
Shortcomings. Shortcomings: Which of these standards need to be adapted/extended for AAL, and in which form? Which ones should be simplified or withdrawn? The first observation was that most AAL devices and systems for healthcare (clinical devices) and social care are already classified in some standards, rules and certifications. However this classification does not consider a full AAL perspective, which takes in account the changing characteristics of users and needs (pathology, place, habits, etc.). Therefore the recommendation is a tool that is able to identify and dynamically aggregate standards in a service and user centred design approach.
Shortcomings. Shortcomings: Which of these standards need to be adapted/extended for AAL, and in which form? Which ones should be simplified or withdrawn? The workshop participants noted that discussion could only be performed on a per use-case basis, i.e. whether or not a specific standard fulfils the requirements of a certain AAL use case. The only concrete example discussed was the one already mentioned in the opening lecture, that is, that extensions to the Broadband Forum’s Technical Recommendation TR 069 are needed to permit the remote maintenance of devices in the home, behind a residential gateway, over that gateway. Such an extension is, however, already under development.
Shortcomings a. In the event of an imputable shortcoming on the part of the Supplier, he is in default without any further notice being required.
Shortcomings. If one party fails to meet his obligations, the other party reserves the right to cancel the contract completely or partially. This right is not applicable if the shortcoming is of a very extraordinary sort or of a very small extent. Furthermore compensation of damages can be claimed, unless the shortcoming cannot be held against the other party. -‐ In case of complete or partial cancellation of the contract due to shortcoming of the supplier, the supplier will reimburse the complete or partial rent sum. If the shortcoming concerns a non delivery of a specific camper, the supplier holds the right to provide a similar camper which at least meets the specifications of the original booked camper. Kind and color may differ. -‐ If the renter returns the camper late, the supplier is entitled to a compensation of € 230,-‐ per overdue day or part of the overdue day. Also a 15% of the total rental sum as compensation and any other caused damages. -‐ Additional kilometers, on top of the kilometers that were included in the rental contract and agreed upon beforehand, will be charged according to the kilometer price stated in the contract. -‐ If the additional kilometers will add up to a 1000 kilometers or more, the renter must inform and pay the supplier beforehand. Damages In every case of loss, theft, seizure or damage the renter must always contact the supplier by telephone as soon as possible. The renter must follow the instructions of the supplier at all times. -‐ The renter is responsible for the damage and the related transport and towing costs to a maximum of the damage xxxxxx, unless the renter is not responsible. -‐ In case the camper is seized by a (local) government because of (suspected) illegal activity by the renter(such as drug trafficking), the renter must completely compensate the supplier for all damages suffered. This compensation can exceed the deposit. All costs, legal an non-‐legal, that have been made by the supplier due to the seizure of the camper must be paid by the renter. -‐ The damage xxxxxx amounts € 750,-‐ per damage. And a € 1000,-‐ per overhead damage. If necessary the damage xxxxxx will be deducted from the deposit. -‐ The supplier can never be held responsible for personal and/or material damage to the renter or histravel companions, caused by the use of the camper, a mechanical defect and/or a collision. -‐ The supplier is not required to account for the damage amount (After professional examination), Renter is allowe...
Shortcomings. A major focus of this study was same-sex sexual behaviors; yet, I did not conduct interviews with or meet any same-sex sexual identifying individuals. Additionally, neither informal nor formal interview respondents believe that homosexuals exist in Dabani. The absence of a visible same-sex sexual practicing population in Dabani limited the scope of this study. Interview data revealed heterosexual individuals‘ unfamiliarity with the transmission and prevention of HIV for same-sex behaviors. We do not know whether the same is true for same-sex sexual practicing individuals. Another shortcoming of this study is its focus on knowledge change, not behavior change. Due to IRB limitations I could only ask respondents about their beliefs. While one respondent offered a story about behavior change among sex workers, and another respondent changed her behaviors after an education program, I did not ask respondents about their sexual behaviors (Interview: Xxxx, NA12-DA). Knowledge and behavior change are both essential to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Individuals may learn about HIV transmission and prevention and still have risky sex. In order to capture all elements of program effectiveness, researchers must study both behavior and knowledge change. Most individuals interested in Dabani‘s education programs are already HIV positive. This is a shortcoming because Dabani‘s network of HIV/AIDS education programs functions more as a support network than as a teaching mechanism. As a result, I could only determine HIV education program effectiveness for individuals who used education programs as a support network. Methodological limitations discussed in Chapter 3 serve as the final shortcoming to this study. These include limited time in the field, recruitment methodology, my outside status, and the lack of research on Dabani on this topic. Without an extended period of time in Dabani to conduct the research, I was limited to a small respondent pool that was not randomly selected. I had to rely on Xxxx and Xxxxxx to recruit respondents that they knew personally, which limited the make-up of the sample population to those active in Dabani‘s HIV/AIDS education programs, those comfortable speaking about HIV/AIDS, and those who refused to test for HIV. My status as an outsider and unfamiliarity with the area also left me dependent upon Xxxx and Wafula to translate the interviews. This limited my ability to determine whether answers to interview questions were distorted ...
Shortcomings. It is considered a shortcoming when what you receive deviates from what you have booked and had confirmed. It is also a shortcoming when you are given insufficient or negligent information about conditions which would normally be of importance to the product you have booked. The following circumstances are not considered shortcomings: • minor delays when travelling • deviations from normal weather, temperatures or other climatic conditions • circumstances resulting from the travellers own negligence Even though we have done what we can to ensure accuracy and availability, some errors may occur. When such occurrences are brought to our attention, we will do our utmost to ensure that you are notified within 3 working days after your reservation has been made. We reserve the right to cancel your reservation and refund the cost, needless to say without any liability befalling the customer. In cases where the supplier cancels or makes changes to your reservation, we will do everything in our power to notify you as soon as possible. Should the supplier be unable to fulfil your booking, you will have the option of accepting an alternative offer or cancelling your booking and receiving a full refund. In cases where the supplier is unable to provide an alternative within three working days, we reserve the right to cancel your reservation and provide you with a full refund, without any other form of compensation.
