Retina Sample Clauses

Retina. Primary sources of vision loss are due to loss of: • Photoreceptors: age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and retinal detachment. • Retinal ganglion degeneration: glaucoma
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Retina. The retina displays the expression of mGluR6 that is not found anywhere else in the CNS. In the retina mGluR6 expression was limited to the outer plexiform layer. mGluR 4, 7, and 8 exhibited discrete, punctate immunolabeling that was found exclusively in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). mGluR4 immunostaining was most abundant in IPL sublamina 1, mGluR7 immunoreactivity was organized in four bands, corresponding to sublaminae 1-4, and mGluR8 was localized in two broad bands, one each in the OFF and ON layers of the IPL. Localization of mGluR8 selectively on the OFF cholinergic amacrine plexus and not on the ONcholinergic processes implies that this receptor could play a role in directional-selective processing of light stimuli (Quiraishi et al., 2007). Group-III mGluR immunolabeling showed little colocalization between the different subtypes and also did not co-express significantly with the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT1, localizing instead adjacent to bipolar cell ribbons (Quiraishi et al., 2007). The pattern of expression that group III mGluR exhibit in the retina indicates that they have of distinct functions in the retina: each receptor modulating a specific group of cells. In the case of mGluR8 the asymmetric distribution in the ON and OFF layers of the IPL suggests discrete mechanisms in modulation neurotransmission that results from the presence and absencof light (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2007). In fact , APB stimulation of group-III mGluRs was shown to depress OFF-bipolar cell output (Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx, 2001; Xxxxx et al., 2002).

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