Nicaragua. In 1992, assistance continued to be sought for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Nicara- gua, which were necessary for overcoming the af- termath of war and for the consolidation of peace and democracy already achieved in the country. The appeal for such assistance, from the interna- tional community and from international funding agencies, had its origins in the National Concilia- tion Agreement on Economic and Social Matters concluded in Nicaragua in 1990(42) (phase I) and 1991 (phase II), which the General Assembly wel- comed, supporting in particular the agreements regarding property rights and privatization in phase II of the Agreement. In resolution 47/118, the Assembly supported efforts by Nicaragua to consolidate peace. In reso- lution 47/169, it asked for continued support to that country to enable it to overcome the aftermath not only of war but also of recent natural disasters (see PART THREE, Chapter III), and to stimulate the process of reconstruction and development. It requested the Secretary-General to provide Nica- ragua with all possible assistance to support the consolidation of peace in such areas as the settle- ment of displaced and demobilized persons and refugees, rural land ownership and land tenure, direct care for war victims, mine clearance and the restoration of the country’s productive areas. Nicaragua-Honduras
Nicaragua. Xxxxx Ce´sar Xxxxxxx, Industrial Atunera de Nicaragua, Balboa Anco´n, Panama City, 0843– 02264, Panama, phone (507) 6997–5100, fax (507) 204–4651; e-mail: xxxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx.
Nicaragua. None of the Central American countries has in- dices comparable to the European countries most suited for a currency union with Germany, such as the Netherlands, Austria, and France. However, some Central American countries have levels of the indices that are comparable to those of the European countries that appeared less suited for EMU, such as Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain, in the 1980s and the 1990s. Considering the average of the in- dices among Central American countries and com- paring them with the average of the indices among Western European countries, excluding Germany, the analysis shows that Central America is less suited to forming a currency union than Europe was in the 1990s. However, depending on the regression used to calculate the indices, the comparison with Europe in the 1980s provides mixed results. CAFTA-DR and other regional initiatives are likely to make Central America relatively better suited for dollarization. The macroeconomic impact of CAFTA- DR was analyzed in Section II. The results presented in that section projected that trade and synchronicity in business cycles with the United States would in- crease significantly, thus potentially making the re- gion more suitable for dollarization.41 On the basis of Section II’s analysis and other assumptions (described in Box 5.3), the indices of the Central American coun- tries are projected to decline, thus making these coun- tries more suitable for dollarization (Table 5.A10). Nevertheless, on average, Central America would still remain less suitable for dollarization than the Euro- pean countries were for a currency union with Ger- many in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.42 The results presented here should be interpreted with caution. The approach used can provide insights from a long-term perspective but might have some limitations in its application to developing countries. This exercise assumes that the determinants of ex- change market pressure and exchange rate variability are the economic variables that have been considered 41Also, the variability of output in Central America is projected to decline, increasing the degree of co-movement with the United States. Dynamic effects of currency unions could also be consid- ered, but given the uncertainty in the applicability of the empiri- cal studies conducted so far for advanced economies to develop- ing countries, this is not done here. 42The averages presented in Table 5.A10 exclude Panama, as this country does not particip...
Nicaragua. Nicaragua has the System on Electronic Government Procurement (SISCAE for its acronym in Spanish) xxxx://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx/, which makes all the information related to government procurement performed by the procuring entities available to the public. Panama The official government procurement system of Panama allows all the procedures to be managed electronically. The official website is xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx.
Nicaragua. Buque PIR recno Fecha rev. Infracciones identificados NIC 1 2013-140 2013/10 1) 1 Viaje sin reflector de alta intensidad 0000-000 0000/10 1) 1 Viaje con capitán no incluido en la lista del APICD EL XXXXXXXX Xxxxx PIR recno Fecha rev. Infracciones identificados SLV 1 2012-689 2013/06 1) 1 Viaje sin paño de protección de delfines 2013/06 2) 1 Viaje sin balsa Acción tomada: 1), 2) Después xx xxxxx investigado, el gobierno concluyó que no
Nicaragua. (Reservation made at the time of signature) The Nicaraguan Delegation, on giving its approval to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogotá) wishes to record expressly that no provisions contained in the said Treaty may prejudice any position assumed by the Government of Nicaragua with respect to arbitral decisions the validity of which it has contested on the basis of the principles of international law, which clearly permit arbitral decisions to be attacked when they are adjudged to be null or invalidated. Consequently, the signature of the Nicaraguan Delegation to the Treaty in question cannot be alleged as an acceptance of any arbitral decisions that Nicaragua has contested and the validity of which is not certain. Hence the Nicaraguan Delegation reiterates the statement made on the 28th of the current month on approving the text of the above mentioned Treaty in Committee III. (Reservation made at the time of ratification) With the reservation made at the time of signature.
Nicaragua. 1. Xxxxxx Xxxxx, lawyer and retired judge in Bluefields on the Atlantic Coast, and law professor at Bluefields Indian and Caribbean University;
Nicaragua. There are no country-specific provisions. NIGERIA There are no country-specific provisions. PANAMA
Nicaragua. The number of trade unions has si- gnificantly increased and the Ministry of Labour does promote trade unions. Nevertheless, the violations against the freedom of association are not Columbia: violence against unionists and murders. getting less. Most violations of trade union rights are still taking place in the free export zones. Several teacher strikes took place and some strikes were declared illegal. Andean Pact (CAN) Bolivia Stoppages and strikes were taking place almost during all of 2007. Seve- ral trade union leaders were sacked, which led to direct action by their col- leagues. The increasing informalisation of work in the mines undermines the organisational work of the trade uni- ons. There are mines, where workers are not paid in cash but in kind, i.e. with parts of mine’s products, so that the miners use part of their working day to produce the amount of raw material which corresponds to their wage. Columbia With 39 murders in 2007, Columbia is still the world’s most dangerous coun- try for unionists. Although there were fewer murders, there was a trend to other forms of violence: the number of attempted murders has doubled; the number of violent evictions, illegal raids and indiscriminate arrests has increased, whilst the extent of threats remained constant. It has to be poin- xxx out that often family members are the target of murders and death th- reats, not only to obstruct the work by the trade unions but also as a means to reduce the number of registered as- xxxxxx on unionists. 76 % of violations of trade union rights were carried out on persons working for local authori- ties and in the services sector as well as in subsectors such as the education and health system. Although in the past three years, within the scope of a controversial government programme, 30,000 paramilitaries were „demo- bilised“ there is solid evidence for the fact that they continue to threaten, murder and kidnap unionists, some- times even with the approval of the security services. In spite of changes to the Justice and Peace Law, in the sco- pe of which the „Demobilisation“ was carried out, the worry continues that it will just extent the exemption from punishment.
Nicaragua. Nicaragua’s political and legal framework establishes the National System for Disaster Prevention, Migration, and Response (SINAPRED – Spanish acronym) as the lead agency for coordination of response to emergencies at the national level. SINAPRED coordinates closely with the MOH and has the command and control protocols, inter-institutional coordination and communications and public information management systems to do so. The command and control function is clearly established at all levels of the MOH and unified incident command has been tested through the numerous responses. Command and control staff has been identified at the national and local levels of the Ministry. Training is provided in a systematic way at the regional and local levels. Foreign humanitarian assistance is conducted in accordance to guidelines and procedures defined by the MOH. The documents regulate medical teams’ requirements, donations and regulation of medical devices. The EOC, which work through the Situation Room, is activated during emergencies and is linked to the epidemiological alert of national emergencies issued by SINAPRED. The MOH is responsible for activating the EOC during epidemiological emergencies. For other types of disasters, alerts and activation is initiated by SINAPRED. At the local level activities are coordinated by the SILAIS directors. Panama Panama has identified national and regional level command and control staff. At the regional level, the Regional Health Director and his deputy are in charge. Training in command and control are conducted at the regional level when requested and when SISED determines they are needed. A training plan is in place. Turnover of staff promotes frequent training. Responses are supported by rapid response teams organized at the central, regional, and local levels. Teams are composed of environmental health specialists, clinical laboratorians, food technicians, medical staff, epidemiologists, and veterinarians. Currently, the MOH does not have defined procedures to activate foreign disaster humanitarian assistance. Decisions are made at the Chancery of the Republic level. The MOH is working with PAHO to define activation procedures. Communication Infrastructure Quantitative results Table 6. Score for questions of the Communication Infrastructure element Element 3: Communication Infrastructure Rating BZ CR GT HN NI PA Note: BZ = Belize, CR = Costa Rica, GT = Guatemala, HN = Honduras, NI = Nicaragua, PA = Xxxxxx, 0 = does not ...
