{"component": "clause", "props": {"groups": [{"snippet": "(a) Investigators shall be free at any time to seek and accept funding for any research in the Field, from any state or federal agency, private or public foundation except foundations owned or operated by a commercial entity other than Palomar (\"Non-Profit Sponsored Study\"). In the event that during the term of this Agreement an Investigator makes an invention in the Field and in the performance of any Non-Profit Funded Study, General agrees to give Palomar prompt notice of said invention and to give Palomar an opportunity to negotiate an exclusive license under General's rights in said invention assigned to General by an Investigator, it being understood that General shall have no obligation to enter into such a license with Palomar.\n(b) In the event that an Investigator during the term of this Agreement or for six (6) months thereafter wishes to seek funding from any for profit entity for additional research in the Field (it being understood that for funding sought during the term of this Agreement or any extension hereof such additional research will be research other than that which is described in the study protocols appended hereto as Schedule A), said Investigator shall do so in accordance with this paragraph. The Investigator shall submit to Palomar a description of such additional research and a budget of the costs to be funded by Palomar and a schedule of payment of such costs. Unless the parties shall otherwise agree in writing, negotiations between them over any such proposal shall not extend beyond the sixtieth (60) day next following the date when the proposal shall have first been so made.\n(c) Whenever such negotiations shall end without agreement between the parties to proceed with the proposed research, the party proposing the additional research may go ahead without the other party and seek funding from any other sponsor including but not limited to a commercial sponsor for such proposal, so long as the subject matter of the proposal is not so closely related scientifically to the Study that sponsorship of such proposal by such other commercial sponsor (i) would in the opinion of General's Trustee's Committee on Technology Affairs after consultation with Palomar create a conflict of interest for General or any Investigator performing the Study or (ii) would conflict with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. It is understood that, in the event that General proceeds to seek support from such other commercial sponsor, for a period of one year after first offering said proposal to Palomar, General shall not enter into an agreement with a third party to fund such proposal upon more favorable financial terms than those offered to Palomar without first offering Palomar the more favorable terms.\n(d) When such proposal is accepted by the General and Palomar, it shall be appended hereto as an additional study protocol and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement unless otherwise specified, and the Study described therein shall commence and budgeted amounts shall be paid as set forth in the proposal. In the event that the parties reach agreement under this paragraph 2.4", "samples": [{"hash": "cN7ZD3AxJfd", "uri": "/contracts/cN7ZD3AxJfd#further-research", "label": "License Agreement (Palomar Medical Technologies Inc)", "score": 18.0, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "at-any-time", "type": "clause", "offset": [32, 43]}, {"key": "in-the-field", "type": "clause", "offset": [88, 100]}, {"key": "any-state", "type": "definition", "offset": [107, 116]}, {"key": "federal-agency", "type": "clause", "offset": [120, 134]}, {"key": "public-foundation", "type": "definition", "offset": [147, 164]}, {"key": "commercial-entity", "type": "definition", "offset": [207, 224]}, {"key": "in-the-event", "type": "clause", "offset": [276, 288]}, {"key": "during-the-term-of-this-agreement", "type": "clause", "offset": [294, 327]}, {"key": "in-the-performance", "type": "clause", "offset": [380, 398]}, {"key": "any-non", "type": "clause", "offset": [402, 409]}, {"key": "agrees-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [439, 448]}, {"key": "notice-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [469, 478]}, {"key": "opportunity-to-negotiate", "type": "clause", "offset": [517, 541]}, {"key": "exclusive-license", "type": "clause", "offset": [545, 562]}, {"key": "to-general", "type": "clause", "offset": [613, 623]}, {"key": "to-enter", "type": "definition", "offset": [702, 710]}, {"key": "agreement-or", "type": "definition", "offset": [807, 819]}, {"key": "for-profit", "type": "definition", "offset": [882, 892]}, {"key": "additional-research", "type": "definition", "offset": [904, 923]}, {"key": "for-funding", "type": "clause", "offset": [963, 974]}, {"key": "study-protocols", "type": "clause", "offset": [1124, 1139]}, {"key": "schedule-a", "type": "definition", "offset": [1159, 1169]}, {"key": "in-accordance-with", "type": "definition", "offset": [1202, 1220]}, {"key": "the-investigator", "type": "clause", "offset": [1237, 1253]}, {"key": "submit-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [1260, 1269]}, {"key": "description-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [1280, 1294]}, {"key": "budget-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [1326, 1335]}, {"key": "by-palomar", "type": "clause", "offset": [1359, 1369]}, {"key": "payment-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [1388, 1398]}, {"key": "the-parties-shall", "type": "clause", "offset": [1418, 1435]}, {"key": "in-writing", "type": "clause", "offset": [1452, 1462]}, {"key": "following-the", "type": "definition", "offset": [1564, 1577]}, {"key": "the-proposal", "type": "clause", "offset": [1588, 1600]}, {"key": "agreement-between-the-parties", "type": "clause", "offset": [1681, 1710]}, {"key": "proposed-research", "type": "clause", "offset": [1731, 1748]}, {"key": "the-party", "type": "clause", "offset": [1750, 1759]}, {"key": "other-party", "type": "definition", "offset": [1819, 1830]}, {"key": "other-sponsor", "type": "definition", "offset": [1857, 1870]}, {"key": "not-limited", "type": "clause", "offset": [1885, 1896]}, {"key": "subject-matter", "type": "definition", "offset": [1955, 1969]}, {"key": "closely-related", "type": "definition", "offset": [1996, 2011]}, {"key": "of-general", "type": "clause", "offset": [2132, 2142]}, {"key": "after-consultation-with", "type": "clause", "offset": [2187, 2210]}, {"key": "interest-for", "type": "definition", "offset": [2240, 2252]}, {"key": "terms-and-conditions-of-this-agreement", "type": "clause", "offset": [2334, 2372]}, {"key": "period-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [2490, 2499]}, {"key": "one-year", "type": "clause", "offset": [2500, 2508]}, {"key": "first-offering", "type": "clause", "offset": [2515, 2529]}, {"key": "an-agreement", "type": "clause", "offset": [2585, 2597]}, {"key": "a-third-party", "type": "clause", "offset": [2603, 2616]}, {"key": "to-fund", "type": "definition", "offset": [2617, 2624]}, {"key": "financial-terms", "type": "clause", "offset": [2659, 2674]}, {"key": "more-favorable-terms", "type": "definition", "offset": [2740, 2760]}, {"key": "accepted-by", "type": "clause", "offset": [2788, 2799]}, {"key": "the-general", "type": "clause", "offset": [2800, 2811]}, {"key": "additional-study", "type": "definition", "offset": [2859, 2875]}, {"key": "subject-to-the-terms", "type": "clause", "offset": [2898, 2918]}, {"key": "unless-otherwise-specified", "type": "clause", "offset": [2952, 2978]}, {"key": "budgeted-amounts", "type": "definition", "offset": [3031, 3047]}], "size": 3, "hash": "5ad2c429814aa7208ed8c4ec3dddfda6", "id": 1}, {"snippet": "Several paths for potential future research were identified after the review of the available publishing data. Developing a study to examine the \u201cwhy\u201d of author uptake and the motivations behind authors\u2019 choice of open access publication would allow us to better understand the demand and impact of this and other agreements. Specifically, a mixed methods study incorporating both quantitative analysis of author and publisher data alongside a qualitative component comprising focus groups and/or survey data would enrich and deepen our understanding. Further exploring author uptake and author choice by academic discipline would be very helpful, both as a contribution to the literature as well as for practical outreach and engagement at Ohio State. Given the publishing portfolio of \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 & \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, with wide and deep coverage in the humanities and social sciences, we could broaden our understanding of the impact of no-fee open access publishing on subject disciplines that tend not to have sizable grant funding. Interdisciplinarity is a focus of both \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 & \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and Ohio State researchers, so further analysis of the author data to more fully understand disciplinary use would be an enlightening endeavor. With the addition of new agreements since first starting one with \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 & \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, analyzing this pilot agreement alongside other pilot or initial read and publish agreements could aid in understanding the impact of these kinds of open access agreements at scale. How are funds maximized over time? Can we determine any formulas or rubrics that can aid in both high-level and specific assessment of read and publish agreements? During our pilot implementation and analysis, our realization grew that author payment models can be an equity challenge, with effects beyond our institution. Importantly then, how can we address, measure, and reckon with the equity challenges of open access agreements that rely on author-side payment models, and their global effect?", "samples": [{"hash": "7SgmIEWsczH", "uri": "/contracts/7SgmIEWsczH#further-research", "label": "Read and Publish Agreement", "score": 33.349281311, "published": true}, {"hash": "jrJA2EAo0zp", "uri": "/contracts/jrJA2EAo0zp#further-research", "label": "Read and Publish Agreement", "score": 26.175907135, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "future-research", "type": "clause", "offset": [28, 43]}, {"key": "review-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [70, 83]}, {"key": "open-access-publication", "type": "clause", "offset": [214, 237]}, {"key": "allow-us-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [244, 255]}, {"key": "other-agreements", "type": "clause", "offset": [308, 324]}, {"key": "quantitative-analysis", "type": "clause", "offset": [381, 402]}, {"key": "publisher-data", "type": "definition", "offset": [417, 431]}, {"key": "focus-groups", "type": "clause", "offset": [477, 489]}, {"key": "survey-data", "type": "clause", "offset": [497, 508]}, {"key": "a-contribution", "type": "clause", "offset": [656, 670]}, {"key": "outreach-and-engagement", "type": "definition", "offset": [714, 737]}, {"key": "social-sciences", "type": "clause", "offset": [855, 870]}, {"key": "open-access-publishing", "type": "clause", "offset": [931, 953]}, {"key": "grant-funding", "type": "clause", "offset": [1007, 1020]}, {"key": "further-analysis", "type": "clause", "offset": [1109, 1125]}, {"key": "the-author", "type": "definition", "offset": [1129, 1139]}, {"key": "new-agreements", "type": "definition", "offset": [1243, 1257]}, {"key": "starting-one", "type": "clause", "offset": [1270, 1282]}, {"key": "pilot-agreement", "type": "definition", "offset": [1321, 1336]}, {"key": "access-agreements", "type": "clause", "offset": [1459, 1476]}, {"key": "at-scale", "type": "definition", "offset": [1477, 1485]}, {"key": "over-time", "type": "clause", "offset": [1511, 1520]}, {"key": "specific-assessment", "type": "definition", "offset": [1599, 1618]}, {"key": "payment-models", "type": "clause", "offset": [1730, 1744]}], "size": 2, "hash": "b37e2b5cdf8bf0b937d12d3e289b9a23", "id": 2}, {"snippet": "This was a preliminary study that asked a simple question to assess Jewish membership and identity. It did not provide an in-depth analysis for the reasons why this separation of belonging and believing exists, nor was it concerned with other external variables. As part of a larger project, further research is currently being conducted looking at different modes of participation, as well as different feelings associated with membership. For example, self- esteem resulting from group membership is a variable that should be tested. This speaks to discussions concerning social identity theory (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 & \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, 1990; \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 & \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, 1986) \u2013 for example, the idea that \u201csocial identities do not exist in isolation, and religious identification might interact with other identities in unique ways to influence psychosocial functioning\u201d (Ysseldyk, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, & \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, 2010, p. 65). As such, self-esteem assessments of members", "samples": [{"hash": "kgueiWvPrPL", "uri": "/contracts/kgueiWvPrPL#further-research", "label": "Citation", "score": 24.3816680908, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "preliminary-study", "type": "definition", "offset": [11, 28]}, {"key": "being-conducted", "type": "definition", "offset": [322, 337]}, {"key": "associated-with", "type": "definition", "offset": [413, 428]}, {"key": "for-example", "type": "definition", "offset": [441, 452]}, {"key": "resulting-from", "type": "definition", "offset": [467, 481]}, {"key": "group-membership", "type": "definition", "offset": [482, 498]}, {"key": "in-isolation", "type": "definition", "offset": [703, 715]}, {"key": "of-members", "type": "clause", "offset": [916, 926]}], "size": 1, "hash": "2d49915d7e8eaf208ee8f377d37114bd", "id": 3}, {"snippet": "\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 may engage the QIMRB to conduct further research and development activities in connection with one or more Products. Any such engagement will be subject to commercial terms and conditions to be agreed between the Parties at the time of the engagement.", "samples": [{"hash": "5nhfsXUbz", "uri": "/contracts/5nhfsXUbz#further-research", "label": "License and Commercialisation Agreement (Kazia Therapeutics LTD)", "score": 34.8494182067, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "research-and-development-activities", "type": "definition", "offset": [46, 81]}, {"key": "in-connection-with", "type": "clause", "offset": [82, 100]}, {"key": "subject-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [151, 161]}, {"key": "conditions-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [183, 196]}, {"key": "agreed-between-the-parties", "type": "clause", "offset": [200, 226]}, {"key": "the-engagement", "type": "clause", "offset": [242, 256]}], "size": 1, "hash": "40f23084457c4fc37641c7e8268a2cde", "id": 4}, {"snippet": "None. No discussion of the location of residual patches within the burn matrix was undertaken by \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 et al. Andison (Quick Note #10) indicates that both islands (wholly located within the opening and matrix residuals (existing primarily within the opening but attached to the edge) are evident in boreal fires. Guideline # SBS/SBPS 5 Management Guideline Title: Fire remnants Type: Landscape Research Finding: Island remnants both wholly located within the opening as well as remnants existing primarily within the opening but attached to the edge are evident in boreal fires. Support: Moderately supported.", "samples": [{"hash": "7o7b5KGk4AJ", "uri": "/contracts/7o7b5KGk4AJ#further-research", "label": "Innovative Forest Practices Agreement (Ifpa)", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "no-discussion", "type": "clause", "offset": [6, 19]}, {"key": "location-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [27, 38]}], "size": 1, "hash": "7044727cae08c76f126100d3044a0eaa", "id": 5}, {"snippet": "\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 does not have a descriptive grammar. The few scholars who have worked on this language have a tackled some parts of the language, that is, some description of verbal derivation aspects and some phonology. There is need to have a comprehensive descriptive grammar and a detailed", "samples": [{"hash": "8LAZkRj6Yk9", "uri": "/contracts/8LAZkRj6Yk9#further-research", "label": "Not Applicable", "score": 22.3972320557, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "parts-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [117, 129]}, {"key": "description-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [154, 168]}], "size": 1, "hash": "028bdc4355b790589f332d2aa2f49edc", "id": 6}, {"snippet": "Research should be conducted to determine the proportions of climax structure \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-fir stands, and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-fir stands (includes pine leading stands some of which may have old attributes) as a subset of \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-fir stands. The Chilcotin variant of the IDF, the IDFdk4 is similar to the IDFdk3. It occurs exclusively on the west side of the Fraser River. Annual precipitation and annual temperature are slightly lower than the IDFdk3. Field observations indicate that the High pine stratum may be much more extensive in the IDFdk4 than it is in the IDFdk3. It is expected that historical fire regimes differ significantly from those found in the IDFdk3 (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 et al. 2002). The IDFxm exists below both the IDFdk3 and IDFdk4. It is assumed that it would most similar to the \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-fir Low stratum described by \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 et al (2002).", "samples": [{"hash": "7o7b5KGk4AJ", "uri": "/contracts/7o7b5KGk4AJ#further-research", "label": "Innovative Forest Practices Agreement (Ifpa)", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "determine-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [32, 45]}, {"key": "similar-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [289, 299]}, {"key": "west-side", "type": "clause", "offset": [341, 350]}, {"key": "fraser-river", "type": "clause", "offset": [358, 370]}, {"key": "field-observations", "type": "clause", "offset": [452, 470]}, {"key": "the-\u2587", "type": "clause", "offset": [788, 793]}], "size": 1, "hash": "69cf378a15062b42c053d1103fb00d8a", "id": 7}, {"snippet": "The comparison between male and female students has given quite inconclusive results. The difference in error frequency is small and could be due to the length and volume of the collected material. In a more controlled setting, or with the use of standardised tests, the variables would be fewer and the results more reliable. In a larger and more exhaustive study, the errors made by male and female students might constitute the foundation for a comparison between proficiency level, communicative competence and the teachers' assessment of the student. The differences between grades 7 and 8 are similarly difficult to discern since the texts differ so much in length and distribution. Another interesting and relevant topic for further research is how the learners' attitudes towards EFL learning and teaching affect the acquisition process. Interviews and surveys might be able to show that students who come in contact with English more in their daily lives, e.g. through online games or social media, are more inclined to learn English and therefore are more careful in producing accurate grammar. The socio-economic background of the students could be studied as well in order to find out whether the proficiency in English is affected by the learners' background, their parents occupation or what implications e.g. living in a larger urban area might have. The teachers themselves might also have some influence over how EFL learning is perceived by the students. If the teachers share the same attitudes towards grammar and if those attitudes spread to the students, it could alter the conditions for a learning environment at the school.", "samples": [{"hash": "5GvhQeNoom", "uri": "/contracts/5GvhQeNoom#further-research", "label": "Essay/Degree Project", "score": 23.2491436005, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "inconclusive-results", "type": "clause", "offset": [64, 84]}, {"key": "the-foundation", "type": "clause", "offset": [427, 441]}, {"key": "the-student", "type": "clause", "offset": [543, 554]}, {"key": "in-length", "type": "clause", "offset": [661, 670]}, {"key": "learning-and-teaching", "type": "clause", "offset": [792, 813]}, {"key": "acquisition-process", "type": "clause", "offset": [825, 844]}, {"key": "in-contact", "type": "definition", "offset": [914, 924]}, {"key": "social-media", "type": "definition", "offset": [994, 1006]}, {"key": "in-order-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [1176, 1187]}, {"key": "proficiency-in-english", "type": "clause", "offset": [1209, 1231]}, {"key": "affected-by", "type": "definition", "offset": [1235, 1246]}, {"key": "living-in", "type": "definition", "offset": [1324, 1333]}, {"key": "urban-area", "type": "definition", "offset": [1343, 1353]}, {"key": "conditions-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [1596, 1610]}, {"key": "learning-environment", "type": "clause", "offset": [1613, 1633]}, {"key": "the-school", "type": "clause", "offset": [1637, 1647]}], "size": 1, "hash": "29d549a996054b5e25bd2e8054d31be9", "id": 8}, {"snippet": "Effects of harvesting in \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-fir dominated Riparian Reserve Zones should be included with sub-boreal trials relating to studying the effects of harvesting/fire in RRZs. Small patches of mature pine structure should be given strong consideration for patch retention areas. Retention patches should also contain a range of regeneration species and characteristics if possible. Guideline #: IDF 10 Management Guideline Title: WTPs in Mixed stands. Type: Stand Research Finding: In these stands, the structural attributes most likely to be removed from the stand are those associated with pine patches. Support: Weakly Supported. Guideline: Aspen patches should be reserved wherever possible, in keeping with previous research regarding cavity nesting birds (\u2587. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587). Upland patch retention should consider including fire refugia characteristics. Small patches of mature pine structure should be given strong consideration for patch retention areas. Retention patches should also contain a range of regeneration species and characteristics if possible. Further Research: None.", "samples": [{"hash": "7o7b5KGk4AJ", "uri": "/contracts/7o7b5KGk4AJ#further-research", "label": "Innovative Forest Practices Agreement (Ifpa)", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet_links": [{"key": "in-\u2587", "type": "clause", "offset": [22, 26]}, {"key": "relating-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [112, 123]}, {"key": "retention-areas", "type": "clause", "offset": [259, 274]}, {"key": "associated-with", "type": "definition", "offset": [573, 588]}, {"key": "wherever-possible", "type": "clause", "offset": [674, 691]}, {"key": "previous-research", "type": "clause", "offset": [709, 726]}, {"key": "nesting-birds", "type": "clause", "offset": [744, 757]}], "size": 1, "hash": "148b340e2b333dd2ee999b185ab47130", "id": 9}, {"snippet": "My measurement of compliance is not perfect and some political scientists have measured compliance in other ways. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 (2002 as cited in \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 2005) concluded that the Helsinki Protocol had caused compliance based on the significant policy changes in ratifying countries. So perhaps quantifying climate related policy changes would be a good measure of compliance. Another, perhaps more convincing, method comes from \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 (1997 as cited in \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 2005) who used a spatial autoregressive model to determine that emission levels were indeed lower than what would have been expected if the Helsinki Protocol were absent. Helm and Sprinz (2000 as cited in \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 2005) also concluded the Helsinki Protocol to be effective. They went about this by reasoning from the counterfactual, as suggested by \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. First, they used experts to estimate levels of sulfur dioxide emission under complete compliance with the treaty and then under conditions of zero compliance with the treaty. They reasoned from the results that there was indeed a significant decrease in emissions due to the Helsinki Protocol. There are a few variables that I would have liked to have tested and could possibly improve my model the future. One such variable would be federalism. Countries with federalism spread the power of government over smaller decentralized units instead of a central authority. According to \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 this should make it more difficult to enact environmental rules because these smaller authorities are more limited in reach and power (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 1998). It is also possible that the smaller subregions have special interests that could be contrary to the country as a whole. For example, if one region was rich in coal and generated a lot of carbon emissions it is not difficult to conceive it not wanting to curb the use of this resource. And in a federalist system there might be a lack of adequate power to force that region to comply. Another variable also examined by \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 is how strict the punishments are for not following environmental laws. The US has some of the strictest laws of any of the countries I examined. Environmental violations in the US can result in not just fines but serious prison time. Fines can also be huge, for example Exxon was levied a 100 million dollar fine for the Exxon \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 spill and agreed in a civil settlement to pay 1.1 billion dollars to restore the damaged environment (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and Lord 1991 as cited in \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 1998). The UK, on the other hand, uses a different method. Instead of using strict laws and punishments the UK tries to be more cooperative and use mutual problem solving (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587). It would be worth investigating how these different approaches effect compliance. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2006. Diffusion Is No Illusion: Neighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy.\u201d Comparative Political Studies Vol. 39 Num. 4: 463-489. Dai, Xinyuan. 2005. \u201cWhy Comply? The Domestic Constituency Mechanism.\u201d \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2004. \u201cTiming is Everything: Elections and Trade Liberalization in the Postcommunist World.\u201d Comparative Political Studies 37 (May): 371-398. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2008. \u201cEnvironmental Policy Convergence: The Impact of International Harmonization, Transnational Communication, and Regulatory Competition.\u201d International Organization 62 (Fall): 553-587. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report, 2007, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587/index.htm \u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2001. \u201cCommitment Compliance in G-7 Summit Macroeconomic Policy Coordination.\u201d Political Research Quarterly 54, 2 (June): 335-378. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587. and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2005. \u201cAssessing the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements: The Case of the 1985 Helsinki Protocol.\u201d American Journal of Political Science 49 (January): 86-102. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587. 1998. \"Compliance with International Agreements.\" The Annual Review of Political Science 1: 75-93. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587. 2000. \"International Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs.\" American Political Science Review Vol. 94, Number 4 (December): 819-835. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2000. \"Money and the Law: Why Comply with the Public International Law of Money?\" Yale Journal of International Law 25, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 323-362. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 1991. \u201cDemocracy and Foreign Policy: Community and Constraint.\u201d The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 35, No. 2 (June 1991): 358-381. United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its First Session, Held at Berlin from 28 March to 7 April 1995, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/cop4/resource/docs/cop1/07.htm United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Third Session, Held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/resource/docs/cop3/07a01.pdf United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Helsinki Protocol, 1985, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/env/lrtap/sulf_h1.htm United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/env/lrtap/lrtap_h1.htm United Nations Environment Programme, The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/Publications/MP_Handbook/Section_1.1_The_Montreal_Protoc United Nations Environment Programme, Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 1972, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentID=97 United States Environmental Protection Agency, Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act, 2010, 74 FR 66496, link from \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/climatechange/index.html \u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. 2005. \u201cDo Treaties Constrain or Screen? 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