EXPERIMENT 3: COLLECTIVE ATTRACTORS Sample Clauses

EXPERIMENT 3: COLLECTIVE ATTRACTORS. If the psycholinguistic mechanisms of subject-verb number agreement are identical in British and American English, and if the construals of notional number for collectives are the same, the remaining hypothesis (hypothesis 3) has to do with differences in lexical specification. British speakers may be more likely than Americans to specify collective words as plurals in the mental lexicon. More precisely, there may be more grammatically plural collectives in British than in American English. So, very few collectives are reliably specified as plurals in standard American (people, cattle, and police may be the complete set); most other collectives are singular andunspecifiedfor number. In British English, a larger minority of collec- tives may be conventionally plural, and therefore grammatically plural in the mental lexicons of speakers. A British speaker may use a plural verb after the word staff regardless of whether the speaker views the staff as an aggregation, simply because the word staff is plural (see Xxxxxx 1979:n. 3 for a similar suggestion). Because there is considerable variation over speakers as well as across collective and corporate nouns in the use of plural verb agreement in collective-noun contexts, a further consideration is that differences in experience with different collectives create individual differences in lexical specifications. Unlike morphologically alternating singulars andplurals, col- lectives carry no overt flag to number, suggesting that variable number specifications have to be learnedon a case-by-case basis, or categorizedby analogy to other collectives. To test the hypothesis that the number specifications of collectives differ between the dialects, in experiment 3 we examined attraction to collective, individual singular, and individual plural attractors. Recall that only grammatical number, the lexical specifi- cation of number, appears to attract verb or pronoun number. Previous work has shown that for American speakers, attraction does not occur with the same collectives that reliably elicit plural verb and pronoun agreement (Xxxx et al. 2004). Invariant plurals that differ in rated notional number (compare the notionally singular scissors and the notionally plural suds; Xxxx et al. 2001) both yield significant amounts of attraction that do not differ in magnitude. In short, there is little evidence for attraction to notional number. If collectives are more likely to be specified as grammatically plural in British th...
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