{"component": "clause", "props": {"groups": [{"snippet": "major This factor is from Table 1 and 2 of the Enforcement Policy and is based on a deviation from requirements of major. On the days of discharge, the SSOs rendered the Prohibition ineffective in its essential functions because the Prohibition would have been effective only if no SSO had occurred. Adjustment for High Volume Discharges $10/day No adjustment The Enforcement Policy allows for a maximum per gallon liability of $2, rather than $10, for high volume discharges such as can occur for sewage spills. However, the largest of the 46 SSOs was 65,055 gallons. This is not considered a \u201chigh volume discharge.\u201d Therefore, a maximum per gallon liability of $10 is appropriate. Initial Liability $669,900 The initial liability is determined by adding each liability for all 46 SSOs: Each SSO liability = Per gallon factor, multiplied by (SSO gallons discharged to surface water minus 1,000 gallons) plus Per day factor, multiplied by the maximum per day amount of liability allowed ($10,000), multiplied by the number of days of SSO duration. Culpability 1.0 For the 39 capacity-related SSOs, the Discharger\u2019s culpability is neutral. A higher culpability would be appropriate because the Discharger had deferred necessary upgrades it had earlier identified in its collection system to eliminate the capacity-related SSOs. However, the deferrals were made in order to construct water recycling projects and a treatment plant upgrade for biosolids handling to maintain high quality effluent for recycling. The recycle water projects included a storage reservoir and the Napa Sonoma Salt March reclaimed water pipeline. The recycled water projects offset both potable and groundwater use in the Napa/Sonoma Valley region during the current drought. PENALTY FACTOR VALUE DISCUSSION 1.0 For the seven blockage-related SSOs, the Discharger is culpable because it is responsible for the maintenance and operation of its collection system pipelines. However, the SSOs were not caused by intentional or negligent behavior. Cleanup and Cooperation 1.0 0.95 For the 39 capacity-related SSOs, this factor is neutral. The Discharger was reasonably cooperative during investigations. For the seven blockage-related SSOs, the Discharger recovered 27 percent (1,029 gallons) of the total discharged volume (3,755 gallons). The recovered sewage demonstrates the Discharger\u2019s effort to mitigate the volume discharged to surface water. History of Violations 1.1 The Discharger has a history of SSO violations. For SSOs occurring between January 31, 2007, and January 31, 2010, the Regional Water Board issued an administrative civil liability complaint on July 15, 2010, (2010 ACLC) and entered a Settlement Agreement on March 25, 2011 (Order R2-2011-0021) for $383,000. The causes of the SSOs cited in the 2010 ACLC are similar to the causes of SSOs cited in this ACLC. Total Base Liability $736,312 Each applicable factor, relating to the Discharger\u2019s conduct, is multiplied by the initial liability amount for each SSO violation to determine the Total Base Liability Amount. Ability to Pay and Continue in Business No adjust- ment The Discharger has an annual operating budget of $14 million for fiscal year 2014-2015. The proposed liability will not affect the Discharger\u2019s ability to continue its operation and maintenance of its collection system and treatment plant. Economic Benefit $540,000 The capacity-related SSOs may have been avoided had the Discharger invested $6.15 (M) in 2010 to construct the identified upgrades. According to the Discharger\u2019s plans, these upgrades would have eliminated those capacity-related SSOs and would have been completed in 2013. During this time, the Discharger moved ahead on construction of water reclamation projects so that those projects would qualify for available $4.5 million in federal grants. The State Water Board Recycle Water Policy (adopted on February 3, 2009, Resolution No. 2009-0011) had mandated an increase in recycle water use as a means towards achieving sustainable local water supplies and reducing greenhouse gases which are a significant driver of climate change. Therefore, partial credit for these projects was factored into the economic benefit. Based on the above, the calculated economic benefit using U.S. EPA\u2019s Ben model is $540,000. CWEA certification Decrease $7,000 The Discharger is credited for having 7 of its 8 collection system staff with CWEA certification. CWEA certification is not a State requirement, and is an indication of commitment by a discharger to proper collection system operation. The basic standard of CWEA certification is that all certificate holders have, and continue to perform at a level of basic competence that enables them to perform the essential duties of their job safely, effectively, without close supervision and without further training. Maximum Liability $4.47 million Water Code section 13385 allows up to $10,000 for each day in which the violation occurs; and $10 for each gallon exceeding 1,000 gallons that is discharged and not cleaned up. The maximum liability is based on 46 SSOs totaling 424,624 gallons discharge to surface water involving 58 days of violation. Final Liability $732,300 The final liability amount is the total base liability after adjusting for ability to pay, economic benefit, other factors, and maximum and minimum liabilities, and rounded to nearest hundred. Table 1 \u2013 Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District reported SSOs in CIWQS from August 1, 2010, through January 31, 2015 Start Date End Date Spill Location Gallons Discharged Gallons Recovered Gallons Reached Surface Water Final Spill Destination Impacted Surface Water Cause1 Maximum Penalty (if CWC \u00a713385) Same SSO Location cited in 2011 ACLO3 12/15/2014 12/15/2014 Meadowbrook Trailer Park 200 0 200 Surface Water Agua Caliente Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $10,000 Yes 12/11/2014 12/12/2014 4th Street W./ Andrieux St. 3570 0 3570 Surface Water Fryer Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $45,700 No 12/11/2014 12/12/2014 4th Street W./ \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 St. 3375 0 3375 Surface Water Fryer Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $43,750 No 12/11/2014 12/11/2014 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587. 2750 0 2750 Surface Water Sonoma Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $27,500 No 12/11/2014 12/12/2014 4th Street E./ E Spain St. 12825 0 12825 Surface Water \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $138,250 Yes 12/11/2014 12/11/2014 Vailetti/ Casabella 22375 0 22375 Surface Water Sonoma Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $223,750 No 12/11/2014 12/12/2014 Rancho Mobile Homes \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Surface Water Sonoma Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $660,550 Yes 12/11/2014 12/12/2014 18715 Sonoma Hwy. 35910 0 35910 Surface Water Agua Caliente Creek Rainfall Exceeded Design, I and I (Separate CS only) $369,100 Yes 12/3/2014 12/3/2014 18880 Hwy 12 600 0 600 Surface Water Agua Caliente Creek to Sonoma Creek Flow Exceeded Capacity $10,000 Yes 4/29/2014 4/29/2014 \u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 West 1500 500 1000 Separate Storm Drain Fryer Creek Grease Deposition (FOG) $10,000 No 2/9/2014 2/9/2014 Rancho Vista Mobile Home Park \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Surface Water Pequeno Creek to Sonoma Creek Flow Exceeded Capacity $74,200 Yes 2/8/2014 2/9/2014 Rancho Vista Mobile Home Park \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Surface Water Pequeno Creek to Sonoma Creek Flow Exceeded Capacity $404,000 Yes 2/8/2014 2/8/2014 E. Spain St. & 4th St. East 3000 0 3000 Surface Water \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Creek Flow Exceeded Capacity $30,000 Yes 2/8/2014 2/10/2014 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 0 56250 Surface Water Agua Caliente Creek Flow Exceeded Capacity $582,500 No 8/28/2013 8/28/2013 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Ct. 550 25 525 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Creek Pipe structural problem/failure $10,000 No 1/6/2013 1/6/2013 781 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 St 200 0 200 Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Root intrusion $10,000 No 12/23/2012 12/23/2012 17324 Sonoma Hwy 18000 0 18000 Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Severe storm causing flooding and I&I $180,000 Yes 12/23/2012 12/23/2012 18715 Sonoma Hwy 9000 0 9000 Surface water Other - Severe storm causing flooding and I&I $90,000 No 12/23/2012 12/23/2012 712 Oman Springs 88 0 88 Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Severe storm causing flooding and I&I $10,000 No 12/23/2012 12/23/2012 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587. 8550 0 8550 Surface water Sonoma creek Other \u2013 Severe storm causing flooding and I&I $85,500 No 12/23/2012 12/23/2012 18881 Sonoma Hwy Meadowbrook 2275 0 2275 Surface water Agua Caliente creek Other \u2013 Severe storm causing flooding and I&I $22,750 No 12/23/2012 12/23/2012 17450 Vailetti Dr. 1650 0 1650 Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Severe storm causing flooding and I&I $16,500 Yes Start Date End Date Spill Location Gallons Discharged Gallons Recovered Gallons Reached Surface Water Final Spill Destination Impacted Surface Water Cause1 Maximum Penalty (if CWC \u00a713385) Same SSO Location cited in 2011 ACLO3 12/13/2012 12/13/2012 18764 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Dr. 80 0 80 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Verano Creek Other \u2013 Contractor hit main when new light pole was installed, Pipe full of gravel, also signs of grease, rags $10,000 No 12/2/2012 12/2/2012 17324 Sonoma Hwy 12750 0 12750 Separate storm drain; Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Due to flooding and I&I, system overwhelmed, exceeded flow capacity $127,500 Yes 12/2/2012 12/2/2012 17397 Vailetti 630 0 650 Separate storm drain; Surface water Sonoma creek Other \u2013 Due to flooding and I&I, system overwhelmed, exceeded flow capacity $10,000 No 11/30/2012 11/30/2012 Sonoma Hwy 17324 45075 0 45075 Separate storm drain; Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Due to flooding and I&I, system overwhelmed, exceeded flow capacity $450,750 Yes 11/30/2012 11/30/2012 17397 Vailetti 9262 0 9262 Separate storm drain; Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Due to flooding and I&I, system overwhelmed, exceeded flow capacity $92,620 No 6/11/2012 6/11/2012 300 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Street 5 4 1 Separate storm drain Fryer Creek Debris-Rags $10,000 No 1/20/2012 1/20/2012 Meadowbrook-18881 Sonoma Hwy, Sonoma 30 0 30 Surface water Agua Caliente creek Flow exceeded capacity $10,000 No 12/10/2011 12/10/2011 692 Cherry Ave 1200 500 600 Other (specify below) \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 creek Grease deposition (FOG) $10,000 No 10/28/2011 10/28/2011 18878 Railroad Ave 220 0 220 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter Verano Creek Grease deposition (FOG) $10,000 No 3/26/2011 3/26/2011 37 Meadowbrook 525 0 \u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/curb and gutter; Surface water; Unpaved surface Agua Caliente Creek Other \u2013 Heavy rains causing flooding and I&I, overwhelming system $10,000 No 3/26/2011 3/26/2011 712 OMAN SPRINGS Ct \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Rainfall exceeded design $18,000 No 3/24/2011 3/24/2011 712 Oman Springs Ct 805 0 805 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Other \u2013 Heavy rains causing flooding and I&I, overwhelming system $10,000 No 3/20/2011 3/20/2011 21774 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587 2250 0 2250 Surface water; Unpaved surface \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Creek Rainfall exceeded design $22,500 No 3/20/2011 3/20/2011 712 Oman Spring Ct 4575 0 4575 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Flow exceeded capacity $45,750 No 12/29/2010 12/29/2010 21694 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587 Easement 1000 0 1000 Surface water; Unpaved surface \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Creek (potentially) Rainfall exceeded design $10,000 No 12/29/2010 12/29/2010 598 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 500 0 500 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Rainfall exceeded design $10,000 Yes 12/29/2010 12/29/2010 17324 Sonoma Hwy 17875 0 17875 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Rainfall exceeded design $178,750 Yes 12/29/2010 12/29/2010 18715 Sonoma Hwy 2248 0 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/curb and gutter; Surface water Agua Caliente Creek Rainfall exceeded design $22,480 No 12/28/2010 12/29/2010 100 Vailetti Dr. 5560 0 5560 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water Sonoma Creek Rainfall exceeded design $65,600 Yes 12/28/2010 12/29/2010 4th St East/ East Spain St. 3150 0 3150 Separate storm drain; Street/curb and gutter; Surface water \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Creek Rainfall exceeded design $41,500 Yes 12/20/2010 12/20/2010 Meadowbrook Trailer Park 2400 0 2400 Surface water Agua Caliente Creek Other \u2013 Surcharged pipe caused backup into private lateral $24,000 No 1 The 39 capacity-related SSOs are those SSOs with a cause attributable to the following: Flow exceeded capacity; Other \u2013 Severe storm causing flooding and I&I; Other \u2013 Due to flooding and I&I, system overwhelmed; Other \u2013 Heavy rains causing flooding, overwhelming system; Rainfall exceeded design. Also, the six blockage-related SSOs are shaded in gray. 2 Administrative Civil Liability Order R2-2011-0021 Located at \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587., \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 NPDES PERMIT No. CA0037800 (Order R2-2014-0020)", "samples": [{"hash": "5SI6eFCFDih", "uri": "/contracts/5SI6eFCFDih#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 27.3390373502, "published": true}, {"hash": "7trQFzbc1ff", "uri": "/contracts/7trQFzbc1ff#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 22.378927295, "published": true}, {"hash": "aHVnRH21zXJ", "uri": "/contracts/aHVnRH21zXJ#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 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{"key": "mobile-home-park", "type": "definition", "offset": [7236, 7252]}, {"key": "curb-and-gutter", "type": "clause", "offset": [7813, 7828]}, {"key": "light-pole", "type": "definition", "offset": [9225, 9235]}, {"key": "private-lateral", "type": "definition", "offset": [12473, 12488]}, {"key": "liability-order", "type": "definition", "offset": [12878, 12893]}, {"key": "npdes-permit-no", "type": "clause", "offset": [12966, 12981]}], "hash": "638cecbfb1d1d1fcc908f9ce55a6c21f", "id": 1}, {"snippet": "Major The Enforcement Policy defines a Major Deviation from Requirement as \u201cThe requirement was rendered ineffective (e.g., the requirement was rendered ineffective in its essential functions).\u201d The Discharger allowed the disposal of concrete waste on impervious and pervious Site surfaces, thereby rending the requirement ineffective in its essential function. Therefore, the Deviation from Requirement for these violations is characterized as Major.", "samples": [{"hash": "7b8gH2dlWkB", "uri": "/contracts/7b8gH2dlWkB#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 27.4950673023, "published": true}], "size": 3, "snippet_links": [{"key": "enforcement-policy", "type": "definition", "offset": [10, 28]}, {"key": "major-deviation", "type": "definition", "offset": [39, 54]}, {"key": "the-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [76, 91]}, {"key": "essential-functions", "type": "definition", "offset": [172, 191]}, {"key": "disposal-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [222, 233]}], "hash": "fcaffe645944f11f2d9102ae92eb92e3", "id": 2}, {"snippet": "major The alleged discharge of milk and propylene glycol was an unauthorized discharge prohibited by the General Permit. It did not coincide with rain and was not a stormwater discharge. The essential function of the General Permit prohibition was rendered ineffective. Adjustment for High Volume Discharges None There is no adjustment for high volume discharge. Adjustment for Multiple Day Violations None There is no adjustment for multiple days of violations. Initial Liability $30,800 The initial liability is calculated as follows: per-day factor (0.22), multiplied by the maximum per-day amount of liability allowed ($10,000), multiplied by the number of days of violation (14). Days of violation are assessed for November 5 and November 7 through 19. This assessment is based only on days of violation, not discharge volume, due to SSI's spill recovery and cleanup efforts. Culpability 1.3 SSI did not follow internal practice to keep storm drain valves closed until a predicted storm and only open the valves if the storm drain is empty or pumped out. The valves were open on or prior to November 5 and again on November 7 when storms were not forecasted and milk allegedly discharged from the storm drain system into \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Canyon Creek.", "samples": [{"hash": "34b2Br98JNv", "uri": "/contracts/34b2Br98JNv#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 25.1354564482, "published": true}, {"hash": "2EbqRU5oxrn", "uri": "/contracts/2EbqRU5oxrn#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 24.9731781466, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "unauthorized-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [64, 86]}, {"key": "general-permit", "type": "definition", "offset": [105, 119]}, {"key": "stormwater-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [165, 185]}, {"key": "essential-function", "type": "definition", "offset": [191, 209]}, {"key": "adjustment-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [270, 284]}, {"key": "no-adjustment", "type": "clause", "offset": [322, 335]}, {"key": "high-volume-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [340, 361]}, {"key": "multiple-day-violations", "type": "clause", "offset": [378, 401]}, {"key": "day-factor", "type": "definition", "offset": [541, 551]}, {"key": "amount-of-liability", "type": "clause", "offset": [594, 613]}, {"key": "days-of-violation", "type": "clause", "offset": [661, 678]}, {"key": "discharge-volume", "type": "definition", "offset": [814, 830]}, {"key": "prior-to-november", "type": "clause", "offset": [1087, 1104]}, {"key": "on-november", "type": "clause", "offset": [1117, 1128]}, {"key": "storm-drain-system", "type": "definition", "offset": [1202, 1220]}], "hash": "1bccc6b052454eed3a9d1a4520b33692", "id": 3}, {"snippet": "Major This factor reflects the extent the alleged violation deviated from the specific requirement at issue, and is expressed as either minor, moderate, or major. A factor of \u201cmajor\u201d is assigned when the requirement has been rendered ineffective (e.g., the requirement was rendered ineffective in its essential functions). Here, the \u201cdeviation from requirement\u201d is considered major because the discharge was not authorized by the Permit and was not discovered for 29 days. A more specific description of the cause of the discharge and the delay in discovery is described in the factor analysis for Alleged Violation 2, below (see also Lehigh\u2019s 5-Day Report). The individual NPDES permit for this facility limits the types of discharge and discharge locations. In comparing these directives with the discharge at issue, a \u201cmajor\u201d deviation is appropriate. Utilizing the table in the Enforcement Policy (p. 15), a per-day factor of 0.41 was applied.", "samples": [{"hash": "blnZIFB6G6B", "uri": "/contracts/blnZIFB6G6B#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 34.5965047706, "published": true}, {"hash": "jhZvoB4C38u", "uri": "/contracts/jhZvoB4C38u#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 34.4596996917, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "alleged-violation", "type": "definition", "offset": [42, 59]}, {"key": "specific-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [78, 98]}, {"key": "the-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [200, 215]}, {"key": "essential-functions", "type": "definition", "offset": [301, 320]}, {"key": "authorized-by", "type": "definition", "offset": [412, 425]}, {"key": "the-permit", "type": "clause", "offset": [426, 436]}, {"key": "description-of-the", "type": "definition", "offset": [489, 507]}, {"key": "the-factor", "type": "definition", "offset": [574, 584]}, {"key": "violation-2", "type": "definition", "offset": [606, 617]}, {"key": "individual-npdes-permit", "type": "definition", "offset": [663, 686]}, {"key": "facility-limits", "type": "definition", "offset": [696, 711]}, {"key": "types-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [716, 724]}, {"key": "and-discharge", "type": "clause", "offset": [735, 748]}, {"key": "enforcement-policy", "type": "definition", "offset": [882, 900]}, {"key": "day-factor", "type": "definition", "offset": [916, 926]}], "hash": "332ebf6aafb21e6cf2d4e2188348d43b", "id": 4}, {"snippet": "major The deviation from the Permit requirement was major because the Permit prohibited the discharge. The Discharger is only authorized to discharge advanced, secondary-treated municipal wastewater directly into \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Channel, a tributary of South San Francisco Bay. The Permit (section III.A) prohibits discharge at any other location. Discharge to the FWS Channel rendered the Permit requirement ineffective in its essential functions. The per-gallon and per-day factors come from Enforcement Policy Tables 1 and 2, and are based on the sum of the toxicity, harm, and PENALTY FACTOR SCORE DISCUSSION susceptibility factors above (5) and the \u201cmajor\u201d deviation from requirement. High Volume Discharge Adjustment $3.50/ gallon A per-gallon liability of $3.50, rather than the maximum of $10, is appropriate because the discharge volume was over 100,000 gallons and this assessment would not result in an inappropriately small penalty. Using $3.50 per gallon to calculate the initial liability discounts much of the penalty for the discharge volume above 100,000 gallons. Using $3.50 per gallon results in a suitable deterrent and bears a reasonable relationship to the gravity of the violation. Days of Violation 1 The discharge occurred on one day: July 29, 2020. Facility staff discovered the discharge while performing an inspection at 6:15 p.m. that evening. Staff observed an unusual upwelling in the FWS Channel at a location aligned with the Facility\u2019s secondary effluent pipeline and shut off flow to the pipeline by turning off the oxidation pond effluent pumps. The upwelling in the FWS Channel decreased. Further testing on July 30, 2020, confirmed that the secondary effluent pipeline was the source of the discharge. Initial Liability $154,600 (rounded) The initial liability is calculated as follows: per-gallon factor multiplied by gallons discharged to surface water (minus 1,000 gallons) multiplied by maximum per-gallon liability (as adjusted above), plus per-day factor multiplied by maximum per-day liability ($10,000) multiplied by number of days of discharge. Initial Liability: $154,600 = (0.15 x 291,600 gal x $3.50/gal) + (0.15 x $10,000/day x 1 day) Culpability 1.0 A neutral culpability factor is appropriate because the Discharger took prudent steps to rehabilitate the Facility to address aging infrastructure, including plans to upgrade the secondary effluent pipeline within the expected lifecycle of the pipe. History of Violations 1.1 A 10 percent increase is appropriate because the Discharger has a history of effluent limit violations. The Discharger violated effluent limits set forth in Order No. R2-2014-0035 (effective November 2014 through March 2020) for nickel (once) and chlorine (twice). Prior to that, the Discharger violated effluent limits set forth in Order No. R2-2009-0061 (effective October 2009 through October 2014) for chlorine five times.", "samples": [{"hash": "c9jVr2GFwW1", "uri": "/contracts/c9jVr2GFwW1#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 28.1410860512, "published": true}, {"hash": "gzw9hO2loGy", "uri": "/contracts/gzw9hO2loGy#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 27.9119710424, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "permit-requirement", "type": "definition", "offset": [29, 47]}, {"key": "municipal-wastewater", "type": "definition", "offset": [178, 198]}, {"key": "san-francisco-bay", "type": "definition", "offset": [251, 268]}, {"key": "essential-functions", "type": "definition", "offset": [420, 439]}, {"key": "enforcement-policy", "type": "definition", "offset": [486, 504]}, {"key": "based-on", "type": "clause", "offset": [529, 537]}, {"key": "sum-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [542, 548]}, {"key": "penalty-factor", "type": "definition", "offset": [573, 587]}, {"key": "high-volume-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [682, 703]}, {"key": "liability-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [742, 754]}, {"key": "discharge-volume", "type": "definition", "offset": [821, 837]}, {"key": "calculate-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [963, 976]}, {"key": "reasonable-relationship", "type": "definition", "offset": [1140, 1163]}, {"key": "violation-1", "type": "definition", "offset": [1205, 1216]}, {"key": "facility-staff", "type": "definition", "offset": [1267, 1281]}, {"key": "the-facility", "type": "definition", "offset": [1447, 1459]}, {"key": "secondary-effluent", "type": "definition", "offset": [1462, 1480]}, {"key": "shut-off", "type": "definition", "offset": [1494, 1502]}, {"key": "source-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [1707, 1716]}, {"key": "surface-water", "type": "definition", "offset": [1871, 1884]}, {"key": "as-adjusted", "type": "definition", "offset": [1951, 1962]}, {"key": "day-factor", "type": "definition", "offset": [1980, 1990]}, {"key": "number-of-days", "type": "definition", "offset": [2055, 2069]}, {"key": "history-of-violations", "type": "clause", "offset": [2444, 2465]}, {"key": "effluent-limit", "type": "definition", "offset": [2547, 2561]}, {"key": "order-no", "type": "definition", "offset": [2627, 2635]}, {"key": "november-2014", "type": "clause", "offset": [2661, 2674]}, {"key": "march-2020", "type": "clause", "offset": [2683, 2693]}, {"key": "prior-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [2735, 2743]}, {"key": "effective-october", "type": "clause", "offset": [2827, 2844]}], "hash": "86456adddd5dffbeb88ad09048ddc3e2", "id": 5}, {"snippet": "An unplanned discharge from the ECA replaced main should be considered a minor deviation from a regulatory requirement because the purpose of the ECA is to reduce the likelihood of such discharge.", "samples": [{"hash": "PsE7u7TqkD", "uri": "/contracts/PsE7u7TqkD#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 23.4355511809, "published": true}, {"hash": "2xCirXNeDIX", "uri": "/contracts/2xCirXNeDIX#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability", "score": 23.4355511809, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "minor-deviation", "type": "definition", "offset": [73, 88]}, {"key": "regulatory-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [96, 118]}, {"key": "purpose-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [131, 145]}], "hash": "c5bcd36c696f2b904b4f130997253d4d", "id": 6}, {"snippet": "major The violations were a major deviation from the Permit\u2019s effluent limitations. Effluent analysis results, received after the discharge, indicated that the treatment system used to treat contaminated groundwater prior to discharge was insufficient to be protective of receiving waters. The Discharger should have held effluent onsite until sampling results were available. The Discharger disregarded the regulatory program by discharging insufficiently treated groundwater to Ravenswood Slough without first receiving results of effluent sample analysis. Adjustment for High Volume Discharges $3/day A per-gallon liability of $3, rather than the maximum of $10, is appropriate because the discharge volume was over 100,000 gallons and this assessment would not result in an inappropriately small penalty. Using $3 per gallon results in a suitable deterrent and bears a reasonable relationship to the gravity of the violation. Days of Violation 8 According to the Discharger\u2019s Self-Monitoring Report for the period of January 1, 2021, through June 30, 2021, the discharge occurred from January 6 through 13, 2021, a period of 8 days. Initial Liability $100,000 The initial liability is calculated as follows: per-gallon factor multiplied by gallons discharged to surface water (minus 1,000 gallons) multiplied by maximum per-gallon liability (as adjusted above), plus per-day factor multiplied by maximum per-day liability ($10,000) multiplied by number of days of discharge. Pursuant to the Enforcement Policy, the per-gallon and per-day factors are both 0.08. Initial Liability: $100,000 = (0.08 x 390,000 gal x $3/gal) + (0.08 x $10,000/day x 8 days)", "samples": [{"hash": "5gCJzDFHLxb", "uri": "/contracts/5gCJzDFHLxb#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 30.1968491039, "published": true}, {"hash": "3gfTFyHGzus", "uri": "/contracts/3gfTFyHGzus#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 29.9083856465, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-violations", "type": "clause", "offset": [6, 20]}, {"key": "major-deviation", "type": "definition", "offset": [28, 43]}, {"key": "the-permit", "type": "clause", "offset": [49, 59]}, {"key": "effluent-limitations", "type": "definition", "offset": [62, 82]}, {"key": "treatment-system", "type": "definition", "offset": [160, 176]}, {"key": "contaminated-groundwater", "type": "definition", "offset": [191, 215]}, {"key": "prior-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [216, 224]}, {"key": "receiving-waters", "type": "definition", "offset": [272, 288]}, {"key": "regulatory-program", "type": "definition", "offset": [408, 426]}, {"key": "sample-analysis", "type": "clause", "offset": [542, 557]}, {"key": "adjustment-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [559, 573]}, {"key": "high-volume", "type": "clause", "offset": [574, 585]}, {"key": "liability-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [617, 629]}, {"key": "discharge-volume", "type": "definition", "offset": [693, 709]}, {"key": "reasonable-relationship", "type": "definition", "offset": [873, 896]}, {"key": "violation-8", "type": "clause", "offset": [938, 949]}, {"key": "according-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [950, 962]}, {"key": "monitoring-report", "type": "definition", "offset": [985, 1002]}, {"key": "period-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [1011, 1020]}, {"key": "surface-water", "type": "definition", "offset": [1266, 1279]}, {"key": "as-adjusted", "type": "definition", "offset": [1346, 1357]}, {"key": "day-factor", "type": "definition", "offset": [1375, 1385]}, {"key": "number-of-days", "type": "definition", "offset": [1450, 1464]}, {"key": "pursuant-to-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [1479, 1494]}, {"key": "enforcement-policy", "type": "definition", "offset": [1495, 1513]}], "hash": "19616a29990925e8334f8a617cd576ef", "id": 7}, {"snippet": "major A major deviation from requirement occurs when the requirement has been rendered ineffective (e.g., a discharger disregards the requirement or the requirement is rendered ineffective in its essential functions). Discharge Prohibition III.F of the 2007 Order prohibited discharge of untreated sewage to waters of the United States. By discharging to waters of the United States, the discharge rendered the prohibition ineffective in its essential functions. This represents a \u201cmajor\u201d deviation from the requirement based on the Enforcement Policy. Based on Table 2 of the Enforcement Policy, a factor of 0.15 applies to the January 25, 2008, SSO due to the Potential for Harm score of \u201c5\u201d and the \u201cmajor\u201d deviation from requirement. Adjustment for High Volume Discharges $2 The Enforcement Policy allows for a per-gallon liability adjustment for high-volume discharges, such as large sewage spills. The January 25, 2008, SSO was 132,710 gallons and is considered a \u201chigh volume discharge.\u201d Therefore, a $2 per gallon PENALTY FACTOR VALUE DISCUSSION liability, rather than a $10 per gallon liability, results in an appropriate penalty and sufficient deterrent for this discharge. Initial Liability $42,513 January 25, 2008, SSO: $42,513 = (0.15 x 131,710 x 2) + (0.15 x 2 x 10,000) Total Initial Liability (All Violation Groups) $99,028 The total initial liability is the sum of the initial liabilities for the four groups of violations above. $99,028 = $11,272 + $33,000 + $12,243 + $42,513 Adjustments for Settling Respondent Conduct7 Culpability 1.0 For the 10 SSOs, a neutral culpability factor is appropriate because, although the Settling Respondent is responsible for the operation and maintenance of its collection system pipelines, the SSOs were not caused by intentional or negligent behavior.", "samples": [{"hash": "iRlSMezo7dL", "uri": "/contracts/iRlSMezo7dL#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 25.6528189208, "published": true}, {"hash": "3W8wmKddSoE", "uri": "/contracts/3W8wmKddSoE#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 25.4776273957, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "major-deviation", "type": "definition", "offset": [8, 23]}, {"key": "the-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [53, 68]}, {"key": "essential-functions", "type": "definition", "offset": [196, 215]}, {"key": "prohibited-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [264, 284]}, {"key": "waters-of-the-united-states", "type": "definition", "offset": [308, 335]}, {"key": "based-on", "type": "clause", "offset": [520, 528]}, {"key": "enforcement-policy", "type": "definition", "offset": [533, 551]}, {"key": "table-2", "type": "clause", "offset": [562, 569]}, {"key": "applies-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [614, 624]}, {"key": "potential-for-harm", "type": "definition", "offset": [662, 680]}, {"key": "adjustment-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [738, 752]}, {"key": "high-volume-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [971, 992]}, {"key": "penalty-factor-value-discussion", "type": "clause", "offset": [1022, 1053]}, {"key": "an-appropriate", "type": "clause", "offset": [1116, 1130]}, {"key": "the-total", "type": "clause", "offset": [1341, 1350]}, {"key": "sum-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [1376, 1382]}, {"key": "liabilities-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [1395, 1410]}, {"key": "adjustments-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [1496, 1511]}, {"key": "settling-respondent", "type": "definition", "offset": [1512, 1531]}, {"key": "responsible-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [1663, 1678]}, {"key": "maintenance-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [1697, 1711]}, {"key": "collection-system", "type": "definition", "offset": [1716, 1733]}, {"key": "caused-by", "type": "clause", "offset": [1763, 1772]}], "hash": "d46767270584ae0837cd7cbf5d464516", "id": 8}, {"snippet": "major A major deviation from requirement occurs when the requirement has been rendered ineffective (e.g., a discharger disregards the requirement or the requirement is rendered ineffective in its essential functions). Discharge Prohibitions III.F (of the 2007 Order) and III.E (of the 2012 Order) prohibited discharge of untreated sewage to waters of the United States. By discharging to waters of the United States, the discharges rendered the prohibitions ineffective in their essential functions. This represents a \u201cmajor\u201d deviation from the requirement based on the Enforcement Policy. PENALTY FACTOR VALUE DISCUSSION Based on Table 2 of the Enforcement Policy, a factor of 0.15 applies to these six SSOs due to the Potential for Harm score of \u201c5\u201d and the \u201cmajor\u201d deviation from requirement. Adjustment for High Volume Discharges $10 The largest of these six SSOs was 3,162 gallons. This is not considered a \u201chigh volume discharge.\u201d Therefore, a $10 per gallon liability is appropriate. Initial Liability $12,243 December 6, 2008: $1,500 = (0.15 x 0 x10) + (0.15 x 1 x 10,000) November 1, 2009: $1,500 = (0.15 x 0 x10) + (0.15 x 1 x 10,000) November 7, 2010: $1,500 = (0.15 x 0 x10) + (0.15 x 1 x 10,000) December 19, 2010: $4,743 = (0.15 x 2,162 x10) + (0.15 x 1 x 10,000) November 24, 2011: $1,500 = (0.15 x 0 x10) + (0.15 x 1 x 10,000) February 2, 2014: $1,500 = (0.15 x 0 x10) + (0.15 x 1 x 10,000) Harm or Potential Harm to Beneficial Uses for Discharge Violations 1 Harm or Potential for Harm: minor A \u201cminor\u201d potential for harm is selected for the January 25, 2008, SSO because the impacts fit the Enforcement Policy definition for minor harm (\u201clow threat to beneficial uses [i.e., no observed impacts but potential impacts to beneficial uses with no appreciable harm]\u201d). There were impacts to the REC1 beneficial uses of the Pacific Ocean, but the discharge was diluted with high wet weather flows and quickly dispersed into the ocean. Moreover, actual recreational use is typically less during wet weather. Physical, Chemical, Biological, or Thermal Characteristics (Degree of Toxicity) 3 For the January 25, 2008, SSO, an \u201cabove moderate\u201d degree of toxicity is selected because the sewage discharged was not treated, was potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, and contained bacteria at levels exceeding human health standards. Therefore, the discharge posed an above moderate risk to potential receptors. Susceptibility to Cleanup or Abatement 1 The January 25, 2008, SSO occurred during wet weather when less than 50 percent of the SSO was amenable to cleanup or containment. Once the discharge entered the ocean, the ocean current prevented cleaning up or containing the untreated sewage. Final Potential for Harm Score 5 A value of 5 (1+3+1) applies to the January 25, 2008, SSO.", "samples": [{"hash": "iRlSMezo7dL", "uri": "/contracts/iRlSMezo7dL#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 25.6528189208, "published": true}, {"hash": "3W8wmKddSoE", "uri": "/contracts/3W8wmKddSoE#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 25.4776273957, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "major-deviation", "type": "definition", "offset": [8, 23]}, {"key": "the-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [53, 68]}, {"key": "essential-functions", "type": "definition", "offset": [196, 215]}, {"key": "prohibited-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [297, 317]}, {"key": "waters-of-the-united-states", "type": "definition", "offset": [341, 368]}, {"key": "based-on", "type": "clause", "offset": [557, 565]}, {"key": "enforcement-policy", "type": "definition", "offset": [570, 588]}, {"key": "penalty-factor-value-discussion", "type": "clause", "offset": [590, 621]}, {"key": "table-2", "type": "clause", "offset": [631, 638]}, {"key": "applies-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [683, 693]}, {"key": "potential-for-harm", "type": "definition", "offset": [720, 738]}, {"key": "adjustment-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [796, 810]}, {"key": "high-volume-discharge", "type": "definition", "offset": [913, 934]}, {"key": "harm-or-potential-harm-to-beneficial-uses", "type": "clause", "offset": [1407, 1448]}, {"key": "discharge-violations", "type": "clause", "offset": [1453, 1473]}, {"key": "minor-harm", "type": "definition", "offset": [1643, 1653]}, {"key": "potential-impacts", "type": "clause", "offset": [1717, 1734]}, {"key": "pacific-ocean", "type": "definition", "offset": [1837, 1850]}, {"key": "wet-weather", "type": "definition", "offset": [1892, 1903]}, {"key": "recreational-use", "type": "clause", "offset": [1965, 1981]}, {"key": "degree-of-toxicity", "type": "clause", "offset": [2080, 2098]}, {"key": "health-standards", "type": "clause", "offset": [2324, 2340]}, {"key": "susceptibility-to-cleanup-or-abatement", "type": "clause", "offset": [2420, 2458]}, {"key": "cleaning-up", "type": "clause", "offset": [2658, 2669]}], "hash": "bc64114c3a7df927df3d1911ef812fac", "id": 9}, {"snippet": "The Deviation from Requirement is moderate. Deviation from Requirement reflects the extent to which a violation deviates from the specific requirement that was violated. Moderate is assigned when the intended effectiveness of the requirement was partially compromised (e.g., the requirement was not met, and the effectiveness of the requirement was only partially achieved). Dischargers must minimize or prevent pollutants in stormwater discharges through controls, structures, and management practices that use best conventional technologies to control pollutants, such as sediment and pH. CalAtlantic only partially achieved the effectiveness of this requirement. Controls installed on \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Preserve Parkway were missing, spaced too far apart, or inadequately installed to control erosion and sediment transport, and perimeter controls installed along \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Canyon Road to contain sediment onsite failed.23 CalAtlantic implemented some controls, structures, and management to control erosion and sediment transport, but coverage was inadequate and the measures were ineffective at minimizing or preventing sediment discharges.", "samples": [{"hash": "huPrRQ21L23", "uri": "/contracts/huPrRQ21L23#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement and Stipulation for Entry of Administrative Civil Liability Order", "score": 29.3034515717, "published": true}, {"hash": "31Tm4z3uLs6", "uri": "/contracts/31Tm4z3uLs6#deviation-from-requirement", "label": "Settlement Agreement", "score": 29.3034515717, "published": true}], "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "specific-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [130, 150]}, {"key": "the-requirement", "type": "clause", "offset": [226, 241]}, {"key": "not-met", "type": "definition", "offset": [295, 302]}, {"key": "management-practices", "type": "definition", "offset": [482, 502]}, {"key": "to-control", "type": "definition", "offset": [543, 553]}, {"key": "effectiveness-of-this", "type": "clause", "offset": [631, 652]}], "hash": "ccee427bea36e1494df8c1af1b0eb546", "id": 10}], "next_curs": "CmMSXWoVc35sYXdpbnNpZGVyY29udHJhY3Rzcj8LEhZDbGF1c2VTbmlwcGV0R3JvdXBfdjU2IiNkZXZpYXRpb24tZnJvbS1yZXF1aXJlbWVudCMwMDAwMDAwYQyiAQJlbhgAIAA=", "clause": {"title": "Deviation from Requirement", "size": 26, "children": [], "parents": [["enforcement-considerations-for-unplanned", "Enforcement Considerations for Unplanned"], ["effective-date", "Effective Date"], ["assessments-for-discharge-violations", "Assessments for Discharge Violations"], ["initial-liability-amount-daily", "Initial Liability Amount: Daily"], ["counterpart-signatures", "Counterpart Signatures"]], "id": "deviation-from-requirement", "related": [["notification-requirement", "Notification Requirement", "Notification Requirement"], ["w-9-requirement", "W-9 Requirement", "W-9 Requirement"], ["nondiscrimination-requirement", "Nondiscrimination Requirement", "Nondiscrimination Requirement"], ["compliance-with-registration-requirements-no-stop-order-no-objection-from-nasd", "Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from NASD", "Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from NASD"], ["compliance-with-registration-requirements-no-stop-order-no-objection-from-finra", "Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from FINRA", "Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from FINRA"]], "related_snippets": [], "updated": "2025-07-07T12:36:18+00:00", "also_ask": ["What are the minimum justifications that must be documented to permit deviation from the requirement?", "How can the clause be drafted to prevent abuse or overbroad interpretation by the other party?", "What are the most common legal challenges to enforcing deviation clauses in court?", "How does this clause compare to industry-standard deviation provisions in similar contracts?", "What negotiation leverage does this clause provide, and how can it be used strategically?"], "drafting_tip": "Specify permissible deviations, require written approval for exceptions, and outline consequences to ensure clarity, control, and enforceability.", "explanation": "A Deviation from Requirement clause allows for exceptions to be made to the standard obligations or specifications outlined in a contract. This clause typically sets out the process by which a party can request permission to deviate from agreed requirements, such as submitting a formal request and obtaining written approval from the other party. Its core function is to provide flexibility in contract performance, enabling parties to address unforeseen circumstances or practical challenges without breaching the agreement."}, "json": true, "cursor": ""}}