{"component": "clause", "props": {"groups": [{"samples": [{"hash": "7IyDno7fmx1", "uri": "/contracts/7IyDno7fmx1#communities", "label": "Contract", "score": 20.2922655715, "published": true}, {"hash": "973NXVcMRvG", "uri": "/contracts/973NXVcMRvG#communities", "label": "Contractor Agreement", "score": 18.523613963, "published": true}, {"hash": "j4j37zNWxHX", "uri": "/contracts/j4j37zNWxHX#communities", "label": "Deliverable Based Contract", "score": 18.1937029432, "published": true}], "snippet": "We strengthen communities by enhancing their ability to support families.", "size": 3, "snippet_links": [{"key": "ability-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [45, 55]}], "hash": "0275c41ef77695722a2e5e21b734ab9a", "id": 1}, {"samples": [{"hash": "9T3qouSd6sM", "uri": "/contracts/9T3qouSd6sM#communities", "label": "Aberdeenshire Alcohol and Drug Partnership Agreement", "score": 30.6047168733, "published": true}], "snippet": "\u200c There are mechanisms in place across Aberdeenshire to provide opportunities for the wider community to engage. This includes but is not restricted to: \u2022 Patient participation groups \u2022 Youth Participation Networks \u2022 Stakeholder members on boards and committees \u2022 Specific engagement activity around particular topics Service providers and a wide range of local organisations community groups play an important role in supporting people in local communities.", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "in-place", "type": "definition", "offset": [23, 31]}, {"key": "to-provide", "type": "definition", "offset": [53, 63]}, {"key": "stakeholder-members", "type": "definition", "offset": [217, 236]}, {"key": "boards-and-committees", "type": "clause", "offset": [240, 261]}, {"key": "service-providers", "type": "clause", "offset": [318, 335]}, {"key": "wide-range", "type": "definition", "offset": [342, 352]}, {"key": "community-groups", "type": "clause", "offset": [376, 392]}, {"key": "local-communities", "type": "definition", "offset": [440, 457]}], "hash": "85e4e81a0f1288750361babb24a40ab3", "id": 6}, {"samples": [{"hash": "kj9XXSHThzK", "uri": "/contracts/kj9XXSHThzK#communities", "label": "Financing Agreement", "score": 26.3552361396, "published": true}, {"hash": "24Bn4l6eOcw", "uri": "/contracts/24Bn4l6eOcw#communities", "label": "Financing Agreement", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "snippet": "Under the supervision of a CEA, each community shall set up a Management Committee to oversee the activities under Part 1 of the Project. The Community Management Committee shall: (i) identify and mobilize members of the community to operate as Nutrition Aides; (ii) allocate appropriate sites for Nutrition Aides to conduct monthly growth promotion activities and provide other support, as necessary; and (iii) strengthen its capacity to analyze and respond to local nutrition problems.", "size": 3, "snippet_links": [{"key": "under-the-supervision-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [0, 24]}, {"key": "activities-under", "type": "clause", "offset": [98, 114]}, {"key": "part-1", "type": "clause", "offset": [115, 121]}, {"key": "the-project", "type": "clause", "offset": [125, 136]}, {"key": "committee-shall", "type": "definition", "offset": [163, 178]}, {"key": "members-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [206, 220]}, {"key": "to-operate", "type": "definition", "offset": [231, 241]}, {"key": "promotion-activities", "type": "definition", "offset": [340, 360]}, {"key": "other-support", "type": "clause", "offset": [373, 386]}, {"key": "respond-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [451, 461]}], "hash": "ec892f2d68df6bdef690d935f7c99aa1", "id": 2}, {"samples": [{"hash": "5Kg6mZMtbCk", "uri": "/contracts/5Kg6mZMtbCk#communities", "label": "Community Benefits Agreement", "score": 19.0930869268, "published": true}, {"hash": "2B1LE3RqN7a", "uri": "/contracts/2B1LE3RqN7a#communities", "label": "Community Benefits Agreement", "score": 19.0930869268, "published": true}], "snippet": "1. CBAs may give neighborhoods a more meaningful role in the development process than the opportunities ULURP provides for public participation. Those who champion CBAs on behalf of local communities articulate several justifications for the agreements. First, they argue that the City\u2019s normal land use procedures often fail to ensure that the concerns of the neighborhood most affected by the proposed development are considered and adequately addressed.250 They argue that the representatives of the neighborhood -- the community board, the borough president, and City Council members -- are not effective in advocating for the community. They assert that community boards are given few resources and little training to evaluate development proposals.251 They note that members serve at the pleasure of borough 250 More generally, communities in many cities have turned the CBAs out of frustration with the lack of meaningful opportunities for communities to participate in the planning and design of federal urban renewal projects, community economic development programs, and land use decisions more generally. See, e.g., Ho, supra note 3, at 11\u201319. 251 See, e.g., \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Issue of the Week: Community-Based Planning, GOTHAM GAZETTE, Mar. 25, 2002, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/iotw/communityboards/; \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Report Finds Disparity in City Aid to Community Boards, N.Y. TIMES, June 20, 2005, at B2; \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Back of Bloomy! Rally at City Hall Rips Community Board Cuts, N.Y. DAILY NEWS, June 10, 2009, at 29; \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Cutting Back on Democracy, GOTHAM GAZETTE, Mar. 16, 2009, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/article/fea/20090316/202/2854. presidents, who sometimes are said to replace members because of the members\u2019 views.252 The community boards\u2019 recommendations are advisory only, and may be ignored by the borough presidents, City Planning Commission, City Council and Mayor.253 Elected officials may, of course, disregard a community board\u2019s recommendations for appropriate reasons, such as the City\u2019s need for a particular development. But community members also may fear that their elected officials may disregard the community\u2019s concerns for reasons the community may find more troubling, such as the role developers\u2019 contributions may play in financing political campaigns.254 One of the tools designed to give neighborhoods more power in the land use process -- community based plans sanctioned by \u00a7197a of the City\u2019s charter -- is widely seen as having very limited impact.255 Communities that have not yet drafted a 197-a plan complain that such plans are extremely costly and difficult to craft, and many communities, especially in lower income neighborhoods, lack the resources to engage in the planning process.256 Although Section 197-a requires the DCP to \u201c[p]rovide community boards with such staff assistance and other professional and technical assistance as may be necessary to permit such boards to perform their planning duties and responsibilities under this chapter,\u201d257 critics claim that such assistance is in fact rarely given.258 Critics argue that the few planners staffed by the DCP to work with communities focus mainly on reviewing the plans, rather than helping communities develop the plans.259 Some communities that already have drafted 197-a plans believe they are ignored.260 The City Planning Commission officially interprets community plans as nonbinding guidance, which minimizes 197-a\u2019s effectiveness at providing meaningful public participation to communities.261 Relative to ULURP, or 197-a plans, therefore, CBAs are seen as a more direct and powerful way for the community to have a role in shaping their neighborhood\u2019s development. 252 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Wants Reform, New Blood on Community Boards, DOWNTOWN EXPRESS, Feb. 22, 2006, available at \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/de_146/stringerwantsreform.html. 253 See N.Y.C. CHARTER, ch. 70, \u00a7 2800(d) (setting out the duties and authority of community boards); see also Community Board Assistance Unit of the Mayor\u2019s Office, Handbook for Community Board Members (2009), available at \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/html/cau/downloads/pdf/handbook_2009.pdf. 254 Gross, supra note 1, at 4. 255 Under Section 197-a of the city charter, community boards are authorized to sponsor plans for the \u201cdevelopment, growth, and improvement of the city, its boroughs and communities.\u201d . N.Y.C. CHARTER, ch. 8, \u00a7 197-a(a). 256 MUN. ART SOC\u2019Y, THE STATE OF 197-A PLANNING IN NEW YORK CITY (1998), available at 257 N.Y.C. CHARTER, ch. 8, \u00a7 191(5). 258 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, New York City's \u201c197-a\u201d Community Planning Experience: Power to the People or Less Work for Planners?, 12 PLAN., PRAC. & RES. 59 (1997). 259 MUN. ART SOC\u2019Y, supra note 256, at 2. 260 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Residents, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 Question 197-a and 197-c Revision Process, COLUMBIA SPECTATOR, Jan. 22, 2008, available at \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/2008/01/22/residents-\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-question-197- and-197-c-revision-process. 261 \u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Replacing Politics with Democracy: A Proposal for Community Planning in New York City and Beyond, 11 \u2587.\u2587. & POL'Y 135, 142 (2002).\n2. CBAs give neighborhoods a role in the development process when the City\u2019s typical land use processes are preempted. Communities complain that they have even less input into the land use approval process when the City\u2019s ULURP is pre-empted because the project involves the state or federal government or special authorities such as the Metropolitan Transit Authority, or falls within the jurisdiction of the Empire State Development Corporation (ESDC). Several of the projects in which CBAs have been negotiated have involved the ESDC, and have been approved outside ULURP.262 The Atlantic Yards development, for example, did not have to go through ULURP because it was within the jurisdiction of the ESDC. ESDC\u2019s procedures did not provide a formal role for the community board, and community groups found opportunities for participation unsatisfying.263 Indeed, community groups complained bitterly that the public hearings focused only on a dense and technical environmental impact statement and provided little meaningful opportunity for community members to have an impact on the project.264 Proponents of the Atlantic Yards CBA said it was needed in part to address that gap. More generally, CBA advocates argue that CBAs especially are necessary to ensure that the community\u2019s needs are voiced and addressed when the City\u2019s typical land use processes do not apply.265\n3. CBAs give neighborhoods an opportunity to address issues, such as wage rates or employment practices, that the City may not have the authority to address in the normal land use process. Advocates of CBAs believe that CBAs give the residents affected by a development a say regarding all the ways in which a proposal may change the local community, without regard to whether those impacts are related to land use or environmental impacts.266 The normal land use process, because of its focus on traditional land use concerns such as the height and bulk of a project, does not always ensure that those most affected by the development have a voice in shaping all the ways in which the development could affect or benefit the community.267 CBAs allow neighborhoods to negotiate their own mitigation and benefits without having to worry about the \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 nexus and proportionality requirements, which might apply if the City were involved in the negotiations. Many CBAs, including the Atlantic Yards, Columbia and Bronx Terminal Market CBAs, for example, address the percentage of the development\u2019s construction jobs that will be reserved for minority, women, or local workers.268 Such a requirement might not pass muster under \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, but proponents of CBAs argue that as private agreements, CBAs are unlikely to trigger with the \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 nexus or proportionality 262 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Atlantic Yards and the Perils of Community Benefit Agreements, PLANETIZEN, May 7, 2007, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/node/24335. 263 Memorandum from the N.Y. Pub. Int. Res. Group, ULURP Should Apply to the Atlantic Yards Project (June 18, 2004), available at \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587://\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587.\u2587\u2587\u2587/public/nypirg_ULURP.pdf . 264 Urban Renewal: Up in Arms about the Yards, ECONOMIST, Sept. 23, 2006, at 89. 265 \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, supra note 87. 266 See Gross, supra note 1, at 5-6. 267 Id. 268 See supra notes 52, 90, 180. requirements. As discussed below in Part IV(D), however, to the extent that CBAs are required by or incorporated into the land use approval processes, they may implicate \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587/\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, so this \u201cadvantage\u201d of CBAs may be illusory.\n4. CBAs allow neighborhoods to control the distribution of at least some of the benefits of the development. The normal land use process does not necessarily ensure that those most affected by a development proposal will receive an equitable share of the benefits of the development. In many cases, one of the direct benefits of a development is the creation of new jobs. The land use approval process may take into account benefits such as jobs that a development will bring to a community in weighing whether to allow the development. But the land use process generally does not address which community, or group within the community, should get those benefits.269 Proponents of CBAs believe that they can help give community groups \u201ca united voice\u201d270 that can help them secure promises that jobs (and other benefits) will be offered first to the residents of the neighborhoods in which the development is being built.271", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "development-process", "type": "clause", "offset": [61, 80]}, {"key": "for-public", "type": "definition", "offset": [119, 129]}, {"key": "on-behalf-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [169, 181]}, {"key": "local-communities", "type": "definition", "offset": [182, 199]}, {"key": "the-agreements", "type": "clause", "offset": [238, 252]}, {"key": "the-city", "type": "clause", "offset": [277, 285]}, {"key": "to-ensure", "type": "clause", "offset": [326, 335]}, {"key": "affected-by", "type": "definition", "offset": [379, 390]}, {"key": "proposed-development", 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true}, {"hash": "4lr6P7ipGnl", "uri": "/contracts/4lr6P7ipGnl#communities", "label": "Service Level Agreement", "score": 18.0828199863, "published": true}], "snippet": "a) Develop new outreach activities with and for communities living in Farnham, Haslemere, Godalming and Cranleigh\nb) Build new partnerships and collaborations across the Borough to ensure work reaches news audiences and benefits the wider communities of Waverley", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "outreach-activities", "type": "clause", "offset": [15, 34]}, {"key": "living-in", "type": "definition", "offset": [60, 69]}, {"key": "partnerships-and-collaborations", "type": "clause", "offset": [127, 158]}, {"key": "to-ensure", "type": "clause", "offset": [178, 187]}, {"key": "and-benefits", "type": "clause", "offset": [216, 228]}], "hash": "c5abe9c25e62ce8bb940aa14fcbf39ba", "id": 4}, {"samples": [{"hash": "3UrMEWGZAad", "uri": "/contracts/3UrMEWGZAad#communities", "label": "Director Contract", "score": 33.0006615104, "published": true}], "snippet": "The Director will make sure that the PMU continuously and proactively engages the neighbouring communities over related conservation and livelihood activities. The Director will ensure that the Trust unlocks benefits for surrounding communities and stem deforestation and HWC. To do so, the Director will: \u2022 Promote inclusive partnerships between the Trust and local communities which fosters participation and custodianship of the GMPE; \u2022 Oversee the development of a strong program at the Trust level to assist communities in dealing with and managing human wildlife conflict and partner with organization active on this topic on and within the borders of GMPE; \u2022 Oversee the development of conservation awareness and education; \u2022 Oversee the development of improved livelihoods program linked to conservation.", "size": 2, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-director", "type": "clause", "offset": [0, 12]}, {"key": "the-trust", "type": "clause", "offset": [190, 199]}, {"key": "benefits-for", "type": "clause", "offset": [208, 220]}, {"key": "local-communities", "type": "definition", "offset": [361, 378]}, {"key": "development-of-a", "type": "clause", "offset": [452, 468]}, {"key": "to-assist", "type": "clause", "offset": [503, 512]}, {"key": "dealing-with", "type": "clause", "offset": [528, 540]}, {"key": "awareness-and-education", "type": "clause", "offset": [706, 729]}], "hash": "19846ffd6b71e2b046e5ced985adc1c4", "id": 5}, {"samples": [{"hash": "9sIXQpMQ98S", "uri": "/contracts/9sIXQpMQ98S#communities", "label": "Glossary", "score": 22.8295772446, "published": true}], "snippet": "A social group whose members reside in a specific locality, share government and often have a common cultural and historical heritage / an ecological unit composed of the various populations of micro-organisms, plants, animals that inhabit a particular area.", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [], "hash": "13c6324e97f16b6d3d24e5ea7c98e3c4", "id": 7}, {"samples": [{"hash": "6Hujj45Fag9", "uri": "/contracts/6Hujj45Fag9#communities", "label": "Rental Agreement", "score": 21.1013004791, "published": true}], "snippet": "The homeowner not C & M Worldwide Holdings Inc cannot and does not guarantee access to any resort amenities including but not limited to pools, golf courses, fitness centers, recreation areas and restaurants. The homeowner nor C & M Worldwide Holdings Inc shall not be held liable if community amenity access is restricted due to weather, maintenance, construction, resort policies or any other reason.", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [{"key": "access-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [77, 86]}, {"key": "not-limited", "type": "clause", "offset": [122, 133]}, {"key": "golf-courses", "type": "definition", "offset": [144, 156]}, {"key": "recreation-areas", "type": "clause", "offset": [175, 191]}, {"key": "community-amenity", "type": "definition", "offset": [284, 301]}, {"key": "resort-policies", "type": "clause", "offset": [366, 381]}, {"key": "any-other-reason", "type": "clause", "offset": [385, 401]}], "hash": "70b4d8d205fc4f65229f5c1aa56d7e48", "id": 8}, {"samples": [{"hash": "kLU1xBA4qBV", "uri": "/contracts/kLU1xBA4qBV#communities", "label": "Grant Agreement", "score": 28.4055950054, "published": true}], "snippet": "[\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587: facilitator of DIY bio activities in Slovenia] [\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587: biodesign citizen science projects responsible in Par\u00eds] [\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587: researcher in biodesign, DIY bio educational activities in Geneva] [\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587: facilitator in community health citizen science project] [\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587: facilitator of biodesign activities in The Netherlands]", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [{"key": "citizen-science", "type": "clause", "offset": [78, 93]}, {"key": "educational-activities", "type": "clause", "offset": [165, 187]}, {"key": "community-health", "type": "clause", "offset": [222, 238]}, {"key": "the-netherlands", "type": "clause", "offset": [311, 326]}], "hash": "1db514bacf0837eefb40be6971e00183", "id": 9}, {"samples": [{"hash": "63I50jWmnwh", "uri": "/contracts/63I50jWmnwh#communities", "label": "Asset Transfer Agreement", "score": 35.456716855, "published": true}], "snippet": "On or before December 31, 2025, the Board shall by resolution establish two or more communities under these Rules (\u201cCommunities\u201d) and determine the criteria upon which a person will be deemed to be part of each such Community. The Communities shall be based upon geographic area or affinity-based connection, such as a common bond of religious interest, ethnic interest, social interest, occupation, employment or community.", "size": 1, "snippet_links": [{"key": "before-december", "type": "clause", "offset": [6, 21]}, {"key": "board-shall", "type": "definition", "offset": [36, 47]}, {"key": "these-rules", "type": "definition", "offset": [102, 113]}, {"key": "the-criteria", "type": "clause", "offset": [144, 156]}, {"key": "a-person", "type": "clause", "offset": [168, 176]}, {"key": "geographic-area", "type": "definition", "offset": [263, 278]}, {"key": "common-bond", "type": "definition", "offset": [319, 330]}], "hash": "6778757a4d6f3bf0a8d2a5947ae600e6", "id": 10}], "next_curs": "ClQSTmoVc35sYXdpbnNpZGVyY29udHJhY3RzcjALEhZDbGF1c2VTbmlwcGV0R3JvdXBfdjU2IhRjb21tdW5pdGllcyMwMDAwMDAwYQyiAQJlbhgAIAA=", "clause": {"size": 43, "parents": [["representative-addresses", "REPRESENTATIVE; ADDRESSES"], ["commission-objectives", "Commission Objectives"], ["un-global-compact", "UN Global Compact"], ["variation", "Variation"], ["other-sources-of-funding", "OTHER SOURCES OF FUNDING"]], "children": [], "title": "Communities", "id": "communities", "related": [["community", "Community", "Community"], ["community-outreach", "Community Outreach", "Community Outreach"], ["maryland-residents", "Maryland Residents", "Maryland Residents"], ["health-care", "Health Care", "Health Care"], ["residence-community-living-standards", "Residence Community Living Standards", "Residence Community Living Standards"]], "related_snippets": [], "updated": "2025-07-07T12:37:48+00:00"}, "json": true, "cursor": ""}}