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Adolescence. Gene–environment interplay • Autonomic • Neurocognitive • Social information processing • Temperament • Personality traits Gene–environment correlations Genetic factors Environmental risk factors Dispositional risk factors
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Adolescence. Dietary phenylalanine tolerance and prescription are developed in infancy, but may be revised as the child with PKU reaches adolescence. Recently published recommendations for medical management [85] and nutrition management of PKU [12] are excellent starting points to develop and implement dietary and medical food prescriptions for patients. The RD may use a standard recommendation for phenylalanine per kilogram body weight (phe/kg) [12] and tailor to the individual patient’s needs. Over time, phenylalanine concentrations are measured to assess the impact of phenylalanine consumption on maintaining metabolic control [13]. The RD will adjust the dietary phenylalanine prescription to promote blood phenylalanine concentrations within the treatment range (2-6mg/L, 120-360µmol/L) [13]. While most patients fluctuate in compliance with dietary recommendations with age, it is important to make sure a treatment team is always in place to reinforce the importance of PKU management. Transition of care from pediatric to adult is often a major challenge to patients with PKU [86].
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Adolescence. WHO identifies adolescence as the period of human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood, from ages 10 to19. An adolescent is anybody within this age range of 10 to 19. Young women In this study, young women are all girls aged 20 to 24 Chapter Two-Methods This descriptive systematic review will follow the general Cochrane methods by including a research question, specific population, and clear outcome of interest. Interventions and comparison groups will not be applied as they are not applicable to the research question as such will not conduct a meta-analysis (Xxxxxx et al., 2001). Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed and applied to the published peer-reviewed articles. Inclusion Criteria Studies included in the review are based on the following criteria:
